Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3707—Polyethers, e.g. polyalkyleneoxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
  • C11D11/0082—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents one or more of the detergent ingredients being in a liquefied state, e.g. slurry, paste or melt, and the process resulting in solid detergent particles such as granules, powders or beads
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
  • C11D17/065—High-density particulate detergent compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2093—Esters; Carbonates

Definitions

• the invention relates to granular raw material compounds from the field of detergents or cleaning agents, in particular textile detergents, which have a high bulk density and nevertheless have good, improved dissolvability even in cold water and which are free of dust and fine fractions. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing these raw material compounds and detergents or cleaning agents which contain such raw material compounds.
• Particulate detergents or cleaning agents with bulk densities above 600 g / 1 have been state of the art for some time.
• the increase in the bulk density has been accompanied by a concentration of the detergent and cleaning active ingredients, so that the consumer not only had to dispense less volume but also less mass per washing or cleaning process.
• the increase in the bulk density and in particular once again the higher concentration of the detergent or cleaning agent was generally paid for by a consumer, subjectively worse, slower dissolving speed of the agent used.
• This undesirable delay in dissolution is triggered, inter alia, by the fact that a number of anionic and nonionic surfactants which are customary in practice and, above all, corresponding surfactant mixtures tend to form gel phases when dissolved in water.
• Such gelling can already occur at tenside contents of 10% by weight, based on the total agent, that is to say with surfactant amounts that are quite common in washing or cleaning agents.
• the tendency to form gels also increases with the increasingly compact grain structure of the particles.
• EP-B-0 486 592 describes granular or extruded washing or cleaning agents with bulk densities above 600 g / l, which contain anionic and / or nonionic surfactants in amounts of at least 15% by weight and up to about 35% by weight .
• she are produced by a process in which a solid, free-flowing premix, which contains a plasticizer and / or lubricant from preferably aqueous surfactant pastes and / or aqueous polymer solutions, is extruded at high pressures of between 25 and 200 bar and the extrudate is discharged from the Hole shape is cut and rounded to the predetermined granule size by means of a cutting device.
• the premix consists at least in part of solid ingredients, to which liquid ingredients such as nonionic surfactants that are liquid at room temperature are mixed.
• liquid ingredients such as nonionic surfactants that are liquid at room temperature are mixed.
• aqueous preparations are used as plasticizers and / or lubricants in preferred embodiments.
• comparatively high-boiling organic liquids can also be used, if appropriate again in a mixture with water.
• the patent does not disclose any process conditions to be observed in the case of an anhydrous extrusion.
• the extrudates produced can either already be used as detergents or cleaning agents or can be subsequently processed with other granules or powder components to give finished detergents or cleaning agents.
• the dissolving behavior of extruded detergents or cleaning agents depends to a large extent on the form in which the anionic surfactants are introduced into the premix to be extruded.
• the dissolving behavior of the extrudates is improved if the anionic surfactants are only introduced into the premix via a solid, powdery or granular preparation form, these preparation forms at least partly containing anionic surfactants of at least 50% by weight. -% exhibit.
• a further solution to the problems mentioned can be achieved by using at least two granular components, at least one of which is used in granular washing or cleaning agents with a bulk density above 600 g / l is extruded, the extruded component in amounts of 30 to 85% by weight, based on the composition, in the composition ten and contains 0 to less than 15% by weight, based on the extruded component, of surfactants, while at least one further surfactant-containing component is present, by means of which further surfactants are provided in the composition.
• water-free or almost water-free processes are not described.
• the problem of gelling and the slow dissolution of the agents is not limited to the finished formulation of the washing or cleaning agents; Even highly concentrated compounds which have bulk densities above 600 g / l often have a tendency to not dissolve quickly enough in the aqueous application liquor.
• surfactant granules according to WO-A-93/04162 if they contain, for example, more than 90% by weight of surfactants. Because of their other positive physical properties and because of their high concentration of — in particular anionic — surfactants, such granules are highly suitable as admixing components for concentrated detergents or cleaning agents; however, it would be desirable if the rate of dissolution of such raw material compounds could be improved.
• polymer compounds which have at least one amphiphilic polymer, in particular polyester, and have increased mechanical stability and storage stability (no sticking). They contain 10-97% by weight of polymers with a softening temperature above 35 ° C and also 3 to 90% by weight of inorganic solids such as zeolite, silicate, carbonate, sulfate, which have particle sizes of at most 500 ⁇ m. Polymer and inorganic solids are both separately heated to a temperature above the softening temperature and mixed at that temperature. Overall, a homogeneous melt is formed, which is granulated, for example, by spraying onto a cooled surface or which is allowed to solidify by prilling in cooled air. If necessary, the compounds are crushed to a particle size between 50 ⁇ m and 5 mm. Bulk weights and dissolving speeds of these compounds are not disclosed.
• EP-B-0 554 366 describes builder agglomerates which (a) contain 50-75% by weight of water-containing aluminosilicate and / or water-containing or water-based Ser free crystalline layered sodium silicate and (b) polymers as binders, preferably in combination with nonionic surfactants in a weight ratio of at least 1: 1.
• Preferred polymers are polyethylene glycols with an average molecular weight between 1000 and 20,000, in particular between 3,000 and 10,000. Polymers which are solid at room temperature are melted before they are processed. C 9 -C 16 alcohols with 4-8 EO are preferred as nonionic surfactants.
• the process can be carried out anhydrous; Obviously, however, large amounts of nonionic surfactants which are liquid at room temperature are required to ensure the granulability of the mixture.
• the nonionic surfactant content is 17% by weight, based on the compound.
• the average particle size of the agglomerates, which are produced in an intensive mixer with special energy input, is between 200 and 800 ⁇ m. No information is given on the bulk density and the dissolution rate of the agglomerates.
• Dust-free and abrasion-resistant detergents are known from international patent application WO-A-97/02339, which have a compacted core which is coated with a finely divided solid. This finely divided solid is glued to the core with the aid of a non-aqueous binder.
• the core contains a mixture of common ingredients of detergents or cleaning agents and its composition can already be used as a detergent.
• WO-A-97/10326 discloses agglomerates which are obtained as intermediates and which are obtained by continuously mixing a surfactant paste containing 30 to 95% by weight of surfactant, 0.1 to 50% by weight of a non-aqueous binder and the remainder water, with solid in a high-speed mixer and subsequent granulation and further compression in a moderate mixer / densifier with subsequent drying. Bulk weights of above 650 g / l are achieved. The finished granules can consist of several different ingredients of washing or cleaning agents.
• the content of surfactants which are introduced by the paste is a maximum of 55% by weight, while the solids introduced, according to examples, do not make up more than 35% by weight in each case.
• the unpublished older German patent application DE 196 38 599 describes the water-free production of particulate detergents or cleaning agents, compounds or treated raw materials therefor, which have a bulk density above 600 g / 1 and already have an improved dissolving rate compared to agents which are processed from ingredients which are present in aqueous solution or which contain free, ie not bound in any form, water.
• At least one ingredient is used as a lubricant with an adhesive function, which is in solid form at a pressure of 1 bar and temperatures below 45 ° C, but is a melt under the processing conditions, this melt serving as a polyfunctional, water-soluble binder in which Redissolution of the agent in an aqueous liquor has a disintegrating effect.
• a treated raw material is understood to mean a relatively finely divided raw material which is converted into a coarser particle by the process described. All in all, very fine-grained qualities with dust-like components can be processed as raw materials. However, there is no explicit information about particle size distributions.
• the international patent application WO-A-92/02608 discloses water-free extruded bleach activator granules, a mixture of anionic and nonionic surfactants being used as the water-free binder phase; as particularly suitable nonionic surfactants customary ethoxyherte C 12 -C 8 fatty alcohols used in detergents or cleaning agents with degrees of ethoxylation up to 10 are used, such nonionic surfactants with 3 to 5 EO or 7 EO which are liquid even at room temperature or up to 30 ° C are preferred. Further binders which are solid at temperatures below 45 ° C. are not disclosed.
• the object of the invention was to provide raw materials in a relatively coarse-grained form - suitable for the coarse-grained detergent - which not only disintegrate quickly in aqueous liquor, but also dissolve quickly. Likewise, detergents or cleaning agents should be produced in a relatively coarse-grained form, which contain these raw materials.
• the object of the invention in a first embodiment is a raw Substance compound from the detergent and cleaning agent sector, which has a bulk density of at least 600 g / 1, at least 50% by weight of an individual raw material or a raw material class, which / its associated members is present as a solid at room temperature and a pressure of 1 bar or are present and have or have a melting point or softening point not below 45 ° C.
• non-aqueous binder which is (are) not an anionic surfactant (s) and at a pressure of 1 bar and temperatures below 45 ° C in solid form, but is or are present as a melt under the processing conditions, this melt serving as a polyfunctional, water-soluble binder which, in the preparation of the compositions, has both the function of a lubricant and an adhesive function for exercises the raw materials, but has a disintegrating effect when the agent is redissolved in an aqueous liquor, and the raw material compound does not contains free water and has better dissolving properties than the raw material itself.
• non-aqueous binder which is (are) not an anionic surfactant (s) and at a pressure of 1 bar and temperatures below 45 ° C in solid form, but is or are present as a melt under the processing conditions, this melt serving as a polyfunctional, water-soluble binder which, in the preparation of the compositions, has both the function of a lubricant and an adhesive function for exercises the raw materials, but has a disintegrating effect
• the melting point is the temperature at which the liquid and the solid phase of a substance are in thermodynamic equilibrium at about 1 bar pressure (or more precisely: at 1.013 bar pressure). At the melting point, a substance changes from the ordered solid to the disordered liquid state (melting). A broad melting interval is measured for many substances, for example amorphous substances, but also polymers and mixtures or substances that are not 100% pure.
• the softening point is the temperature at which these substances begin to collapse due to partially present melts; the softening point can be significantly lower than the temperature at which the entire substance has completely reached the liquid state.
• the melts present under processing conditions are also understood to mean partial melts such as are present at and above the softening point. It is essential for the invention that the binder or the binder mixture is present in the ordered solid form below 45 ° C., but at least softens under the process conditions and is present as a partial melt. It is not necessary for the entire binder or the entire binder mixture to be in the form of a complete melt, but this can have advantages.
• a compound is usually a granulate, agglomerate or combined added conglomerate understood, which consists of at least two components.
• these two mandatory components are the raw material itself or a class of raw material and the non-aqueous binder.
• the compounds according to the invention contain at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 65% by weight and in particular at least 70% by weight, of either a single raw material or several raw materials, which, however, belong to the same raw material class.
• the preferred classes of raw materials include anionic surfactants, especially the sulfate- and / or sulfonate-containing anionic surfactants, peroxy bleaching agents, preferably inorganic peroxy bleaching agents, and bleach activators, preferably organic bleach activators.
• the compounds can contain alkyl sulfates and alkylbenzenesulfonates in total in the specified minimum amounts.
• Another combination of several raw materials in one raw material class would be, for example, the content of perborate monohydrate and perborate tetrahydrate or perborate and percarbonate in the compounds.
• the specified minimum quantities of the raw materials relate to the anhydrous active substance of the raw materials, unless stated otherwise.
• Particularly advantageous raw material compounds have at least 80% by weight of the individual raw material or raw materials from one raw material class.
• Preferred surfactants of the sulfonate type are C -C 13 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates such as are obtained, for example, from Cn-Cig monoolefins with a terminal or internal double bond by sulfonating with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products.
• alkanesulfonates which are obtained from C 12 -C 8 -alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization.
• esters of ⁇ -sulfofatty acids for example the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, are also suitable.
• ester sulfonates for example the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.
• alkylbenzenesulfonates are preferred.
• alkali and, in particular, the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid semiesters of the C 1 -C 8 fatty alcohols are used as alk (en) yl sulfates, for example from coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, Lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ⁇ 0 -C o-oxo alcohols and those half esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred.
• alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned which contain a synthetic, straight-chain alkyl radical prepared on a petrochemical basis and which have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
• C 12 -C 16 alkyl sulfates and C 12 d 5 alkyl sulfates as well as C 14 -C 15 alkyl sulfates and C 4 -C 6 alkyl sulfates are particularly preferred from the point of view of washing technology.
• 2,3-Alkyl sulfates which are produced, for example, according to US Pat. Nos. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from the Shell Oil Company under the name DAN (R) , are also suitable anionic surfactants.
• sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate and sodium percarbonate are of particular importance.
• Further bleaching agents that can be used are, for example, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H 2 O 2 -producing peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid.
• inorganic peroxy bleaching agents are particularly preferred, especially the above-mentioned perborates and percarbonates.
• the preferred organic bleach activators include, in particular, those N-acyl or O-acyl compounds which form organic peracids with H 2 O 2 , preferably multiply acylated alkylenediamines such as N, N'-tetraacylated diamines, acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril, N- acylated hydantoins, hydrazides, triazoles, triazines, urazoles, ditopiperazines, sulfurylamides and cyanurates, also carboxylic acid esters such as p- (alkanoyloxy) benzenesulfonate, in particular sodium isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, and the p- (alkenoyloxy) benzenesulfonate anhydrides, furthermore, caprolides, and also carbohydrates Phthalic anhydride and esters of polyols such as glucose pentaacetate.
• bleach activators are acetylated mixtures of sorbitol and mannitol, as are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 525 239, and acetylated pentaerythritol.
• Particularly preferred bleach activators are N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT) and acetylated sorbitol mannitol Mixes (SORMAN).
• the bleach activator can be coated with coating substances in a known manner or, if appropriate before the compounding and enlargement according to the invention using auxiliaries, in particular methyl celluloses and / or carboxymethyl celluloses, granulated or extruded / pelletized and, if desired, further additives, for example dye , contain.
• auxiliaries in particular methyl celluloses and / or carboxymethyl celluloses, granulated or extruded / pelletized and, if desired, further additives, for example dye , contain.
• auxiliaries in particular methyl celluloses and / or carboxymethyl celluloses, granulated or extruded / pelletized and, if desired, further additives, for example dye , contain.
• auxiliaries in particular methyl celluloses and / or carboxymethyl celluloses, granulated or extruded / pelletized and, if desired, further additives, for example dye , contain.
• such raw materials should consist of at least
• the bulk weight of the raw material compounds is also at least 600 g / 1, but preferably at least 700 g / 1 and in particular at least 750 g / 1.
• Bulk weights of 800 g / l and above are also conceivable without the dissolving behavior of the raw material compounds being significantly impaired.
• a non-aqueous binder which is already completely in the form of a melt at temperatures of up to 130 ° C., preferably up to 100 ° C. and in particular up to 90 ° C.
• the binder must therefore be selected depending on the process and process conditions, or the process conditions, in particular the process temperature, must - if a specific binder is desired - be adapted to the binder.
• Preferred binders which can be used alone or in a mixture with other binders are polyethylene glycols, 1,2-polypropylene glycols and modified polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols.
• the modified polyalkylene glycols include in particular the sulfates and / or the disulfates of polyethylene glycols or polypropylene glycols with a relative molecular weight between 600 and 12000 and in particular between 1000 and 4000.
• Another group consists of mono- and / or disuccinates of the polyalkylene glycols, which in turn have relative molecular weights between 600 and 6000, preferably between 1000 and 4000.
• modified polyalkylene glycol ethers For a more detailed description of the modified polyalkylene glycol ethers, reference is made to the disclosure of the international patent application WO-A-93/02176.
• polyethylene glycol len those polymers whose production uses not only ethylene glycol but also C 3 -C 5 glycols and glycerol and mixtures of these as starting molecules.
• ethoxylated derivatives such as trimethylolpropane with 5 to 30 EO are also included.
• the polyethylene glycols preferably used can have a linear or branched structure, linear polyethylene glycols being particularly preferred.
• the particularly preferred polyethylene glycols include those with relative molecular weights between 2000 and 12000, advantageously around 4000, polyethylene glycols with relative molecular weights below 3500 and above 5000, in particular in combination with polyethylene glycols with a relative molecular weight of around 4000, and such combinations advantageously to more than 50% by weight, based on the total amount of the polyethylene glycols, have polyethylene glycols with a relative molecular weight between 3500 and 5000.
• polyethylene glycols which are in the liquid state at room temperature and a pressure of 1 bar can also be used as binders;
• polyethylene glycol with a relative molecular mass of 200, 400 and 600 can also be used as binders;
• these per se liquid polyethylene glycols should only be used in a mixture with at least one further binder, this mixture again having to meet the requirements according to the invention, that is to say having a melting point or softening point of at least above 45 ° C.
• the modified polyethylene glycols also include polyethylene glycols which are end-group-capped on one or more sides, the end groups preferably being C 1 -C 2 -alkyl chains which can be linear or branched.
• the end groups have the alkyl chains between Ci and C 6 , especially between Ci and C, with isopropyl and isobutyl or tert-butyl also being possible alternatives.
• binders are low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidones and derivatives thereof with relative molecular weights up to a maximum of 30,000. Relative molecular weight ranges between 3,000 and 30,000, for example around 10,000 are preferred. Polyvinylpyrrolidones are preferably not used as sole binders, but in combination with others, in particular in combination with Polyethylene glycols used.
• Suitable additional binders have been found to be substances which already have active washing or cleaning properties, for example nonionic surfactants with melting points of at least 45 ° C. or mixtures of nonionic surfactants and other binders.
• the preferred nonionic surfactants include alkoxylated fatty or oxo alcohols, in particular C 12 -C 18 alcohols.
• degrees of alkoxylation, in particular degrees of ethoxylation, of on average 18 to 100 AO, in particular EO per mole of alcohol and mixtures thereof have proven to be particularly advantageous.
• fatty alcohols with an average of 18 to 35 EO, in particular with an average of 20 to 25 EO show advantageous binder properties in the sense of the present invention.
• binder mixtures may also contain ethoxylated alcohols with an average of fewer EO units per mole of alcohol, for example tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO.
• ethoxylated alcohols with an average of fewer EO units per mole of alcohol, for example tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO.
• the binder content of these relatively low ethoxylated alcohols is advantageously less than 50% by weight, in particular less than 40% by weight, based on the total amount of binder used.
• nonionic surfactants such as C 12 -C 18 alcohols with an average of 3 to 7 EO, which are usually used in washing or cleaning agents and which are liquid per se at temperatures up to 30 ° C.
• nonionic surfactants are preferably - if at all - in the binder mixtures are only present in the amounts such that 0 to a maximum of 10% by weight, in particular 0 to 5% by weight, of these nonionic surfactants are contained in the raw material compounds.
• liquid nonionic surfactants are therefore not a component of the binder mixture, since these do not only point of the mixture, but can also contribute to the stickiness of the end product and, moreover, due to its tendency to cause gelation when in contact with water, the requirement for rapid dissolution of the binder / partition in the end product often does not meet the desired extent.
• anionic surfactants can be part of the raw material compound itself.
• nonionic surfactants which are suitable as binders are the fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates which do not tend to gel, in particular those with an average of 10 to 25 EO (for a more detailed description of this group of substances, see below).
• Particularly preferred representatives of this group of substances are predominantly methyl esters based on C 6 -C 8 fatty acids, for example hardened beef tallow methyl esters with an average of 12 EO or with an average of 20 EO.
• ethoxy-etherified fatty acids having 2 to 100 EO the “fatty acid” residues of which can be linear or branched in the context of this invention.
• Ethoxylates which, in particular, are preferred are those have a narrowed homolog distribution (NRE) and / or a melting point above 50 ° C.
• NRE narrowed homolog distribution
• Such fatty acid ethoxylates can be used as the sole binder or in combination with other binders, while the non-ethoxylated sodium and potassium soaps are less preferred and only in combination with other binders can be used.
• hydroxy mixed ethers which can be obtained according to the teaching of European patent application EP-A-0 754 667 (BASF) by ring opening of epoxides of unsaturated fatty acid esters, are also used as binders, in particular in combination with polyethylene glycols, the aforementioned fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates or the fatty acid ethoxyla- suitable.
• a mixture is used as the binder which contains C 2 -C 8 fatty alcohol based on coconut or tallow with an average of 20 EO and polyethylene glycol with a relative molecular weight of 400 to 4000.
• a mixture is used as the binder, which is based predominantly on C 6 -C 8 fatty acids methyl esters with an average of 10 to 25 EO, in particular hardened beef tallow methyl esters with an average of 12 EO or an average of 20 EO, and a C 1 -C ] 8 contains fatty alcohol based on coconut or tallow with an average of 20 EO and / or polyethylene glycol with a relative molecular weight of 400 to 4000.
• binders have proven to be used either alone on polyethylene glycols with a relative molecular weight of around 4000 or on a mixture of C 2 -C 8 fatty alcohol based on coconut or tallow with an average of 20 EO and one of the fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates described above or based on a mixture of C 2 -C 8 fatty alcohol based on coconut or tallow with an average of 20 EO, one of the fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates described above and a polyethylene glycol, in particular with a molecular weight of around 4000.
• trimefhylolpropylene commercial products from BASF, Federal Republic of Germany
• binder mixtures in particular in a mixture with polyethylene glycols; however, they cannot be used as the sole binder, since they have a binding / adhesive function, but do not have a disintegrating effect.
• alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x in which R is one, can also be used as further binders, alone or in combination with other binders primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular in the 2-position methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the symbol which is used for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose, stands.
• the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; x is preferably 1.2 to 1.4.
• Alkyl glycosides which have a degree of softening above 80 ° C.
• alkyl glycosides can also be used as the sole binder, it is preferred to use mixtures of alkyl glycosides and other binders.
• mixtures of polyethylene glycols and alkyl glycosides are to be mentioned here, advantageously in weight ratios of 25: 1 to 1: 5, with particular preference from 10: 1 to 2: 1.
• binders particularly in combination with polyethylene glycols and / or alkyl glycosides, are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I) in which R 2 CO is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R 1 is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] represents a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
• R 2 CO is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms
• R 1 is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
• [Z] represents a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
• the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are preferably derived from reducing sugars with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, especially from glucose.
• the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (II)
• R, 3 for a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
• R, 4 for a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical with 2 to 8 carbon atoms
• R 5 for a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, with C] -C 4 alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred
• [Z] for a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups , or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this radical.
• [Z] is also preferably obtained here by reductive amination of a sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
• a sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
• the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example according to the teaching of international patent application WO-A-95/07331, be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
• Particularly preferred glucamides already melt at 95 to 105 ° C. But here too - as with the alkyl glycosides - working temperatures which are above the softening temperature but below the melting temperature are normally sufficient in the process according to the invention.
• Anhydrously swollen polymers which, in the context of the present invention, can also be used as binders as an alternative to the melts mentioned, are those which lead to gel-like states in non-aqueous liquids.
• Systems made of non-aqueous liquid and polymer are particularly suitable if they are Essence of the polymer have at least 20 times, in particular 300 times to 5000 times higher viscosity than the non-aqueous liquid alone.
• the viscosity of the binder in this case the combination of non-aqueous liquid and polymer, is preferably in the range from 200 mPas to 100,000 mPas at room temperature, in particular from 400 mPas to 6,000 mPas, measured, for example, using a Brookfield - Rotational viscometers (Brookfield DV2, spindle 2 at 20 rpm). At higher temperatures, for example 60 ° C., the viscosity preferably deviates only slightly from the values at room temperature and is preferably in the range from 250 mPas to 2500 mPas.
• Suitable liquids include mono-, di- or trihydric alcohols which are liquid at room temperature and have boiling points (at 1 bar) above 80 ° C., in particular above 120 ° C., such as n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, see -Butanol, iso-butanol, ethylene glycol, 1,2- or 1,3-propylene glycol, glycerin, di- or triethylene or -propylene glycol or mixtures thereof, in particular glycerol and / or ethylene glycol, and the representatives of those already liquid at room temperature listed nonionic surfactants.
• nonionic surfactants are known to tend to gel when in contact with water, when used as a non-aqueous solvent for the polymer in the binder used according to the invention there is no stickiness of the end product.
• Suitable polymers which lead to swollen systems in such anhydrous liquids are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan, partially hydrolyzed starches, alginates, amylopectin, methyl ether, hydroxyethyl ether, hydroxypropyl ether and / or starches or celluloses carrying hydroxybutyl ether groups, phosphated starches such as starch disphosphate, but also inorganic polymers such as layered silicates and mixtures thereof.
• polyvinylpyrrolidones those with relative molecular weights of up to a maximum of 30,000 are preferred. Relative molecular weight ranges between 3000 and 30,000, for example around 10,000, are particularly preferred here.
• the preferred polymers also include hydroxypropyl starch and starch diphosphate.
• the concentration of the polymers in the anhydrous liquids is preferably 5% by weight to 20% by weight, in particular approximately 6% by weight to 12% by weight.
• Particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention contain such swollen polymers as binders.
• the content of binder or binders in the raw material compound is preferably at least 2% by weight, but less than 20% by weight, in particular less than 15% by weight, with particular preference for amounts in the range of 3% by weight up to 10% by weight.
• only one or the binder will be mentioned for the sake of simplicity. However, it should be made clear that the use of several different binders and mixtures of different binders is always possible.
• the raw material compounds can contain minor amounts of other solid ingredients at temperatures below 30 ° C (1 bar). It is particularly desirable here to select as further components those which have already been mentioned above for the preferred raw materials and raw material classes.
• a bleach activator granulate which contains more than 60% by weight of TAED could additionally also contain anionic surfactant or anionic surfactants, for example alkyl sulfates and / or alkylbenzenesulfonates. Since it is considered advantageous within the scope of the invention to provide the highest possible concentration of only one raw material in the compound, it is preferred that the second solid raw material is contained in the compounds in amounts of up to a maximum of 30% by weight.
• prefabricated compounds for example surfactant compounds or spray-dried powders, as are usually used in detergents, can also be used in addition to the actual raw material.
• the proportions of such compounds in the compound according to the invention are, however, preferably less than 25% by weight and in particular less than 20% by weight.
• other constituents such as finely divided aluminosilicates, for example zeolite A, X and or P, amorphous or crystalline silicates, carbonates, and optionally also sulfates in minor amounts, which are usually not above 5% by weight, based on the compound according to the invention , be included.
• the finely divided aluminosilicates in particular can be used to powder off the raw material compounds according to the invention.
• liquid ingredients - with the exception of the above-mentioned maximum 10% by weight of nonionic surfactants and the swollen polymers used according to the invention as binders - are contained in the raw materials according to the invention. Compounds not included.
• the raw material compounds according to the invention contain essentially no free water, that is to say no water, that is not bound to the solids in any chemical or physical form. This is achieved through the essentially water-free production of the raw material compounds (see below), which means that water is only brought in in the amounts that are contained in the solid raw materials used, so to speak, as "contamination".
• a raw material compound contains 55 to 85% by weight of bleach activator, 0 to 25% by weight, preferably 5 to 22% by weight of anionic surfactants such as alkylbenzenesulfonates and / or alkyl sulfates, optionally in precompounded Form, 5 to 12 wt .-% of a non-aqueous binder, preferably polyethylene glycol with a relative molecular weight above 3500, in particular around 4000, or a swollen polymer.
• anionic surfactants such as alkylbenzenesulfonates and / or alkyl sulfates, optionally in precompounded Form, 5 to 12 wt .-% of a non-aqueous binder, preferably polyethylene glycol with a relative molecular weight above 3500, in particular around 4000, or a swollen polymer.
• the raw material compound additionally contains 1 to 7.5% by weight, preferably 2 to 6% by weight, of a nonionic surfactant which is liquid at temperatures below 35 ° C. (1 bar), for example a C 12 -C 18 - fatty alcohol with 3 to 7 EO.
• the raw material compound additionally contains 0.5 to 5% by weight of a finely divided, in particular non-water-soluble ingredient, for example an aluminosilicate as stated above.
• a finely divided, in particular non-water-soluble ingredient for example an aluminosilicate as stated above.
• Such constituents generally serve as powdering agents and can also be applied subsequently to the raw material compound within the scope of this invention.
• the raw material compound contains 60 to 85% by weight of one or more inorganic builder substances, 3 to 10% by weight of a binder used according to the invention and up to 20% by weight of anionic and / or nonionic surfactants .
• builder compounds are preferred which contain 50 to 65% by weight of zeolite A, X, Y and or P and 15 to 30% by weight of an amorphous Have alkali silicate.
• the raw material compounds according to the invention have surprisingly good dissolving properties.
• the test is the determination of the residue behavior (R test), 8 g of the agent to be tested being removed in a 2-1 beaker with stirring (800 rpm using a laboratory stirrer / propeller stirring head) 1.5 cm from the beaker bottom centered) sprinkled in 1 liter of water and stirred at 30 ° C for 1.5 minutes.
• the test is carried out with water with a hardness of 16 ° d.
• the wash liquor is then poured off through a sieve (80 ⁇ m).
• the beaker is rinsed out with very little cold water over the sieve. There is a double determination.
• crystalline tetraacetylethylene diamine has, for example, a residue of about 60%, granular TAED, containing about 95% by weight of TAED, 3.5% by weight of carboxymethyl cellulose and 1.5% by weight of water , still 54%.
• Extruded TAED which can be obtained from the Rettenmaier company, for example, with residue values of around 30%, is well above the value desirable for use in detergents or cleaning agents.
• the residue behavior can be improved to 22%;
• raw material compounds are preferred which have residue values of significantly less than 20% in the stated R test.
• Compounds which have residue values of at most 15% are particularly preferred, values of 12% and less being particularly advantageous from an application point of view.
• Residue values below 10% are usually obtained when the raw material used was ground to particle sizes of less than 500 ⁇ m, for example less than 200 ⁇ m and possibly even less than 100 ⁇ m, before compounding.
• the compound has a particle size distribution which is significantly too coarse compared to the particle size distribution of the raw material used. values is shifted. It is particularly preferred that the d90 value (particle size of at least 90% by weight of the substance under consideration) of the raw material compound is at least 200 ⁇ m larger than the d90 value of the raw material used, at least 50% by weight. This means that with a d90 value of the raw material of maximum 400 ⁇ m, the d90 value of the raw material compound is at least 600 ⁇ m, but with a d90 value of the raw material of maximum 1 mm, the d90 value of the raw material compound is is at least 1.2 mm.
• the d90 value of the raw material compound is not less than 400 ⁇ m, even if the d90 value of the raw material should be less than 150 ⁇ m, since the raw material compounds are to be dust-free according to the invention.
• the ingredients of the raw material compounds can be joined together with simultaneous or subsequent shaping by customary methods in which compaction forces are exerted, such as granulating, compacting, for example roller compacting or extruding, or tableting, optionally with the addition of small amounts of conventional disintegrants, and pelleting.
• Spray-dried granules can also be used as prefabricated compounds in the premix, but the invention is by no means restricted to this. Rather, the method according to the invention lends itself not to use spray-dried granules, since even very finely divided raw materials with dust-like fractions can be processed without problems according to the invention without being pre-compounded, for example spray-dried.
• the actual granulation, compacting, tableting, pelleting or extrusion process takes place according to the invention at processing temperatures which, at least in the compression step, correspond at least to the temperature of the softening point, if not even the temperature of the melting point of the binder.
• the process temperature is significantly above the melting point or above the temperature at which the binder is in the form of a melt.
• the process temperature in the compression step is not more than 20 ° C. above the melting temperature or the upper limit of the melting range of the binder. It is technically possible to set even higher temperatures; However, it has been shown that a temperature difference of 20 ° C. from the melting temperature or softening temperature of the binder is generally sufficient.
• thermoly sensitive raw materials for example peroxy bleaching agents such as perborate and / or percarbonate
• the possibility of precise temperature control of the binder especially in the decisive step of compression, i.e. between the mixing / homogenization of the premix and the shaping, allows an energetically very economical and extremely gentle process control for the temperature-sensitive components of the premix, since the premix only lasts for a short time exposed to higher temperatures.
• the duration of the temperature effect is preferably between 10 seconds and a maximum of 5 minutes, in particular it is a maximum of 3 minutes.
• the essentially water-free procedure not only enables peroxy bleaching agents to be processed without loss of activity, it also enables peroxy bleaching agents and bleach activators to be processed together without fear of serious loss of activity.
• the method according to the invention is carried out by means of an extrusion, as described, for example, in European patent EP-B-0 486 592 or international patent applications WO-A-93/02176 and WO-A-94/09111 .
• a solid premix is pressed in the form of a strand under pressure, and the strand is cut to the predeterminable size of the granulate after it has emerged from the hole shape by means of a cutting device.
• the homogeneous and solid premix contains a plasticizer and / or lubricant, which causes the premix to become plastically softened and extrudable under the pressure or under the entry of specific work.
• Preferred plasticizers and / or lubricants are surfactants and / or polymers which, in the context of the present invention, with the exception of the nonionic surfactants mentioned above, are not introduced into the premix in liquid and in particular not in aqueous, but in solid form.
• the premix is preferably fed continuously to a planetary roller extruder or a 2-screw extruder or 2-screw extruder with co-rotating or counter-rotating screw guide, the housing and the extruder pelletizing head of which can be heated to the predetermined extrusion temperature.
• the premix is compressed, plasticized, extruded in the form of fine strands through the perforated die plate in the extruder head and finally, under pressure, which is preferably at least 25 bar, but can also be lower at extremely high throughputs depending on the apparatus used the extrudate is preferably reduced to approximately spherical to cylindrical granules by means of a rotating knife.
• the hole diameter of the perforated nozzle plate and the strand cut length are matched to the selected granulate dimension.
• the production of granules of an essentially uniformly predeterminable particle size succeeds, and in particular the absolute particle sizes can be adapted to the intended use.
• particle diameters up to at most 0.8 cm are preferred.
• Important embodiments provide for the production of uniform granules in the millimeter range, for example in the range from 0.5 to 5 mm and in particular in the range from approximately 0.8 to 3 mm.
• the length / diameter ratio of the chopped-off primary granules is in the range from about 1: 1 to about 3: 1.
• small amounts of dry powder for example zeolite powder such as zeolite NaA powder, can also be used in this step.
• the invention now provides that the temperature control in the transition region of the screw, the pre-distributor and the nozzle plate is designed such that the melting temperature of the binder or the upper limit of the melting range of the binder at least reached, but is preferably exceeded.
• the duration of the temperature influence in the compression range of the extrusion is preferably less than 2 minutes and in particular in a range between 30 seconds and 1 minute.
• the binder used has a melting temperature or a melting range of up to 75 ° C .; Process temperatures which are at most 10 ° C. and in particular at most 5 ° C. above the melting temperature or the upper temperature limit of the melting range of the binder have then proven to be particularly favorable.
• the binder also functions as a lubricant and at least prevents or at least reduces the formation of adhesions on apparatus walls and compaction tools. This applies not only to processing in the extruder, but also equally to processing, for example in continuously operating mixers / granulators or rollers.
• the compressed material preferably has temperatures not above 80 ° C., temperatures between 35 and 75 ° C. being particularly preferred. It has been found that outlet temperatures - especially in the extrusion process - from 40 to 70 ° C, for example up to 60 ° C, are particularly advantageous.
• the particle size distribution of the premix is designed to be substantially wider than that of the end product produced according to the invention and according to the invention.
• the premix can contain much larger fine-grained fractions, even dust, and possibly also coarser-grained fractions, although it is preferred that a premix with a relatively broad particle size distribution and relatively high fractions of fine-grained material in an end product with a relatively narrow particle size distribution and relatively small fractions of fine-grain is transferred.
• the method of the invention is essentially anhydrous - i.e. with the exception of water contents ("impurities") of the solid raw materials used, water-free, not only is the risk of gelling of the surfactant raw materials minimized to ruled out in the manufacturing process, in addition, an ecologically valuable process is also provided, since by dispensing with one subsequent drying step not only saves energy, but also emissions, as they occur predominantly with conventional types of drying, can be avoided.
• the invention further relates to a particulate washing or cleaning agent which contains at least one raw material compound according to the invention.
• the invention also relates to a particulate agent, in particular for textile prewash, which contains at least one raw material compound according to the invention, especially with more than 50% by weight of peroxy bleach or bleach activator.
• a solid premix was made from the solid ingredients, including the binder, which in this case was added in solid form.
• the mixture was then homogenized for a further 2 minutes and then fed to a twin-screw extruder, the pelletizing head of which had been preheated to temperatures between 50 and 65 ° C., preferably to 62 ° C.
• the non-ionic surfactants that were optionally present at temperatures below 45 ° C. and a pressure of 1 bar were added to the powder stream by spraying through nozzles.
• the premix was plasticized and then extruded at a pressure between 50 and 100 bar, preferably around 78 bar, through the extruder head perforated die plate into fine strands with a diameter of 1.4 mm, which, after the die outlet, was removed by means of a knock-out knife were crushed into approximately spherical granules (length / diameter ratio about 1, hot cut). The resulting warm granules were rounded off for one minute in a Maramerizer ® type rounding machine and, if necessary, coated with a finely divided powder.
• the bulk density of the extrudates produced was above 600 g / l.
• a homogeneous premix comprising 65.6% by weight of a TAED ground to less than 100 ⁇ m, 17.3% by weight of spray-dried granules containing anionic surfactants (composition see below), 10.1% by weight was used .-% polyethylene glycol produced as a binder with a molecular weight of 4000. 5% by weight of C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohol with an average of 7 EO were sprayed into the powder stream. The premix was then extruded and then powdered with 2% by weight of finely divided zeolite A. The extradate had such a particle size distribution that the d90 value was above 0.8 mm. The R test (description see above) gave a value of 0.1%.
• the granulate M2 was produced in the same way as Ml. However, its composition is: 71.1% by weight of unground TAED, 15% by weight of alkylbenzenesulfonate, 9.8% by weight of polyethylene glycol with a relative molecular weight of 4000, 2.1% by weight of C 12 -C 18 - Fatty alcohol with an average of 7 EO and 2% by weight of zeolite A.
• the bulk density was 640 g / 1, the d90 value was again significantly greater than 0.8 mm.
• the R value was 10%.
• the granulate M3 was composed like M2 and was produced like M2, with the exception that TAED was used for particle sizes smaller than 100 ⁇ m.
• the bulk density was 660 g / 1; the d90 value was also significantly above 0.8 mm. However, the R value was only 0.7%.
• the R value of crystalline TAED (d90 value at 0.2 mm, bulk density 560 g / 1) was 60%, that of TAED granules (95% by weight TAED, 3.5% by weight Carboxymethyl cellulose and 1.5% by weight water; d90 value at 0.4 mm; bulk density 550 g / l) at 54% o, an extruded TAED commercial product from Rettenmaier (90% by weight TAED; d90- Value at 0.8 mm; bulk density 580 g / 1) of 30% and 22% of TAED ground to particle sizes smaller than 100 ⁇ m.
• composition of the spray-dried granules Composition of the spray-dried granules:
• Spray dried granules 26.30% by weight of C 9 -Cj 3 alkylbenzenesulfonate
• This premix was then metered into a twin-shaft extrader running at a rate of 10 kg / h.
• the extruder was preheated to 45 ° C using hot water.
• the mixture was heated to about 55 ° C. in the extruder and plasticized by the resulting melt of fatty alcohol ethoxylate and polyethylene glycol.
• the premixed plasticized in this way was transported into the extruder head and extruded under pressure through the nozzle holes of the nozzle plate installed there.
• a pair of knives rotated, which cut the emerging strands to a length-diameter ratio of approximately 1: 1.
• the diameter is about 1mm.
• Texapon Z ® sodium lauryl sulfate; d90 value 200 ⁇ m; bulk density 100 g / 1; R value 2%) and 1.5 kg of polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 4000 were premixed for about 60 seconds and then one 45 to 50 ° C preheated twin-shaft extraders with a capacity of 8 kg / h. There, the premix was homogenized, plasticized and fed at temperatures of 50 to 55 ° C under pressure to the nozzle plate. The extruded product was cut by the rotating knives to approximately 1.4 mm long strands (length / diameter ratio of approximately 1: 1). The product had a bulk density of 620 to 650 g / l and an R value of less than 2%.
• the product thus obtained had a bulk density of 773 g / l and an R value of 0.4%.

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