EP0523099A1 - Procede pour la fabrication d'agents de lavage et de nettoyage. - Google Patents

Procede pour la fabrication d'agents de lavage et de nettoyage.

Info

Publication number
EP0523099A1
EP0523099A1 EP91906811A EP91906811A EP0523099A1 EP 0523099 A1 EP0523099 A1 EP 0523099A1 EP 91906811 A EP91906811 A EP 91906811A EP 91906811 A EP91906811 A EP 91906811A EP 0523099 A1 EP0523099 A1 EP 0523099A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
granules
weight
premix
bar
compacts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91906811A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0523099B1 (fr
Inventor
Wilfried Dr Raehse
Jochen Dr Jacobs
Hans Kruse
Guenther Dr Vogt
Eduard Dr Smulders
Monika Dr Boecker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel AG and Co KGaA filed Critical Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Publication of EP0523099A1 publication Critical patent/EP0523099A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0523099B1 publication Critical patent/EP0523099B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
    • C11D11/0082—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents one or more of the detergent ingredients being in a liquefied state, e.g. slurry, paste or melt, and the process resulting in solid detergent particles such as granules, powders or beads
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
    • C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
    • C11D17/0073—Tablets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
    • C11D17/065—High-density particulate detergent compositions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing detergents and cleaners for household and commercial use which are in the form of portioned compacts.
  • the invention further relates to these washing and cleaning agents, which are in the form of portioned compacts.
  • the elements essential to the invention are shown below using the example of textile detergents. However, the teaching according to the invention is not restricted to this specific field of application.
  • the portioned compact not only has to be stable in storage for a considerable period of time, it must also be able to withstand sufficient stability against impact and shock stress without decay during the same period of time, as is usually the case, for example, during transport as a standard stress or when it is accidentally dropped can occur in the handling.
  • the compact In practical use, however, the compact must dissolve quickly and reliably under the influence of the washing water in the way that the consumer is used to using powder detergents which are commercially available today. It must be ensured that the complete dissolution of the compacted portion, which is large compared to the powder particle, actually takes place in the time periods specified by the machine washing process.
  • German patent application 14 67 564 (Colgate) describes a process for producing detergent tablets, in which a finely divided detergent with a high silicate content is produced, mixed with water and under a low pressure of about 0.2 bar to about 1.8 bar to form a tablet is compressed.
  • German patent application 33 15 950 teaches that detergent tablets with good mechanical strength and high dissolution rate are obtained if the strongly alkaline constituents are first granulated during their production and then optionally with the addition of tabletting aids, for example sodium acetate, citrate or Tartrate, pressed. Conventional eccentric and rotary presses are suitable for this.
  • bleaches containing active chlorine can be produced by first extruding a moist mass and then granulating in a granulating device or rounding in a marizer. After a drying process, the granules thus obtained are pressed into the portioned form using conventional tableting machines.
  • the usual tablet presses include those which are described, for example, in German patent application 15 02 303, in German utility model 88 16064.5 or in US Pat. Nos. 3,371,136, 3337915 and 3118183.
  • European patent application 328880 (Colgate) describes the production of detergents based on surfactants and associated hydratable builder substances in extruded strand or rod form, and also describes that products obtained from these extrudates obtained from the strands by gently pressing them into "Patty form" can be produced.
  • the dimensions of the portioned compact are dimensioned such that a tablet - possibly also about half a tablet - meets the detergent requirements of a machine washing process.
  • the teaching of this document describes the various difficulties just indicated above for the form of such portioned offerings Laundry detergent.
  • the object of the invention was to produce a washing and cleaning agent in the form of a portioned compact which has a good shelf life while maintaining high shock and impact resistance, without the need to wrap the compact in a water vapor-tight film.
  • the compact should disintegrate quickly upon contact with an aqueous phase, such as when used in a washing and cleaning liquor.
  • the invention accordingly relates in a first embodiment to a process for the production of detergents and cleaning agents in the form of portioned compacts, with compressed granules being pressed into these portioned compacts.
  • the preparation of the "compressed granules" used according to the invention is the content of the older application DE 3926 253.
  • a homogeneous premix is then strand-shaped with the addition of a plasticizer and / or lubricant via hole shapes with predetermined opening widths at high pressures between 25 and 200 bar pressed.
  • the strand is cut to the predetermined pellet dimension immediately after exiting the hole shape by means of a cutting device.
  • the application of the high working pressure causes the plasticization of the Premix in the formation of granules and ensures the cutting ability of the freshly extruded strands.
  • the premix consists at least in part of solid, preferably finely divided, usual ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents, to which liquid constituents are optionally added.
  • the solid contents can be tower powders obtained by spray drying, but also agglomerates, which are the mixture components chosen in each case as pure substances which are mixed with one another in a finely divided state, and also mixtures of agglomerates and tower powders.
  • the liquid ingredients are optionally added and then the plasticizer and / or lubricant selected according to the invention is mixed in.
  • plasticizers and / or lubricants used as auxiliaries can be flowable, gel-like or pasty at room temperature without the need to use an additional liquid phase.
  • Preferred plasticizers and / or lubricants are preparations based on surfactant components and / or on the basis of water-soluble or water-emulsifiable or water-dispersible polymer compounds. Examples of a plasticizer and / or lubricant that are used without the use of an additional liquid phase are numerous types of the non-ionic surfactants commonly used in detergents and cleaning agents.
  • plasticizers and / or lubricants are used which have been produced using limited amounts of auxiliary liquids.
  • Organic liquid phases which are water-soluble or water-miscible are preferably used here.
  • aqueous preparations of the plasticizers and / or lubricants are preferred.
  • the surfactants and / or polymer compounds used as plasticizers and / or lubricants are advantageously introduced into the process in such a concentrated form that the nature of the plastic, slidably compressible mass can be adjusted even with small amounts of these auxiliaries. They are preferably used in pasty form and in amounts not exceeding 12% by weight, in particular in amounts between 0.5 and 10% by weight, and particularly advantageously between 3 to 8% by weight, based on the mixture as a whole . At least 30% by weight, preferably at least 40% by weight pastes and gels are particularly suitable.
  • surfactant preparations with a surfactant content of at least 50% by weight, in particular from 50 to 70% by weight, are used.
  • these highly concentrated aqueous surfactant mixtures show a state that can be described as a pasty or gel-like preparation form with a lubricant character.
  • these surfactant components form binder-like cover and intermediate layers which are jointly responsible for the cohesion of the granules.
  • Anionic surfactant salts in particular sulfates and sulfonates, from the wide range of compounds proposed here for detergents and cleaning agents, which may be used together with customary nonionic compounds, can be of particular importance.
  • An example in the production of textile detergents is a mixture of at least two powder components (tower powder / carrier bead) with or without the addition of sodium perborate (monohydrate and / or tetrahydrate) with the addition of 2 to 5% by weight of water and 4 to 8% by weight of a 55 to 65% by weight Cg-Ci3-alkylbenzenesulfonate paste (ABS paste).
  • Equally preferred is the use of 3 to 8% by weight of a 50 to 60% by weight aqueous paste of an alkyl polyglycoside (APG) of the general formula R0 (G) x , in which R is a primary straight-chain or in 2- Position ethyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms, G is a symbol which represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, and the degree of oligomerization x is between 1 and 10.
  • APG alkyl polyglycoside
  • plasticizers and / or lubricants based on surfactants are mixtures of ABS and APG pastes, and mixtures of APG: ethoxylated fatty alcohol: Water in a ratio of 0.5-1: 1-1.5: 1, in which case the APG content is calculated as an active substance and not as a paste.
  • polymer compounds in numerous detergents and cleaning agents is common today, since the polymer compounds act, for example, as a structural substance with the ability to bind water hardness.
  • polymers containing carboxyl groups which can also be found in the salt form e.g. can be present as alkali salt, such as the sodium or potassium salts of homopolymeric or copolymeric polycarboxylates, for example polyacrylates, polymethacrylate and in particular copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid, preferably those composed of 50% to 10% maleic acid.
  • the relative molecular weight of the homopolymers is generally between 1,000 and 100,000, that of the copolymers between 2,000 and 200,000, preferably 50,000 to 120,000, based on the free acid.
  • Suitable, albeit less preferred, compounds of this class are copolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with vinyl ethers, such as vinyl methyl ethers, vinyl esters, acrylamide or methacrylamide, ethylene, popylene and styrene, in which the proportion of the acid is at least 50% .
  • polymer compounds are also used to improve the dirt-carrying capacity of an aqueous washing liquor. Examples of this are carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and / or methyl cellulose (MC).
  • aqueous preparation forms of these polymer compounds are distinguished, like the surfactant preparations, by a pronounced lubricating character.
  • these polymer components dry out during the formation of the granulate to form polymer films which, on the one hand, promote the cohesion of the grain and, on the other hand, easily change back to the state of the solution or emulsion or dispersion when added in aqueous media in particular. It is particularly preferred to use 3 to 8% by weight of a 30 to 50% by weight solution of a polymeric salt, in particular a copolymeric salt of acrylic acid and maleic acid, in water as plasticizers and / or lubricants.
  • liquid phase (s) are used that, when they are simply mixed, a free-flowing, powdery structure of the premix is retained even after the addition of the plasticizer and / or lubricant.
  • the content of the respective substance mixture of free water not bound as crystal water or in a comparable form in this processing stage is preferably up to 12% by weight, preferably up to 10% by weight and in particular in the range from about 4 to 8% by weight. Included in this amount is the proportion of water which is introduced via the plasticizing aid with a lubricating character.
  • further solids can also be added to the premix after the addition of the plasticizer and / or lubricant.
  • the total mass is briefly mixed in, a solid and preferably free-flowing premix being obtained which is suitable for feeding a homogenization system.
  • Kneaders of any configuration for example 2-screw kneaders, can preferably be selected as the homogenizing device.
  • the intensive mixing process can already lead to the desired temperature increase.
  • Moderately elevated temperatures of, for example, a maximum of about 60 to 70 ° C. are generally not exceeded.
  • the premix is mixed and kneaded so intensively that the previously solid and dry mixture appears to be compressed, plastified and form-compressible Mass is worked up. At the same time, the cutting ability of the homogenized mixture is ensured.
  • the free-flowing premix is preferably fed continuously to a 2-screw kneader (extruder), the housing and the extruder granulation head of which are heated to the predetermined extrusion temperature, for example to 40 to 60 ° C.
  • extruder 2-screw kneader
  • the premix is compressed, plasticized at pressures from 50 to 200 bar, in particular at pressures from 80 to 180 bar, extruded in the form of fine strands through the perforated die plate in the extruder head, and finally the extrudate is removed by means of a rotating knife preferably comminuted to spherical to cylindrical granules.
  • the hole diameter in the perforated nozzle plate and the strand cut length are matched to the selected granule dimension.
  • the production of granules of an essentially uniformly predeterminable particle size succeeds.
  • Absolute particle sizes can be, for example, in the range from a few tenths of a millimeter to a few centimeters, for example in the range from approximately 0.3 mm to 1 to 2 cm. In general, however, particle diameters of up to at most 0.8 cm, for example in the range from 0.5 to 5 mm and in particular in the range from approximately 0.8 to 3 ⁇ m, will be preferred.
  • the length / diameter ratio of the chipped primary granulate is preferably in the range from about 1: 1 to about 3: 1.
  • the granulation is not restricted to the processing of the plasticized premix via extruder screws and perforated plates of the type described, which are arranged in the extruder head.
  • Even conventional pellet presses and similar granulation devices can be used to granulate, according to the invention, plasticized, compressed and homogenized mixtures of materials to give compressed primary granules.
  • Suitable powders can be the usual ingredients of washing and cleaning agents.
  • a suitable ingredient is, for example, zeolite powder in detergent quality, for example corresponding zeolite NaA powder.
  • finely powdered inorganic or organic additives come into consideration, for example with the ability to swell and / or Gas formation in the aqueous phase, which are effective as disintegrants, and / or cold-soluble components, which promote the rapid penetration of the aqueous phase into the portioned compact.
  • the use of microcrystalline cellulose has proven particularly useful here. Details of this will be given later.
  • the mixing in of these powders can be carried out in conventional mixing devices or commercially available rounding devices in which the granules obtain a spherical or at least approximately spherical shape by rounding off the edges present.
  • Preferred rounding devices have a rotating base plate, the desired degree of rounding being able to be set by varying the residence time of the granules in the rounding device and / or the speed of rotation of the plate.
  • the primary granulate is preferably fed to a drying step, for example a fluidized bed dryer, in which, at moderately raised supply air temperatures, in particular up to a maximum of 80 ° C., moderate product end temperatures of, for example, between 55 to 60 ° C. are set, but then also not be exceeded.
  • a drying step for example a fluidized bed dryer, in which, at moderately raised supply air temperatures, in particular up to a maximum of 80 ° C., moderate product end temperatures of, for example, between 55 to 60 ° C. are set, but then also not be exceeded.
  • the product is cooled with cold air, for example.
  • Preferred residual amounts of unbound water are up to about 1% by weight, preferably in the range from about 0.1 to 0.5% by weight.
  • the resulting very low-dust product can be classified, for example sieved, to remove small coarse particles formed.
  • the proportion of grain to be set according to the invention is generally above 90%, preferably above 95%, of the granulated material.
  • the "internal drying" of the granules is also possible: by using moisture-binding components in the premix, the plasticizing effect of the liquid components presented can be exploited in the short processing time; Then, by binding at least partial portions of these liquid portions through the mixed-in components, the granules are dried "from the inside out", so that the external drying can be shortened or not at all.
  • Components which are able to bind water in the form of water of crystallization are, for example, sodium sulfate and / or sodium carbonate in anhydrous or low-water form or else a zeolite partially freed from water of crystallization.
  • the primarily formed and still plastic granules can be acted upon before, during and / or after a rounding off, if appropriate, with further active ingredients.
  • sensitive, in particular temperature-sensitive, formulation constituents can also be added to the dried granulate, e.g. sprayed on and / or mixed in as separately formed granules to form a multigrain mixture.
  • sensitive formulation components such as bleach, activators for bleach, enzymes, defoamers, in particular silicone defoamers, perfume and the like, can be added to the compressed granules before the final portioning compression.
  • these are temperature-sensitive substances which are used in amounts below 20% by weight, preferably below 10% by weight and in particular below 5% by weight, based in each case on the mixture as a whole .
  • Bleaching agents such as perborate can also be incorporated into the compacted granulate according to the teaching of German patent application 39 26 253.
  • more than 60% by weight and in particular more than 70% by weight of the total mixture are compacted granules obtained by this process.
  • granulate systems are used which represent a combination of compressed granules of different compositions.
  • the storage-stable combination of potentially reactive or at least only partially compatible components is achieved.
  • Selected and, in particular, components which are compatible with one another are transferred into the compacted granules and then combined with other compacted granules before the portioned compact is formed, without the risk of undesired reactions during storage and distribution of the compact.
  • An example of this are conventional textile detergents, but in the new preparation form, however, at least two types of granules are now mixed with one another deploy.
  • the bleaching agent component in particular perborate and sodium carbonate containing water of crystallization, is pelletized with the use of a proportion of the plasticizers and / or lubricants, in a separate second granulate the zeolite used as detergent builder substance, in particular zeolite NaA in detergent quality with the rest the detergent constituents are pressed. Interactions between perborate and zeolite which have a substantial influence on the storage stability of the mixed product - as are to be taken into account in powdery formulations - are excluded in this way.
  • the density and thus also the bulk density of the granules is decisively determined by the working pressures used when the homogenized material is pressed through the perforated plates.
  • bulk densities of significantly above 700 g / 1, preferably above 750 g / 1 and in particular in the range from approximately 800 to approximately 1000 g / 1 can be achieved.
  • bulk weights in the range from 850 to 980 g / l can be set on the basis of commercially available textile detergent formulations, with good free-flowing properties and a preferably homogeneous, uniform spherical grain structure.
  • free-flowing granules have been produced in the dry state with a uniform bulk density of 950 to 980 g / l with an average particle size of the spherical granules in the range of approximately 1 mm.
  • the pressure used in portioning compression is preferably in the range from 1 to 300 bar (10 to 3000 N / cm 2 ), advantageously in the range from 5 to 200 bar (50 to 2000 N / cm 2 ) and in particular between 10 and 150 bar (100 up to 1500 N / cm 2 ).
  • the pressing conditions are usually to be optimized to the setting of the desired solubility of the portioned compact, while at the same time having sufficient strength or hardness of the compact. It applies in a manner known per se that higher pressures bring about a reduction in the rate of dissolution of the compact in water.
  • Preferred compacts have a breaking strength of at least 55 N and in particular between 60 to 120 N.
  • primary granules are used, the composition of which is distinguished in particular by different surfactant contents. It may be expedient to use mixtures which on the one hand contain nonionic surfactant-containing granules and on the other hand granules which are at least largely free of nonionic surfactants and, for example, essentially contain anionic surfactants as plasticizers. Presses of this type often disintegrate more rapidly than comparable products, the non-surfactant content of which is distributed over the entire granular material.
  • the granules or the granulate mixtures are usually compressed at room temperature or at best slightly elevated temperatures, for example in the temperature range up to about 50.degree.
  • the pressing is preferably carried out in the range of room temperature, that is to say in the range from approximately 18 to 30 ° C.
  • the duration of the pressing process is determined by the machine type selected in each case. It is usually less than 1 minute and is usually in the range of a few seconds or even significantly less.
  • the density set in the molding compound during the shaping portioning compression is determined by the specified densities of the insert material, the choice of any non-granulated mixture components used and the conditions of the molding compression.
  • Portioned compacts in the sense of the invention show densities which correspond at least approximately to the granulate density from the first process stage, but are as a rule significantly higher. Density values (in g / cwß) above 1 and in particular above 1.1 to almost the theoretical density of the multi-substance mixture are characteristic Dimensions. In the field of high-performance universal detergents for textiles, portioned compacts with densities in the range from approximately 1.2 to 1.5 can be produced without having to make any significant formulation deviations from commercially available products.
  • the portioned compacts can be manufactured in a predetermined spatial shape and size.
  • the portioned compacts can each be designed as separate individual elements that correspond to the predetermined dosage of the detergents and / or cleaning agents. It is also possible, however, to form compacts which connect a plurality of such mass units in one compact, the portioned smaller units being easy to separate, in particular by predetermined predetermined breaking points.
  • the portioned compacts as tablets, in cylinder or cuboid form can be expedient, with a diameter / height ratio in the range of about 0.5: 2 to 2: 0.5 is preferred.
  • Commercial hydraulic presses, eccentric presses or rotary presses are suitable devices, in particular for the production of such compacts.
  • portioned compacts can be tablet auxiliaries without their own action in the washing and cleaning process, but also additives which serve as dissolving or disintegration aids of the portioned compacts when exposed to an aqueous liquid phase and which preferably the primary granules after completion of the first Process step and before the portioning pressing in amounts of not more than 15% by weight and in particular not more than 10% by weight, based on the total compact, are added.
  • additives which serve as dissolving or disintegration aids of the portioned compacts when exposed to an aqueous liquid phase and which preferably the primary granules after completion of the first Process step and before the portioning pressing in amounts of not more than 15% by weight and in particular not more than 10% by weight, based on the total compact, are added.
  • Two classes are shown here by way of example only, which are referred to as disintegrants and / or as cold-soluble mixture components.
  • Disintegrants which promote the disintegration of the portioned compacts can be swellable components of an inorganic and / or organic nature.
  • Typical inorganic-based disintegrants are, for example, finely divided swellable sheet silicates of the bentonite type.
  • Organic disintegrants can be natural substances or natural substance derivatives based on starch and / or cellulose, alginates and the like. Typical examples that can be used here in limited quantities include sodium alginate, cross-linked potato starch, methyl cellulose and / or hydroxypropyl cellulose and, above all, microcrystalline cellulose powder.
  • Disintegrants of the type described can be used in quantities of between 5 and 10% by weight. - be used.
  • Purely synthetic disintegrants such as are known, for example, in the form of the alkali metal salts of polyacrylates or polyethacrylates with comparatively low relative molecular weights can also be of particular importance.
  • Polymers of this type with average molecular weights of approximately 1000 to 5000 and in particular in the range of approximately 1000 to 3000 are distinguished by a strong dispersing action even with very little use, so that amounts of less than 1% by weight are already present here. % can lead to a substantial acceleration of the primary decay of the portioned compacts.
  • cold-soluble mixture components are easily soluble inorganic and / or organic salts.
  • examples include alkali percarbonates and alkali acetates, but also slightly water-soluble compounds of the urea type.
  • Sodium acetate is a tabletting aid known per se, which also aids in the context of the invention both in the production of the solid body and in the intended dissolution thereof in the presence of water.
  • percarbonates Like a number of the swellable fine-particle additives listed above among the disintegrants, percarbonates both show a desired intrinsic effect in the sense of Detergents and cleaning agents as well as the additional effect as tablet animal aids.
  • customary detergents and cleaning agents are produced within the scope of the invention, which contain nonionic surfactants, then depending on the amount of the nonionic surfactants, it can be advantageous if the nonionic mixture is added to the nonionic mixture before the portioning compression be, which should prevent an undesirable swelling of nonionic surfactants and thus the formation of an aqueous / nonionic surfactant gel in the outer shell of the compact when water is added. A gel coating would prevent further water penetration and thus the rapid disintegration of the compact.
  • An effective remedy for this premature nonionic surfactant swelling is brought about in particular by phlegmatizing agents which flow at room temperature or at least slightly elevated temperatures.
  • Examples include paraffin oils, ester oils, higher alcohols which are flowable at room temperature and / or their ethers or their homologs melting at moderately elevated temperatures.
  • auxiliaries described in connection with the nonionic phlegmatization can in particular also be applied as an outer shell to the portioned compact, among other things this increases the resistance of the portioned compact to the influence of atmospheric moisture. This can be important in such special cases in which, due to the basic composition chosen, the compacts still show an undesirable sensitivity to atmospheric moisture, especially when stored for a long time.
  • detergents and cleaning agents are claimed which are in the form of the portioned compacts described and the usual ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents, for example anionic and nonionic surfactants, builders, inorganic electrolytes , Graying inhibitors, foam inhibitors, bleaching agents and bleach activators, optical brighteners, enzymes, fabric softeners and dyes and fragrances.
  • anionic surfactants such.
  • Suitable synthetic anionic surfactants are those of the sulfonate and sulfate type.
  • Suitable surfactants of the sulfonate type are alkylbenzenesulfonates, in particular Cg-Ci3-alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, i.e. Mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkane sulfonates and disulfonates, such as those obtained, for example, from Ci2-Ci8 monoolefins with a terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products.
  • dialcan sulfonates which are obtainable from Ci2-Ci8 alkanes by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation and subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization or by bisulfite addition to olefins, and in particular the esters of ⁇ -sulfofatty acids (ester sulfonates), e.g. B. the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.
  • Suitable surfactants of the sulfate type are the sulfuric acid monoesters from primary alcohols of natural and synthetic origin, ie. H. from fatty alcohols, e.g. B. coconut fatty alcohols, tallow fatty alcohols, oleyl alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl or stearyl alcohol, or the C ⁇ o-C2 ⁇ -oxo alcohols, and those secondary alcohols of this chain length.
  • the sulfuric acid monoesters of the alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl-branched Cg-Cn alcohols with an average of 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide, are also suitable.
  • Sulfated fatty acid tonoglycerides are also suitable.
  • anionic surfactants can be in the form of their sodium, potassium and ammonium salts and also as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
  • the content of detergents according to the invention anionic surfactants or anionic surfactant mixtures is preferably 5 to 40, in particular 8 to 30,% by weight.
  • Addition products of 1 to 40, preferably 2 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of an aliphatic compound having essentially 10 to 20 carbon atoms from the group of alcohols, carboxylic acids, fatty amines, carboxamides or alkanesulfonamides can be used as nonionic surfactants.
  • non-or not completely water-soluble polyglycol ethers with 2 to 7 ethylene glycol ether residues in the molecule are also of interest, in particular if they are used together with water-soluble, nonionic or anionic surfactants.
  • alkyl glycosides of the general formula R-0- (G) x can also be used as nonionic surfactants, in which R is a primary straight-chain or aliphatic radical branched in the 2-position with 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 C- Atoms means that G is a symbol that represents a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, and the degree of oligomerization x is between 1 and 10.
  • Suitable and in particular ecologically harmless builder substances are, for example, fine crystalline, synthetic water-containing zeolites of the NaA type in detergent quality. Their particle size is usually in the range from 1 to 10 ⁇ . Their content is generally 0 to 40, preferably 10 to 35% by weight and in particular 15 to 32% by weight, based on the anhydrous substance.
  • polymeric polycarboxylates such as polyacrylates, polymethacrylates and in particular copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid, preferably from 50% to 10% maleic acid.
  • the relative molecular weight of the homopolymers is generally between 1,000 and 100,000, that of the copolymers between 2,000 and 200,000, preferably 5,000 to 120,000, based on free acid.
  • a particularly preferred acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer has a relative molecular weight of 50,000 to 100,000.
  • Suitable, albeit less preferred, compounds of this class are copolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with vinyl ethers, such as vinyl methyl ether, in which the proportion of acid is at least 50%.
  • organic builders are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids preferably used in the form of their sodium salts, such as citric acid and nitrilotriacetate (NTA), provided that such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons.
  • polycarboxylic acids preferably used in the form of their sodium salts, such as citric acid and nitrilotriacetate (NTA), provided that such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons.
  • NTA nitrilotriacetate
  • Suitable inorganic, non-complexing electrolyte salts are the bicarbonates, carbonates, borates or silicates of the alkalis - also referred to as "washing alkalis"; Of the alkali silicates, especially the sodium silicates with a Na2 ⁇ : Si ⁇ 2 ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 3.5 can be used.
  • Graying inhibitors have the task of keeping the dirt detached from the fiber suspended in the liquor and thus preventing graying.
  • water-soluble colloids of mostly organic nature are suitable, such as, for example, the water-soluble salts of polymeric carboxylic acids, glue, gelatin, salts of ether carboxylic acids or ether sulfonic acids of starch or cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch.
  • Water-soluble polyamides containing acidic groups are also suitable for this purpose.
  • Soluble starch preparations and starch products other than those mentioned above can also be used, e.g. B. degraded starch, aldehyde starches, etc. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone is also useful.
  • Carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium salt), methyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and mixtures thereof are preferably used.
  • the foaming power of the surfactants can be increased or decreased by combining suitable types of surfactants; a reduction can also be achieved by adding non-surfactant-like organic substances.
  • a reduced foaming power, which is desirable when working in machines, is often achieved by combining different types of surfactants, e.g. B. of sulfates and / or sulfonates with nonionics and / or with soaps. In the case of soaps, the foam-suppressing effect increases with the degree of saturation and the C number of the fatty acid residue.
  • Suitable non-surfactant-like foam inhibitors are, for example, organopolysiloxanes and their mixtures with silanized silica, paraffins, waxes, microcrystalline waxes and their mixtures with silanized silica.
  • sodium perborate tetrahydrate NaBÜ2 • H2O2 * 3 H2O
  • sodium perborate monohydrate NaBÜ2 "H2O2”
  • Other useful bleaching agents are, for example, peroxycarbonate (Na2CÜ3. 1, 5 H2O2), peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H2O2-delivering peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid or diperdodecanedioic acid.
  • bleach activators can be incorporated into the preparations.
  • these are N-acyl or O-acyl compounds which form organic peracids with H2O2, preferably N, N'-tetraacylated diamines, such as NN f N-N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine, furthermore carboxylic acid anhydrides and esters of polyols, like glucose pentaacetate.
  • the detergents can contain derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or their alkali metal salts as optical brighteners.
  • B salts of 4,4 , -bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino-l, 3,5-triazin-6-yl-amino) - stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or compounds of the same structure which are used instead of Morpholino group, a diethanola ino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group.
  • Brighteners of the substituted 4,4'-distyryl-diphe- be present; z.
  • B the compound 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) diphenyl. Mixtures of the aforementioned brighteners can also be used.
  • Enzymes from the class of proteases, lipases and amylases or mixtures thereof can be used. Enzyatic active ingredients obtained from bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus are particularly suitable. The enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or embedded in Hü11 substances to protect them against premature decomposition.
  • the salts of polyphosphonic acids such as l-hydroxyethane-l, l-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) or diethylenetria-pentamethylenephosphonic acid (DTPMP or DETPMP) are suitable as stabilizers, in particular for per-compounds and enzymes.
  • the portioned compacts can be added directly to the textile goods when the washing machine is loaded; it is no longer necessary to wash them in via a separate chamber. This eliminates the need for the widely used dosing bodies, which are designed to hold powder detergents and which are directly entered into the machine together with the textile goods to be washed.
  • Zeolite NaA (calculated as anhydrous) 37% by weight
  • ABS Natriu dodecylbenzenesulfonate
  • a largely non-surfactant-free tower powder made of 20.5% by weight of zeolite NaA, 10.6% by weight of ABS, 2% by weight of soap, 14% by weight of soda, 4 was used to produce these highly compressed granules %
  • water glass 4.5% by weight of Sokalan CP ⁇ W, 1% by weight of tallow alcohol with 5 ethylene oxide groups (EO) and 6.6% by weight of water and other constituents (% by weight based on the entire formulation) and a non-surfactant-containing carrier bead made from 16.5% by weight zeolite NaA, 6% by weight Ci ⁇ -Ci ⁇ fatty alcohol with 5 EO, 1.5% by weight Sokalan CP ⁇ ( R ) and 4.5% by weight of water mixed with 7.3% by weight of an aqueous 60% by weight ABS paste as follows:
  • the tower powder and the carrier bead were placed in a batch mixer (20 liters) equipped with a cutter head shredder and mixed with one another while the mixer and cutter head shredder were running.
  • the aqueous ABS paste was then pumped in and mixed in.
  • the resulting premix was free flowing and became a pellet mill fed, the die was provided with holes with a diameter of 1.5 mm.
  • the pellet strands emerging from the die were cut to a length of approximately 1.5 mm.
  • the highly compressed granulate obtained was freed of the water portion introduced via the ABS paste in a discontinuously operating fluidized bed dryer at an inlet air temperature of approximately 75 to 80 ° C.
  • Example 3 The dry, free-flowing granules obtained in this way were mixed with further textile detergent ingredients and, if appropriate, additional tabletting aids, as described in Examples 1 to 3 below.
  • the microcrystalline cellulose was added in a rounding device (Marumerizer) before the subsequent fluidized-bed drying.
  • the well-mixed mass was then pressed on a hydraulic press (company Kürschner, Federal Republic of Germany) into portioned tablets at pressures in the range from about 10 to 100 bar. The following details apply.
  • TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine granules
  • the tablet compacts produced in the manner described had the following properties:
  • a spray-dried tower powder was mixed directly with the nonionic surfactant, which consisted of 20% by weight of Ci2-Ci4 fatty alcohol with 3 EO and 80% by weight of Ci2-Ci8 fatty alcohol with 5 E0 , and a 40% aqueous ABS paste mixed in the following proportions:
  • the free-flowing dry mixed product was extruded via an extruder using a perforated plate with holes with a diameter of 1.5 mm, a temperature of 40 ° C. and a working pressure of 70 bar.
  • the emerging strand-like granules were cut to a grain length of 1.5 mm and applied with microcrystalline cellulose in a rounding device (Marumerizer).
  • the granules formed were dried in the manner described in Examples 1 to 3 in a fluidized bed dryer with hot air.
  • composition of the granules thus formed was as follows:
  • Silicone-based foam inhibitor 2.5% by weight
  • Detergent enzyme 1.6% by weight microcrystalline cellulose (added during rounding) 2.0% by weight
  • the granules were pressed in the manner given in Examples 1 to 3 on a hydraulic press.
  • the dimensions and properties of the tablet tablets produced were as follows:
  • the mixture described below was granulated and then dried in a fluidized bed, care being taken to ensure that the product temperature did not exceed 50 ° C.
  • the mixture was obtained as follows:
  • the carrier bead produced according to Example 5 was loaded with the nonionic surfactant (Ci2-C j> g-- : e talc alcohol with 5 EO) before it was processed to obtain the free-flowing premix. Then the mixture with the other constituents was carried out as described in Example 5 using the 60% strength aqueous ABS paste as a lubricant and plasticizer. Further processing was carried out as described in Example 5.
  • the tableted compacts obtained in this way show the following property profile:

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Abstract

Le compactage de granulés concentrés permet d'obtenir des comprimés pré-dosés, de préférence sous forme de pastille, qui présentent une bonne durée de vie alliée à une résistance élevée aux chocs et aux impacts. Les granulés concentrés sont obtenus lors d'une première étape du procédé par compactage d'un mélange initial homogène avec addition d'un plastifiant et/ou d'un lubrifiant à travers des moules perforés, à des pressions comprises entre 25 et 200 bars.
EP91906811A 1990-04-02 1991-03-25 Procede pour la fabrication d'agents de lavage et de nettoyage Expired - Lifetime EP0523099B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE4010533A DE4010533A1 (de) 1990-04-02 1990-04-02 Tablettierte wasch- und/oder reinigungsmittel fuer haushalt und gewerbe und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
DE4010533 1990-04-02
PCT/EP1991/000567 WO1991015567A2 (fr) 1990-04-02 1991-03-25 Procede pour la fabrication d'agents de lavage et de nettoyage

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EP0523099A1 true EP0523099A1 (fr) 1993-01-20
EP0523099B1 EP0523099B1 (fr) 1994-06-15

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US5382377A (en) 1995-01-17
WO1991015567A2 (fr) 1991-10-17
EP0523099B1 (fr) 1994-06-15
ES2055599T3 (es) 1994-08-16
DE59101947D1 (de) 1994-07-21
DE4010533A1 (de) 1991-10-10
WO1991015567A3 (fr) 1991-11-14
ATE107350T1 (de) 1994-07-15

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