EP0554682A1 - Procédé pour la fabrication des surfaces résistantes à l'abrasion - Google Patents

Procédé pour la fabrication des surfaces résistantes à l'abrasion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0554682A1
EP0554682A1 EP93100454A EP93100454A EP0554682A1 EP 0554682 A1 EP0554682 A1 EP 0554682A1 EP 93100454 A EP93100454 A EP 93100454A EP 93100454 A EP93100454 A EP 93100454A EP 0554682 A1 EP0554682 A1 EP 0554682A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
disc
wear
casting
pins
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93100454A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0554682B1 (fr
Inventor
Gopal Subray Revankar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deere and Co
Original Assignee
Deere and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deere and Co filed Critical Deere and Co
Publication of EP0554682A1 publication Critical patent/EP0554682A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0554682B1 publication Critical patent/EP0554682B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/08—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12049—Nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12056—Entirely inorganic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
    • Y10T428/12139—Nonmetal particles in particulate component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12146—Nonmetal particles in a component

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for impregnating or embedding hard, wear-resistant phases in surface layers of metal products which are produced by pouring liquid metal.
  • metal products for example made of iron
  • the surfaces are coated, for example, by flame spray coating or plasma spray coating.
  • flame spray coating or plasma spray coating a disadvantage of these processes is that the surface layers can flake off during the coating process and when the products are used. There are also high procedural costs.
  • the mechanical properties of cast iron made by an EPC process are inferior to that of sand or core castings due to the presence of carbon defects. Furthermore, the EPC process requires special precautionary measures to keep small changes in shape during casting.
  • the EPC process in a conventional foundry requires the installation of special devices.
  • the cast products can have shape deviations which can be attributed to shape deviations of the foam models.
  • the sand molding method for casting carbides known from the prior art requires carbide balls, which can make the process more expensive. Increased costs can also result from the requirement that the wear-resistant surface be formed flat. In this case, the cast product must be smoothed and a surface layer removed, which corresponds approximately to half the diameter of the spherical particles.
  • the invention remedies this and proposes a method for embedding layers of hard, wear-resistant material in surface layers of metal products which are produced by pouring liquid metal into casting molds.
  • the layers contain protruding pins, anchors or hooks, which consist of the hard, wear-resistant material and through which the wear-resistant layer is "mechanically” attached to the casting surface.
  • the present invention can basically be applied to the casting of any known metal.
  • cast iron particularly spheroidal graphite cast iron or gray cast iron
  • suitable metals include non-ferrous alloys and high heat resistance superalloys.
  • a first step involves forming a disc or plate that contains a wear-resistant material.
  • the invention can be used with any sinterable, hard phase known from the prior art.
  • Such hard phases are, for example, tungsten carbide, chromium carbide and the like.
  • the wear-resistant material can be a metallic binder included, the z. B. belongs to the iron group, such as preferably cobalt for use with tungsten carbides or nickel for use with chromium carbides etc. If, for example, ductile iron is used as the metal to be cast, particles are preferred which consist of tungsten carbide with a weight fraction of 14 to 17% cobalt are composed.
  • the disc is produced by mixing a powder made of hard, wear-resistant material (preferably with a metal binder added) with a suitable organic binder, for example a 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution (PVA), and a suitable hardener, for example 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl Phosphate, phosphate ester hardener (e.g. KRONITEX 3600 from FMC Corporation, USA) or a mixture of hardeners.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol solution
  • a suitable hardener for example 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl Phosphate, phosphate ester hardener (e.g. KRONITEX 3600 from FMC Corporation, USA) or a mixture of hardeners.
  • the mixture forms a flowable mass with suitable rheological properties, so that the mass can be brought into the form of a disk.
  • any hardener and / or organic binder that can be processed effectively with a certain hard, wear-resistant material is suitable.
  • Fine-grained particles having a mesh size of 140/200 (approx. 110 to 74 microns) or finer are preferably used in the process according to the invention.
  • a pattern is then applied to an outwardly facing surface of the pane, the structure of which results in an improvement in the impregnation of the iron.
  • the shape of the pattern on the disc can take any structure that prevents lateral movement of the disc on a component surface during use, that is, the structure is intended to intercept shear forces that act tangentially on the disc surface.
  • a waffle structure is applied to the outer surface of the pane (FIG. 1).
  • the pattern can be molded by suitable means, for example by pressing a stamp on the surface of the still flowable, plastic thin plate, which has the desired pattern.
  • the same mixture of wear-resistant material, organic binder and hardener that is used for the formation of the disk is preferably also used for the formation of pins or anchors that are attached to the disk.
  • the pins or anchors can take any shape that enables the disk to be mechanically held on the casting surface. Two examples of suitable pins are shown in FIG. 2 in a side view and in a top view. Other cone shapes can include, for example, flat carbide disks with waffle-like surface textures.
  • These cones are poured separately and then dried, for example in an oven at about 100 ° C., so that dimensionally stable solid bodies are formed. They are glued to the disk, on the side of the disk on which the pattern is located to form the wear-resistant layer, as shown, for example, in FIG. 1.
  • the number of pins that are attached to the disc is chosen so that the pins can absorb the separation forces that could be applied to the disc surface without the disc becoming loose.
  • four anchors are provided in the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • the number can also be e.g. B. vary between 1 and 8.
  • the pins can be attached to the disk. They can also be pre-sintered before fastening. In any case, they become an integral part of the disc as soon as it is sintered together with the pins.
  • the disc is then at low Temperatures of, for example, 320 to 340 ° C heated to remove volatile constituents of the organic binder and hardener.
  • This sintering of unbound disks takes place under conditions in which the disks and pins become completely compact.
  • Such sintering processes are known.
  • sintering can take place in a vacuum at temperatures between 1450 and 1475 ° C. over a period of 50 to 75 minutes.
  • the composition of the pins or anchors preferably coincides with that of the associated washer, the washer with the anchors attached to it is essentially stress-free after cooling from the sintering temperature to room temperature. After sintering, the pins are thus integral components of the associated disks (FIG. 3).
  • binders and hardeners are used in accordance with the method described above for forming the washers and pins, methods can also be used in which these additives are omitted.
  • the carbide powder with a suitable proportion of metallic binders can be pressed directly into a disc with a flat pin within a cold mold. Such disks can then be sintered in the same manner as described above, with the exception that now neither binder nor hardener have to be freed from their volatile components by heating to low temperatures.
  • the sintered wear-resistant layer or disk can now be fastened in a known manner on a suitable mold surface, for example that of a sand core.
  • a suitable mold surface for example that of a sand core.
  • for. B. uses a high-temperature adhesive according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the layer is then, for example heated to 100 ° C. in an oven, so that the evaporating constituents are expelled from the adhesive and the adhesive cures.
  • the high temperature adhesive must have a flow temperature that is higher than the casting temperature of the metal.
  • any adhesive in this regard is suitable, but an inorganic high-temperature adhesive is particularly preferred.
  • a binder which contains a high-temperature ceramic adhesive for. B. a high temperature binder, which is sold by Aremco Products, Inc., USA under the trade name Ceramabond 569 and contains, for example, oxides of aluminum, silicon and potassium in an aqueous colloidal suspension which has a maximum service temperature of approximately 1650 ° C. .
  • the liquid metal penetrates into the pores of the layer made of hard, wear-resistant material.
  • Any of the known casting methods for example casting using gravity, pressure die casting, vacuum casting or the like, can be used. However, gravity-based casting is preferred because of its ease of handling. 3 shows, for example, spheroidal graphite cast iron with tungsten carbide impregnation.
  • the method according to the invention can be used to produce metal products which cover a wide range of applications. Furthermore, the method can be used with a large number of metals and their alloys, since it is not necessary when the method is carried out that the metal is metallurgically coated with the layer of wear-resistant material responds. The mechanical anchoring through the pins is essentially sufficient for fastening. However, in the particular case of cast iron, an additional metallurgical reaction has been identified which further strengthens the iron-carbide bond. The formation of this reaction can be improved by forming a waffle pattern on the disk.
  • the surface conversion can already be carried out successfully during the casting process and requires neither subsequent soldering or welding, nor additional casting devices, such as may be associated with a dissolving foam core (EPC process) during casting.
  • the process according to the invention can be used without difficulty in known sand molding processes.
  • Fine tungsten carbide powder with 14 to 17% cobalt powder as a metal binder (mesh size 140/200 or finer) is mixed with a suitable organic binder, e.g. a 10% aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution, and a suitable hardener (2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate or KRONITEX 3600 from FMC Corporation, USA) or a mixture of hardeners in order to form a flowable mass with adequate rheological properties which can be poured into sheets or thin plates or rolled out.
  • a pattern with a waffle structure, as shown in FIG. 1, is then placed on the disk emerges, imprinted. After the disc has dried and set, it becomes solid.
  • cones of a suitable shape (FIG. 2) are cast separately and dried in an oven at 100 ° C. until they also become solid. These pins are glued to the wafer-shaped side of the disk as long as it is still plastic, for example before the binder resin has set. A corresponding arrangement is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the carbide disk, which has not yet set, is then sintered in a vacuum for 60 minutes at 1460 ° C., the disk and the pins joining to form a compact unit (FIG. 3).
  • the sintered carbide disc is then attached to a sand core with the Ceramabond 569 adhesive from Aremco.
  • the sand core and carbide disk are heated in an oven at 100 ° C. for 60 to 120 minutes in order to drive off the volatile constituents from the binder and to bind it. This can also be done at room temperature, but then requires a considerably longer period of time.
  • the cast iron is poured around the carbide disk by means of a conventional casting process, so that when the metal solidifies, the carbide disk is firmly connected to the metal surface.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
EP93100454A 1992-01-21 1993-01-14 Procédé pour la fabrication des surfaces résistantes à l'abrasion Expired - Lifetime EP0554682B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US822904 1992-01-21
US07/822,904 US5267600A (en) 1992-01-21 1992-01-21 Hard facing casting surfaces with wear-resistant sheets

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0554682A1 true EP0554682A1 (fr) 1993-08-11
EP0554682B1 EP0554682B1 (fr) 1996-12-18

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93100454A Expired - Lifetime EP0554682B1 (fr) 1992-01-21 1993-01-14 Procédé pour la fabrication des surfaces résistantes à l'abrasion

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (3) US5267600A (fr)
EP (1) EP0554682B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0798262B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2086868C (fr)
DE (1) DE59304769D1 (fr)
MX (1) MX9300127A (fr)

Cited By (2)

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ITUD20120159A1 (it) * 2012-09-14 2014-03-15 F A R Fonderie Acciaierie Roiale S P A Procedimento per la fabbricazione di getti in acciaio
WO2016066339A1 (fr) * 2014-10-27 2016-05-06 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Moule de fonderie pourvu d'au moins une empreinte et destiné à la fabrication d'une pièce de fonderie

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NZ336217A (en) * 1999-06-10 2002-02-01 Svedala New Zealand Ltd Composite sacrificial components
US7657990B2 (en) * 2002-03-06 2010-02-09 Deere & Company Track chain link and undercarriage track roller having a metallurgically bonded coating
US9616951B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2017-04-11 Deere & Company Non-carburized components of track-type machines having a metallurgically bonded coating
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US8252225B2 (en) * 2009-03-04 2012-08-28 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming erosion-resistant composites, methods of using the same, and earth-boring tools utilizing the same in internal passageways
US7828089B2 (en) * 2007-12-14 2010-11-09 Baker Hughes Incorporated Erosion resistant fluid passageways and flow tubes for earth-boring tools, methods of forming the same and earth-boring tools including the same
DE102010013999A1 (de) * 2010-04-07 2011-10-13 Vautid Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines zumindest bereichsweise einen erhöhten Verschleißschutz aufweisenden Gusswerkstücks
US9283621B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2016-03-15 Deere & Company Method for forming a composite article
ITUD20120134A1 (it) * 2012-07-25 2014-01-26 F A R Fonderie Acciaierie Roiale S P A Procedimento per la fabbricazione di getti in acciaio e getti in acciaio cosi' fabbricati
US9038359B2 (en) 2012-11-12 2015-05-26 Deere & Company Rotary implement having hard metallic layer and method therefor
WO2015103670A1 (fr) * 2014-01-09 2015-07-16 Bradken Uk Limited Élément d'usure incorporant des particules résistant à l'usure et son procédé de fabrication
US10543985B2 (en) * 2015-01-19 2020-01-28 Flsmidth A/S Interlocking wear-resistant panel system
US11103944B2 (en) 2019-08-12 2021-08-31 Deere & Company Self-sharpening cutting tooth for a felling apparatus
CN113714487B (zh) * 2021-08-23 2023-02-03 昆明理工大学 一种高耐磨wc颗粒增强钢铁基表层复合导板的制备方法

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FR2340379A1 (fr) * 1976-02-05 1977-09-02 Sandvik Ab Corps composite constitue par un carbure fritte et un alliage de fusion
GB2074912A (en) * 1980-05-01 1981-11-11 Amsted Ind Inc Ferrous metal castings with high hardness inserts
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EP0421374A2 (fr) * 1989-10-05 1991-04-10 Deere & Company Procédé de fabrication d'articles en fonte avec couche superficielle résistante à l'usure et produit réalisé avec ce procédé

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITUD20120159A1 (it) * 2012-09-14 2014-03-15 F A R Fonderie Acciaierie Roiale S P A Procedimento per la fabbricazione di getti in acciaio
WO2016066339A1 (fr) * 2014-10-27 2016-05-06 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Moule de fonderie pourvu d'au moins une empreinte et destiné à la fabrication d'une pièce de fonderie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5383513A (en) 1995-01-24
CA2086868A1 (fr) 1993-07-22
US5267600A (en) 1993-12-07
CA2086868C (fr) 1998-07-21
US5443916A (en) 1995-08-22
MX9300127A (es) 1993-07-01
DE59304769D1 (de) 1997-01-30
JPH0798262B2 (ja) 1995-10-25
JPH05261515A (ja) 1993-10-12
EP0554682B1 (fr) 1996-12-18

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