EP0537175B1 - Magnetventil - Google Patents

Magnetventil Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0537175B1
EP0537175B1 EP91909626A EP91909626A EP0537175B1 EP 0537175 B1 EP0537175 B1 EP 0537175B1 EP 91909626 A EP91909626 A EP 91909626A EP 91909626 A EP91909626 A EP 91909626A EP 0537175 B1 EP0537175 B1 EP 0537175B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
electromagnet
spring
coupling
solenoid valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91909626A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0537175A1 (de
Inventor
Helmut Rembold
Ernst Linder
Martin Müller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0537175A1 publication Critical patent/EP0537175A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0537175B1 publication Critical patent/EP0537175B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F02M59/46—Valves
    • F02M59/466—Electrically operated valves, e.g. using electromagnetic or piezoelectric operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/30—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/30—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped
    • F02M2200/304—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped using hydraulic means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solenoid valve for controlling the flow opening of a connecting line, which in particular carries fuel as a fluid, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a solenoid valve known from FR-A 2 171 342
  • the armature is designed as a coupling member and has an axial blind bore, which is flanged at its outlet at the edge and holds a spring plate with this border as a coupling member, which springs from that in the blind bore clamped coupling spring is acted upon.
  • valve member is acted upon axially in the direction of the coupling member by a return spring and is held in contact with the spring plate in such a way that the valve member follows the armature when the armature or the coupling member is tightened against a return spring.
  • the electromagnet When the electromagnet is not energized, the armature is reset by the return spring and the valve member with its sealing surface is pressed onto a conical seat, the armature of the coupling member being lifted from the flanged edge of the blind bore in the coupling member against the force of the coupling spring by the valve member as the armature moves further can.
  • the coupling spring provided there has a greater rigidity than the return spring and is one of them determines to compensate for possible path differences between the armature and valve member and thus to offer the possibility of allowing higher tolerances in the manufacture of the solenoid valve or different temperature expansions of the individual parts and yet providing a high closing force.
  • valve bouncing can also be mitigated by the measure of elastic coupling between armature and valve member known from the prior art, in that a constant closing force comes into effect when the valve member is in contact with its valve seat, such a valve is still in need of improvement. In particular, oscillating movements of the coupling spring can also occur with this valve.
  • the solenoid valve with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that the compression of the coupling spring after lifting the support part from its stop is damped by the federal government, so that the increase in force in the closing direction takes place immediately after the sealing surface of the valve member on the valve seat and accordingly the tendency of the valve closing member to bounce is further reduced.
  • the valve member has a short flight time during the opening movement because the armature and the coupling member were pre-accelerated before the valve part was taken along. As a result, the influence of flow forces on the valve seat on the movement of the valve member is small and the quantity of the injected fuel is also small.
  • the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the figure, which represents an embodiment.
  • the figure shows the solenoid valve in longitudinal section.
  • This has a two-part valve housing 1, consisting of a metallic valve block 2 and a cap 3 placed thereon.
  • the cap covers a recess 4 in the end face of the valve block 2, which is provided with an internal thread 5 and from which a guide bore 6 axially extends through the valve block leads.
  • This guide bore 6 is designed as a stepped bore with a stepped bore part 8 of reduced diameter, which has a conical shoulder at the transition to the guide bore 6 and forms a valve seat 9 there.
  • the exit of the stepped bore part 8 from the valve block 6 opens into a collecting space 10 which is formed in a lower cover 11 which is tightly connected to the valve block 6 and from which a leakage connection 12 leads away.
  • the collecting space 10 is connected to the recess 5 via a compensating bore 14 lying parallel to the guide bore 6.
  • a fluid line 17 opens into the guide bore 6 via a first annular groove 16 in the guide bore wall on the side of the annular valve seat 9 facing the recess 4. B. from a pump workspace of a fuel injection pump.
  • a second annular groove 18 is provided axially below in the stepped bore part 8, from which the further part of the fluid line 17 leads away.
  • a valve closing member 20 is tightly displaceable, which is hollow-cylindrical and has an annular shoulder 21 on its circumference with a sealing surface which can be brought into tight contact with the valve seat 9.
  • the hollow cylindrical valve member is open towards the side of the collecting space and has an inwardly projecting collar 23 towards the side of the recess which is pressed by a coupling spring 24 onto the head 25 of a screw 26 inserted into the valve closing element 20 from the side of the collecting space 10 becomes.
  • the screw 26 is axially screwed into a coupling member 28 which is tightly guided in the recess-side part of the guide bore and with its end face 29 facing the valve member within the guide bore 6 serves to abut a spring plate 30 of the coupling spring 24 which is supported here.
  • the preload of the coupling spring, with which it holds the valve member 20 on the head 25 of the screw, is thus defined via the screw-in depth of the screw 26.
  • the coupling member protrudes into the recess 4 and there has a damping collar 32 which can be brought into contact with the end face 34 of the recess 4 with its end face 33 facing the valve member.
  • the coupling member 28 is of multi-part design and has an axial threaded pocket bore 36, which enters from the side of the recess and into which an anchor 37 is screwed and clamps the inner edge 38 of a plate spring firmly and tightly.
  • the Belleville washer is coated with sealing material on the side of the end face 34 of the recess 4.
  • a spring washer with punched-out spring arms can also be used, and a sealing washer or membrane can be provided on the side of the spring or the washer facing the valve member.
  • the outer edge of the sealing washer or the coated plate spring rests on a round cord seal 41 which is embedded in a recess 42 in the end face 34.
  • an eyebolt 44 screwed into the thread 5 of the recess engages on the side of the outer edge 40 facing away from the round cord seal 41.
  • the plate spring 39 or the sealing disk or membrane subdivide the recess 4 into a magnet-side space 50 and a valve member-side space 51, which is now sealed off from the magnet-side space, so that this and the collecting space leaking fluid, for. B. fuel, which can be discharged via leak port 12.
  • This keeps the electromagnet free of fuel, which may have a corrosive effect on the metal parts and could affect the functionality of the electromagnet.
  • the compensating bore 14 ensures the free movement of the spring and the coupling member with valve member 20.
  • the end face of the core 48 is covered with a thin metal layer, so that regardless of the coercive force, there is a small resonance force and a robust stop surface on the magnetic core is achieved.
  • the valve member 20 Due to the plate spring, which is stronger than the coupling spring 24, the valve member 20 is held in the closed position shown or brought into this closed position after the magnet has dropped.
  • the valve member 20 is slightly raised from the head 25 so that the Closing force of the plate spring 39 reaches the closing member 20 via the coupling spring preload. If the solenoid valve is to be opened, the winding 47 is excited and the armature 37 is consequently attracted, counter to the force of the plate spring 39, which is supported on the eyebolt 44. In this process, the collar 23 of the closing member 20 comes into contact with the head 25 again and is carried along by this together with the armature 37 and the coupling member 38 rigidly connected to it.
  • the shoulder 21 of the valve member then lifts off the seat 9 and allows a flow connection between the parts of the fluid line 17 via a circumferential recess 53 on the valve closing member 20 to the side of the collecting space 10.
  • the valve closing member is essentially pressure-balanced. If the solenoid valve is to be brought into the closed position, the excitation of the electromagnet is interrupted and the plate spring 39 carries out the closing movement. First, the coupling member 28 moves with the plate spring in the closing direction together with the valve member 20 until it comes into contact with the valve seat 9. In the subsequent movement, the collar 23 lifts off the head 25, so that the coupling spring is compressed and the increase in closing force which acts on the closing element is determined by the increase in the preload of the coupling spring.
  • the damping collar 32 approaches the end face 34, so that the movement in the closing direction of the coupling member 25 is slowed down and the closing force is increased in a damped manner until its final value is reached when the damping collar 32 is applied to the end face 34.
  • This ensures that the solenoid valve closes securely and prevents the valve member from opening again briefly when the force is suddenly applied and thus rebounding from the valve seat during the closing process.
  • the moving mass is kept small by the elastic coupling between the coupling member 28 and the closing member 20, and it is for this reason that the damping surface on the damping collar 32 can be formed in a sufficient size.
  • the damping is improved by the fact that there is a fuel filling in the valve member-side space, which the displacement by the damping collar 32 has a greater resistance than z. B. opposed air.
  • the restoring force of the plate spring 39 served as the closing force.
  • the magnetic force is used as the closing force against an opening spring acting in the opening direction.
  • the principle of the invention is shown using the exemplary embodiment and can be implemented in various embodiments.
  • the closing spring or opening spring and magnet can also act on different sides of the valve closing element with a corresponding variation in the design.
  • a vice spring clamped z. B. act in the opening direction and act an upside down electromagnet with axial implementation of an actuating rod in the closing direction.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
EP91909626A 1990-06-30 1991-05-25 Magnetventil Expired - Lifetime EP0537175B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4020951A DE4020951A1 (de) 1990-06-30 1990-06-30 Magnetventil
DE4020951 1990-06-30
PCT/DE1991/000436 WO1992000479A1 (de) 1990-06-30 1991-05-25 Magnetventil

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0537175A1 EP0537175A1 (de) 1993-04-21
EP0537175B1 true EP0537175B1 (de) 1995-08-02

Family

ID=6409458

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91909626A Expired - Lifetime EP0537175B1 (de) 1990-06-30 1991-05-25 Magnetventil

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5370355A (cs)
EP (1) EP0537175B1 (cs)
JP (1) JP3004354B2 (cs)
CZ (1) CZ280232B6 (cs)
DE (2) DE4020951A1 (cs)
ES (1) ES2077229T3 (cs)
RU (1) RU2068521C1 (cs)
WO (1) WO1992000479A1 (cs)

Families Citing this family (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5232196A (en) * 1992-03-31 1993-08-03 Ldi Pneutronics Corporation Proportional solenoid controlled valve
EP0834013B1 (en) * 1995-06-23 2002-10-09 Diesel Technology Company Fuel pump
IT1276503B1 (it) * 1995-07-14 1997-10-31 Elasis Sistema Ricerca Fiat Perfezionamenti ad una valvola di dosaggio a comando elettromagnetico, per un iniettore di combustibile.
JP3701367B2 (ja) * 1996-02-22 2005-09-28 Ｓｍｃ株式会社 ポペット弁
US5961097A (en) * 1996-12-17 1999-10-05 Caterpillar Inc. Electromagnetically actuated valve with thermal compensation
DE19705431A1 (de) * 1997-02-13 1998-08-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Rückhaltesystem
DE19716220B4 (de) * 1997-04-18 2007-08-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kraftstoffeinspritzeinheit für Brennkraftmaschinen
IT1292771B1 (it) * 1997-06-16 1999-02-11 Elasis Sistema Ricerca Fiat Dispositivo di collegamento rapido di un connettore di riflusso con un iniettore di combustibile per motori a combustione interna
JP3753253B2 (ja) * 1998-02-23 2006-03-08 三菱電機株式会社 制御弁装置
DE19820341C2 (de) 1998-05-07 2000-04-06 Daimler Chrysler Ag Betätigungsvorrichtung für eine Hochdruck-Einspritzdüse für flüssige Einspritzmedien
US6109541A (en) * 1998-07-23 2000-08-29 Caterpillar Inc. Apparatus for reducing the bounce of a poppet valve
DE19839522C1 (de) 1998-08-29 1999-12-30 Daimler Chrysler Ag Für eine Brennkraftmaschine vorgesehene Steckpumpe mit integriertem Magnetventil
DE19923422C2 (de) * 1999-05-21 2003-05-08 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektronisches Einspritzsystem
US6250329B1 (en) * 1999-08-30 2001-06-26 Ardishir Rashidi Snap open pressure relief valve
DE10016599A1 (de) * 1999-11-16 2001-05-17 Continental Teves Ag & Co Ohg Elektromagnetventil
US6776391B1 (en) 1999-11-16 2004-08-17 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Electromagnet valve
DE10112661A1 (de) * 2001-03-16 2002-09-19 Bosch Gmbh Robert Magnetventil
DE10148219B4 (de) * 2001-09-28 2007-05-16 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren, Computerprogram und Steuer-und/oder Regelgerät für eine Brennkraftmaschine, sowie Brennkraftmaschine
DE10308482B4 (de) * 2002-02-26 2006-11-09 Kendrion Binder Magnete Gmbh Elektromagnetventil
DE10209527A1 (de) 2002-03-04 2003-09-25 Bosch Gmbh Robert Einrichtung zur druckmodulierten Formung des Einspritzverlaufes
JP3843915B2 (ja) * 2002-08-29 2006-11-08 株式会社ノーリツ 燃焼装置
DE102008030453A1 (de) * 2008-06-26 2010-01-14 Hydac Electronic Gmbh Betätigungsvorrichtung
ES2647298T3 (es) 2014-09-19 2017-12-20 Danfoss A/S Válvula solenoide
DE102022128756A1 (de) * 2022-10-28 2024-05-08 Norgren Gmbh Elektromechanisches Ventil

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2343806A (en) * 1941-08-20 1944-03-07 Square D Co Valve
US2697581A (en) * 1949-02-14 1954-12-21 Gen Controls Co Electromagnetically operated valve with adjustable opening
US2650617A (en) * 1950-09-07 1953-09-01 Missouri Automatic Contr Corp Electromagnetic valve
US2827923A (en) * 1954-08-30 1958-03-25 N G N Electrical Ltd Magnetically operated valves
US2980139A (en) * 1956-10-10 1961-04-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Two-way valve
US3575199A (en) * 1968-11-04 1971-04-20 Reef Baker Corp Automatic condensate valve
DE2051166A1 (de) * 1970-02-09 1971-08-19 Magdeburger Armaturenwerke Dampfungsvorrichtung insbesondere fur Kegel indirekt gesteuerter Magnetven
IT947485B (it) * 1972-02-10 1973-05-21 Sirai S R L Soc Italiana Regol Valvola in particolare ad aziona mento elettromagnetico
DE2262247A1 (de) * 1972-12-20 1974-06-27 Teves Gmbh Alfred Elektromagnetisches ventil
JPS5847338Y2 (ja) * 1974-07-27 1983-10-28 株式会社ナブコ 電磁式流体圧力制御弁
US3995813A (en) * 1974-09-13 1976-12-07 Bart Hans U Piezoelectric fuel injector valve
FR2372501A1 (fr) * 1976-11-30 1978-06-23 Saunier Duval Montage de l'armature d'un mecanisme de securite electromagnetique
DE2739085A1 (de) * 1977-08-30 1979-03-08 Technologieforschung Gmbh Magnetventil
DE3240959A1 (de) * 1981-11-11 1983-05-19 Lucas Industries P.L.C., Birmingham, West Midlands Fluidsteuerventil
GB8305408D0 (en) * 1983-02-26 1983-03-30 Lucas Ind Plc Fluid control valves
EP0128124B1 (en) * 1984-04-10 1988-10-19 WEBER S.r.l. Electromagnetically-controlled valve, suitable for controlling an additional air flow in a feed equipment for an internal combustion engine
DE3928613A1 (de) * 1989-08-30 1991-03-07 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektromagnetisches schaltventil

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1992000479A1 (de) 1992-01-09
US5370355A (en) 1994-12-06
CZ280232B6 (cs) 1995-12-13
EP0537175A1 (de) 1993-04-21
DE4020951A1 (de) 1992-01-02
JPH05508209A (ja) 1993-11-18
JP3004354B2 (ja) 2000-01-31
RU2068521C1 (ru) 1996-10-27
CS197291A3 (en) 1992-02-19
DE59106170D1 (de) 1995-09-07
ES2077229T3 (es) 1995-11-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0537175B1 (de) Magnetventil
EP0195261B1 (de) Magnetventil, insbesondere Kraftstoffmengensteuerventil
EP0897469B1 (de) Magnetventil
EP0203453B1 (de) Elektromagnetventil
DE69115923T2 (de) Brennstoffeinspritzdüse mit einem kugelförmigen ventilstössel
DE19757475C2 (de) Servogesteuertes Magnetventil
EP0050711B1 (de) Elektrisch ansteuerbare Ventileinrichtung
DE19932548A1 (de) Dualelektromagneten mit einer Einzelschaltung und Brennstoffeinspritzvorrichtung, die diese anwendet
DE10321413B4 (de) Elektromagnetisch betätigbares Ventil
EP0182109B1 (de) Magnetventil zur Fluidsteuerung
DE4337070A1 (de) Solenoidventil
DE1922709A1 (de) Elektromagnetisch betaetigtes Einspritzventil
EP0975866B1 (de) Kraftstoffeinspritzventil für brennkraftmaschinen
DE3500449C2 (cs)
DE10131199A1 (de) Magnetventil zur Steuerung eines Einspritzventils einer Brennkraftmaschine
EP1570170A1 (de) Brennstoffeinspritzventil
EP0793004B1 (de) Elektromagnetische Ventilbetätigung
CH672358A5 (cs)
DE10051016A1 (de) Brennstoffeinspritzventil
DE3501193A1 (de) Kraftstoffeinspritzventil
DE19936943A1 (de) Brennstoffeinspritzventil
EP4077905B1 (de) Kraftstoffinjektor zur einspritzung von kraftstoff
DE3536828A1 (de) Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung mit einem elektromagnetischen steuerventil zwischen einspritzpumpe und einspritzduese
DE2711140A1 (de) Elektromagnetisch betaetigbares ventil
DE3439671A1 (de) Elektromagnetisch getaktetes einspritzventil fuer gemischverdichtende brennkraftmaschinen

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19921125

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19941208

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT

ET Fr: translation filed
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59106170

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19950907

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19951010

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2077229

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20040510

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20040519

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20040520

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20040712

Year of fee payment: 14

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050525

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050525

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050526

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20051201

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20050525

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20060131

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20060131

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20050526