EP0421374A2 - Procédé de fabrication d'articles en fonte avec couche superficielle résistante à l'usure et produit réalisé avec ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'articles en fonte avec couche superficielle résistante à l'usure et produit réalisé avec ce procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0421374A2
EP0421374A2 EP90118921A EP90118921A EP0421374A2 EP 0421374 A2 EP0421374 A2 EP 0421374A2 EP 90118921 A EP90118921 A EP 90118921A EP 90118921 A EP90118921 A EP 90118921A EP 0421374 A2 EP0421374 A2 EP 0421374A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
abrasion
model
resistant material
iron
binder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90118921A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0421374A3 (en
Inventor
Gopal Subray Revankar
Daniel Lee Deroo
John Joseph Maberry
David P. Jones
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deere and Co
Original Assignee
Deere and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deere and Co filed Critical Deere and Co
Publication of EP0421374A2 publication Critical patent/EP0421374A2/fr
Publication of EP0421374A3 publication Critical patent/EP0421374A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
    • B22C9/046—Use of patterns which are eliminated by the liquid metal in the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/08—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a production method for iron products with hard, abrasion-resistant material with impregnated surface layers, in which a model that dissolves during casting is used to produce a casting mold.
  • a layer is applied to the model, at least in an area to be hardened, which layer contains a powder of the abrasion-resistant material and a binder.
  • the abrasion-resistant material is deposited in the surface layer of the iron product.
  • non-aqueous binders in this process requires the subsequent use of a non-aqueous, refractory, thin mortar that is applied to the model to prevent contact between the molten metal and the molding sand, thereby improving the machinability and surface finish of the casting .
  • using non-aqueous, refractory mortar poses a variety of safety risks and is therefore completely undesirable.
  • the object to be achieved with the invention will be to provide a method of the type mentioned by which a strong bond between the abrasion-resistant material and the iron of the casting can be produced.
  • the method is also intended to enable the use of an aqueous mortar slurry.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in the method mentioned above in that a water-containing binder solution is used as the binder.
  • a water-containing binder solution is used as the binder.
  • the use of a water-soluble binder enables the model to be coated with an aqueous mortar as a separating layer. Furthermore, the spalling problems can be largely avoided.
  • a paste is preferably produced by mixing a powder of abrasion-resistant material into the binder solution, which is then applied to the desired surface areas of the model.
  • a recess or depression is made in the surface of the desired area of the model, into which either the paste is introduced or which is initially filled with the aqueous binder solution, into which the abrasion-resistant material is then sprinkled.
  • the invention also provides the iron product created by one of the methods of the invention.
  • the present invention can be applied to the casting of any known iron product. However, it is particularly preferred for cast iron, in particular spheroidal graphite cast iron or gray cast iron.
  • EPS foamed polystyrene
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • a hard, abrasion-resistant material with a particle size of about 15 microns to about 1.5 mm or more is preferred.
  • the particle size is preferably between about 140 and about 548 microns (30 mesh) and more preferably between about 140 and about 149 microns (100 mesh). Since carbon imperfections are easier to form when using powders with a finer particle size, for example 200 mesh (74 microns), coarser powder is preferred, but without fine powder being considered completely unsuitable.
  • the particles are also usually spherical, for example to improve fluidity, but the particle shape is not critical.
  • any known hard state material can be effectively used, such as e.g. B. tungsten carbide, chromium carbide and the like or a mixture thereof. It has been shown that the use of an abrasion-resistant material with sufficient wettability with regard to the cast iron used effectively reduces the chipping problems known from the prior art. Where ductile iron is used as the metal to be cast, spherical or sharp-edged tungsten carbide or a eutectic mixture of WC and W2C or other carbides such as chromium carbide are preferred, while aluminum is the least suitable.
  • the wettability of the tungsten carbide is increased when the carbon content of the powder is less than stoichiometric required (e.g. less than 6.5 percent by weight for WC). It is therefore particularly advantageous to use substoichiometric carbon, spherical tungsten carbide powder with a carbon content of approximately 4% and also a eutectic mixture of W2C and WC (commercially available under the generic name "crushed carbid") in connection with ductile iron.
  • a solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is preferred as the binder, since it is highly water-soluble and makes the use of a flammable liquid, such as alcohol, unnecessary. PVA also evaporates quickly without leaving carbon residue on the particles, increasing the wetting effect of the molten metal so that the metal can penetrate the carbide particle crosslinking in a fluid manner.
  • the binder preferably contains a solution of PVA and water with a concentration of more than 5 percent by weight of PVA, preferably between about 9.5 and about 10.5 percent by weight of PVA.
  • the method is particularly used to deliver a casting that has abrasion resistant material at a particular location (or locations) using a destructible model of the desired cast product.
  • a destructible model of certain shape and size (which depend on the desired cast product) can be made by any of the known methods.
  • some successful methods for making destructible models are described in U.S. Patents 4,093,018, 4,462,453 and 4,691,754.
  • a mass of the abrasion resistant particles and the binder solution which consists of a mixture of water and PVA is made by mixing the particles into the binder solution.
  • the paste is then applied to the surface of the model, for example by spreading or in a similar manner, to those places where it is desired to impregnate the iron surface with the abrasion-resistant material.
  • a binder solution consisting of water and PVA can also be used.
  • a ceramic slurry can be used in a known manner as a separating layer can be applied to the entire model to prevent contact between the liquid metal and the sand mold, which can improve both the machinability and the surface finish of the product.
  • the model can subsequently be used to form a casting mold and subjected to a known metal casting process.
  • a sand casting process was e.g. B. described in the previously cited article by Hansen et al.
  • One method to increase contact time is to use a superheated liquid metal.
  • the liquid metal is overheated to a temperature above the liquidus line.
  • the metal is heated to a temperature that is preferably about 250 to 320 ° C above the liquidus line.
  • Another method for increasing the contact time between metal and carbide is to increase the casting volume and thus the ratio between the casting volume and the carbide area.
  • the casting volume is chosen so that the ratio of the casting volume to the area of the abrasion-resistant material is sufficient to ensure an increased contact time between the liquid metal and the abrasion-resistant material during the casting process. This will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the abrasion-resistant layer 1 is much less likely to flake off in casting A than in casting B because the larger volume of metal 2 in A requires a longer time to solidify. It has accordingly been found that when casting thin sections, for. B. B, expanding the cast beyond the required size (as indicated by the dashed lines) increases the time of contact between the carbide and the molten metal, thereby reducing the likelihood of chipping.
  • At least one depression or depression can be formed in the foam model before the composition with the abrasion-resistant particles is applied.
  • These depressions can be produced by a conventional mechanical method, such as milling, drilling or the like.
  • the depressions or troughs preferably have a depth of about 0.5 mm to about 3.0 mm, depending on the part or the amount of wear required.
  • the recess or trough can be filled with the mass containing the hard, wear-resistant particles, which ensures the exact position in the resulting casting.
  • the binder can first be introduced into the depression, complete wetting of the foam surface being achievable.
  • the wear-resistant material consisting of isolated parts can then be poured into the recess, where it settles and the recess is closely lined. Excess PVA water binder can then be wiped off with a suitable absorbent material. If desired, you can let the wear-resistant layer dry before coating with the ceramic slurry, e.g. B. at room temperature, but preferably at elevated temperatures, particularly preferably at about 60 ° C.
  • the model is then coated with the sludge and the casting with the metal is carried out in the manner already described.
  • disks are made from a powder of wear-resistant material and a binder with the aid of molds and then divided into required formats.
  • the wear-resistant material consisting of individual parts and the PVA water binder are mixed in a mold and evenly distributed. Excess binder can be removed using a suitable absorbent material.
  • the disc is then allowed to dry under suitable conditions, the disc partially setting.
  • the disk is preferably dried over a period of about 45 to about 75 minutes, particularly preferably over 60 minutes, in an oven or the like which is kept at a temperature between about 60 and 65 ° C., particularly preferably at 60 ° C. This makes the disc strong enough to be handled and cut into the desired pieces.
  • the cut pieces are dried under conditions which allow immediate use or storage for later use . Drying is preferably carried out in a temperature range between approximately 60 ° C. and approximately 65 ° C., particularly preferably at 60 ° C., and over a period of 8 to 24 hours, particularly preferably 24 hours.
  • a completely dried slice is softened on a non-flat surface before use. This is done e.g. B. by exposing the disc to steam for about 15 to 25 seconds.
  • the disks are deformable, they can be bent around a cylinder, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the deformed disks are then adhered or otherwise attached to the surface of the destructible model in a manner that does not adversely affect the casting of the desired product.
  • the pane can be glued to the destructible model using an aqueous solution of PVA or other suitable adhesive.
  • the aqueous PVA binder solution described above is particularly preferred as the adhesive material.
  • the manufacturing process for the disks (for example the formation of the disks from the particles and the binder) can be carried out at a location which is remote from the location of the casting process. This is an essential aspect for efficient mass production.
  • the method according to the invention can be used to produce iron products for a wide range of applications.
  • engine parts such as camshafts or eccentric rollers, agricultural equipment, field order tools, brakes, etc. can be manufactured.
  • Products made in accordance with the present invention are superior to known products because the bond between the wear resistant particles and the iron is more effective here.
  • the use of non-aqueous sludges can be dispensed with in the method according to the invention, as a result of which the associated safety risks are eliminated.
  • a PMMA model with a carbide disc attached is made by first removing the carbide and the PVA can be mixed in a rectangular shape and spread evenly. The excess binder is then removed using a suitable absorbent paper.
  • the disk and the mold are dried in an oven at a temperature of 60 ° C for 60 minutes to partially cure the binder. This will make the disc firm enough to continue using and cutting into pieces.
  • the partially hardened disc is cut with a sharp cutting edge into pieces of the desired shape and size, as shown, for example, in FIG. 2. These pieces are dried at 60 ° C for an additional 24 hours and then glued to the model using the PVA binder to form the desired model, as shown, for example, in FIG. 4.
  • the desired metal such as ductile iron
  • the desired metal is poured into the mold in a liquid state, which leads to evaporation of the model.
  • the model gas exits through the sand and the liquid metal fills the cavity left by the model.
  • the metal then hardens and forms an iron product in which a wear-resistant layer is impregnated.
  • Crushed carbide particles are then introduced into the wells and can settle.
  • the excess binder is wiped off and the layer is dried in a warm air oven at 60 ° C for 6 hours.
  • the dried model is then immersed in an aqueous ceramic slurry and swung out to remove excess sludge. Now the model is immediately placed in a warm air oven, where it is dried at 50 ° C for 16 hours.
  • Macrocrystalline, Kenface and KS-12 are trademarks of Kennametal, Inc. for tungsten carbide compositions.
  • sample pieces according to the present invention identified with sample numbers 1 to 18, were evaluated using rubber wheel rubbing tests with dry sand.
  • sample pieces were compared with comparison samples according to sample numbers 19 to 21, which contain 1020 steel, 1080 steel (hardened and tempered) and 1080 steel (hardened).
  • sample numbers 19 to 21 which contain 1020 steel, 1080 steel (hardened and tempered) and 1080 steel (hardened).
  • the results are shown in Table 2.
  • TABLE 2 Calculation of volume losses in dry sand rubber wheel abrasion tests: Material: cast metal melting core made of ductile iron with tungsten carbide and chrome carbide Pattern No. Reinforcement material Sample No.
  • spherical WC has the highest abrasion resistance (last column) of all carbide types tested, which is an order of magnitude higher than that of hardened and tempered steel. It also shows that although the spherical toilet was the best, all the sample pieces according to the invention were also good.
EP19900118921 1989-10-05 1990-10-04 Manufacturing process of casted articles with superficial wear resisting layer and product realised with the process Withdrawn EP0421374A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/417,306 US5027878A (en) 1989-10-05 1989-10-05 Method of impregnation of iron with a wear resistant material
US417306 1989-10-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0421374A2 true EP0421374A2 (fr) 1991-04-10
EP0421374A3 EP0421374A3 (en) 1992-04-29

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900118921 Withdrawn EP0421374A3 (en) 1989-10-05 1990-10-04 Manufacturing process of casted articles with superficial wear resisting layer and product realised with the process

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US (1) US5027878A (fr)
EP (1) EP0421374A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0685995B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2026918A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0554682A1 (fr) * 1992-01-21 1993-08-11 Deere & Company Procédé pour la fabrication des surfaces résistantes à l'abrasion
EP0554683A1 (fr) * 1992-01-21 1993-08-11 Deere & Company Procédé pour changer la surface des produits coulés par imprégnation de poudre
EP0807479A1 (fr) * 1996-05-17 1997-11-19 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce coulée en métal léger notamment un bloc de culasse pour un moteur à combustion
DE19958185A1 (de) * 1999-12-02 2001-06-07 Mahle Ventiltrieb Gmbh Verlorene Form zur Herstellung einer Zylinderlaufbuchse
DE10125615A1 (de) * 2001-05-25 2002-12-05 Mahle Gmbh Form und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines verlorenen Schaumstoffgußmodells für eine Leichtmetall-Laufbuchse
CN108453243A (zh) * 2018-04-10 2018-08-28 昆明理工大学 一种陶瓷金属复合材料制备方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5288353A (en) * 1992-01-21 1994-02-22 Deere & Company Method for forming a polymeric plastic product having a hard wear-resistant surface
US5863003A (en) 1995-07-26 1999-01-26 Smith; Leward M. Waste processing machine
AR007698A1 (es) * 1996-08-28 1999-11-10 Deere & Co Metodo para aportar dureza superficial a una superficie metalica y un lodo preparado por dicho metodo
US6298900B1 (en) * 1998-07-06 2001-10-09 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Method of integrating wear plates into a spray formed rapid tool
US6059210A (en) * 1999-01-20 2000-05-09 Smith; Leward N. Rotor assembly for a waste processing machine
US6305458B1 (en) * 1999-03-17 2001-10-23 Baker Hughes Incorporated Lost foam and sand cores stage manufacturing technology
GB2365025B (en) 2000-05-01 2004-09-15 Smith International Rotary cone bit with functionally-engineered composite inserts
US7657990B2 (en) * 2002-03-06 2010-02-09 Deere & Company Track chain link and undercarriage track roller having a metallurgically bonded coating
US6948784B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2005-09-27 Deere & Company Track pin bushing having a metallurgically bonded coating
US9616951B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2017-04-11 Deere & Company Non-carburized components of track-type machines having a metallurgically bonded coating
US9138805B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2015-09-22 Deere & Company Method for applying wear resistant coating to mechanical face seal
US8684475B2 (en) * 2002-03-06 2014-04-01 Deere & Company Components of track-type machines having a metallurgically bonded coating
US7163754B2 (en) * 2003-10-23 2007-01-16 Deere & Company Sprocket wheel having a metallurgically bonded coating and method for producing same
US9003681B2 (en) * 2006-09-18 2015-04-14 Deere & Company Bucket teeth having a metallurgically bonded coating and methods of making bucket teeth
US8136571B2 (en) * 2009-05-19 2012-03-20 Debruin Mark Carbidic outer edge ductile iron product, and as cast surface alloying process
DE102010013999A1 (de) * 2010-04-07 2011-10-13 Vautid Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines zumindest bereichsweise einen erhöhten Verschleißschutz aufweisenden Gusswerkstücks
JOP20200150A1 (ar) 2011-04-06 2017-06-16 Esco Group Llc قطع غيار بأوجه مقواه باستخدام عملية التقسية المصلدة والطريقة والتجميع المرافق للتصنيع
SG11201403315YA (en) 2012-01-31 2014-09-26 Esco Corp Wear resistant material and system and method of creating a wear resistant material
CN102615270B (zh) * 2012-04-09 2014-11-05 昆明理工大学 一种基材表面复合SiC颗粒的方法
US9283621B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2016-03-15 Deere & Company Method for forming a composite article
US9038359B2 (en) 2012-11-12 2015-05-26 Deere & Company Rotary implement having hard metallic layer and method therefor
US11103944B2 (en) 2019-08-12 2021-08-31 Deere & Company Self-sharpening cutting tooth for a felling apparatus
CN114807663B (zh) * 2022-04-28 2022-10-18 河北科技大学 氧化铝和碳化铬协同增强铁基复合材料蜗壳的制备方法

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EP0064411A1 (fr) * 1981-05-06 1982-11-10 John Phin Oliver Procédé de moulage d'un objet d'une pièce constitué d'un corps de métal de base et d'un ou de plusieurs corps plus petits d'un autre matériau qui y sont ancrés
US4423646A (en) * 1981-03-30 1984-01-03 N.C. Securities Holding, Inc. Process for producing a rotary drilling bit
US4691754A (en) * 1985-12-31 1987-09-08 Deere & Company Method for forming castings having inserts

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Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4423646A (en) * 1981-03-30 1984-01-03 N.C. Securities Holding, Inc. Process for producing a rotary drilling bit
EP0064411A1 (fr) * 1981-05-06 1982-11-10 John Phin Oliver Procédé de moulage d'un objet d'une pièce constitué d'un corps de métal de base et d'un ou de plusieurs corps plus petits d'un autre matériau qui y sont ancrés
US4691754A (en) * 1985-12-31 1987-09-08 Deere & Company Method for forming castings having inserts

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0554682A1 (fr) * 1992-01-21 1993-08-11 Deere & Company Procédé pour la fabrication des surfaces résistantes à l'abrasion
EP0554683A1 (fr) * 1992-01-21 1993-08-11 Deere & Company Procédé pour changer la surface des produits coulés par imprégnation de poudre
EP0807479A1 (fr) * 1996-05-17 1997-11-19 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce coulée en métal léger notamment un bloc de culasse pour un moteur à combustion
DE19958185A1 (de) * 1999-12-02 2001-06-07 Mahle Ventiltrieb Gmbh Verlorene Form zur Herstellung einer Zylinderlaufbuchse
US6732632B1 (en) 1999-12-02 2004-05-11 Mahle Ventiltrieb Gmbh Lost mould for producing a cylindrical bushing sleeve
DE10125615A1 (de) * 2001-05-25 2002-12-05 Mahle Gmbh Form und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines verlorenen Schaumstoffgußmodells für eine Leichtmetall-Laufbuchse
US7172011B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2007-02-06 Mahle Gmbh Method for the production of a lost-foam casting model for a light metal cylinder liner
CN108453243A (zh) * 2018-04-10 2018-08-28 昆明理工大学 一种陶瓷金属复合材料制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2026918A1 (fr) 1991-04-06
JPH03210960A (ja) 1991-09-13
JPH0685995B2 (ja) 1994-11-02
US5027878A (en) 1991-07-02
EP0421374A3 (en) 1992-04-29

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