EP0523095A1 - Stabile, bifunktionelle, phosphatfreie reinigungsmitteltabletten für das maschinelle geschirrspülen. - Google Patents
Stabile, bifunktionelle, phosphatfreie reinigungsmitteltabletten für das maschinelle geschirrspülen.Info
- Publication number
- EP0523095A1 EP0523095A1 EP91906795A EP91906795A EP0523095A1 EP 0523095 A1 EP0523095 A1 EP 0523095A1 EP 91906795 A EP91906795 A EP 91906795A EP 91906795 A EP91906795 A EP 91906795A EP 0523095 A1 EP0523095 A1 EP 0523095A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- contain
- tablets according
- sodium
- tablets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004851 dishwashing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000004690 nonahydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000004686 pentahydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- KEZYHIPQRGTUDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[dithiocarboxy(methyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical compound SC(=S)N(C)CC(O)=O KEZYHIPQRGTUDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- PHIQPXBZDGYJOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PHIQPXBZDGYJOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- BJGMCBVGOYXEBZ-LBPRGKRZSA-N (2s)-5-amino-2-[4-[(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)sulfamoyl]anilino]-5-oxopentanoic acid Chemical compound O1C(C)=CC(NS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=CC=2)=N1 BJGMCBVGOYXEBZ-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carboxylatooxy carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)OOC([O-])=O VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940045872 sodium percarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- YRIZYWQGELRKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trichloro-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O YRIZYWQGELRKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSVSPKKXQGNHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-3-methyl-1,2-thiazole Chemical compound CC=1C=C(Br)SN=1 XSVSPKKXQGNHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLQHSBBZNDXTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[5-[[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC1CC(=NO1)C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1 LLQHSBBZNDXTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UINZSTNTGAPYEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Na].[Na].[Na].[Na].[Na] Chemical compound [Na].[Na].[Na].[Na].[Na].[Na] UINZSTNTGAPYEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012223 aqueous fraction Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentasodium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MSFGZHUJTJBYFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dichloroisocyanurate Chemical compound [Na+].ClN1C(=O)[N-]C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O MSFGZHUJTJBYFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950009390 symclosene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004685 tetrahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011178 triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002264 triphosphate group Chemical class [H]OP(=O)(O[H])OP(=O)(O[H])OP(=O)(O[H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/10—Carbonates ; Bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
- C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
- C11D17/0073—Tablets
- C11D17/0091—Dishwashing tablets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/08—Silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
- C11D3/3761—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in solid compositions
Definitions
- Machine dishwashing generally consists of a pre-rinse cycle, a cleaning cycle, one or more intermediate rinse cycles, a rinse cycle and a drying cycle. This applies to machine washing both in the home and in business.
- HGSM HGSM
- GGSM In the case of a commercial dishwasher, hereinafter referred to as GGSM, the so-called pre-clearing zone corresponds in principle to the pre-rinse cycle of an HGSM.
- the cleaning agent metered into the cleaning zone is used by overflow in the pre-clearing zone to support the cleaning of the adhering food residues.
- GGSM in which the pre-clearing zone is only operated with fresh water, but a pre-clearing zone with detergent additive is more effective than pre-clearing with fresh water alone.
- pre-clearing zone cleaning from GGSM has also already been transferred to HGSM and dosing of cleaning agents has already been made possible for the pre-rinse cycle by dosing cleaning agents in tablet form and one or more suitable tablets, for example in a free part of the cutlery basket. but also positioned elsewhere in the machine, as a result of which they could act both in the pre-rinse cycle and in the actual cleaning cycle, that is to say bifunctionally.
- dosing cleaning agents in tablet form and one or more suitable tablets for example in a free part of the cutlery basket. but also positioned elsewhere in the machine, as a result of which they could act both in the pre-rinse cycle and in the actual cleaning cycle, that is to say bifunctionally.
- tablet-shaped cleaning agents is described for example in DE-OS 35 41 145.
- detergent tablets with a broad dissolution profile for machine dishwashing which contain the usual alkaline components, in particular from the group of alkali metal silicates and pentaalkali triphosphates, active chlorine compounds and tableting aids, and in which the alkali metal silicates are made from a mixture of "sodium metasilicate nonahydrate""(Na2H2Si ⁇ 4.8H2 ⁇ ) and anhydrous sodium metasilicate and the pentaalkali metal phosphate consists of anhydrous pentasodium triphosphate, the weight ratio of anhydrous sodium metasilicate: sodium metasilicate nonahydrate being between 1: 0.3 and 1: 1.5 and the weight ratio of pentasodium sodium trium etasilicate, each anhydrous, is 2: 1 to 1: 2, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 1.7.
- Tablets of this type have such a broad dissolution profile that they are already dissolved by at least 10% by weight of the incoming cold tap water in the pre-rinsing step of an HGSM, thereby developing a pH value of at least 10.0 in the rinsing liquor and, if good, water-soluble at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, are still available for the cleaning cycle.
- the dissolution profile is understood to mean the weight ratio of the proportions of the tablet, dissolved under the conditions of the pre-rinse cycle, of conventional HGSM to the entire tablet.
- the known tablets still contain phosphates, which are known to be undesirable.
- phosphate-free detergent tablets for machine dishwashing eg Hui Flushing Tabs from Roth GmbH, Bad Ems
- these tablets are placed inside the machine (e.g. in the cutlery basket), however, they dissolve as far as possible, even completely, during the pre-rinse cycle, so that no more detergent is used in the actual cleaning cycle Available.
- the stability of these tablets is unsatisfactory.
- the present invention was therefore based on the object of developing a stable, bifunctional, phosphate-free detergent tablet with a broad dissolving profile for automatic dishwashing, which at least 10% by weight to about 40% by weight of the incoming cold tap water was already in the pre-rinse cycle of an HGSM. -% is dissolved, thereby developing a pH value of at least 10.0 in the rinsing liquor and at least 60% by weight to about 90% by weight is still available for the cleaning cycle with good hot water solubility.
- the object was achieved by stable, bifunctional, phosphate-free detergent tablets for machine dishwashing containing silicate, low-foam nonionic surfactants, organic complexing agents, bleaching agents and water, which are characterized in that they contain the organic complexing agents in the form of 10 to 40 , preferably 15 to 35% by weight, based on the total mixture of the tablet components, of a granular, alkaline cleaning additive consisting of
- the tablets according to the invention have a particularly high breaking strength (greater than 140 N with a diameter of 35 to 40 mm and a density of about 1.6 to 1.8 g / cm 3) with a content of sodium etasilicate nonahydrate, which increases significantly during storage within a short time. They can be easily produced on eccentric, hydraulic or rotary presses and solve well when used as intended.
- the constituents of the granular cleaning additive are added individually to the mixture of the constituents to be tabletted, the quality of the tablets obtained therefrom is unusable for the trade, since they u. a. have an insufficient breaking strength.
- the tablets also bake on the mixtures on the upper ram of the presses.
- Component (a) consists of homopolymeric or copolymeric carboxylic acids in the form of the sodium salts.
- Suitable homopolymers are polymethacrylic acid and preferably polyacrylic acid, for example those with a molecular weight of 800 to 150,000 (based on acid). If only homopolymeric polyacrylic acids (in salt form) are used, their molecular weight is preferably 1000 to 80,000 (based on acid) in the interest of good flowability and storage stability.
- Suitable copolymers are those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and preferably copolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid.
- Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid as are characterized, for example, in EP 25 551 B1, have proven particularly suitable. These are copolymers which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid. Copolymers in which 60 to 85% by weight of acrylic acid and 40 to 15% by weight of maleic acid are present are particularly preferred.
- Your molecular weight, based on free acids is generally 5,000 to 200,000, preferably 10,000 to 120,000.
- mixtures of different homopolymers and copolymers in particular mixtures of homopolymeric acrylic acid and the copolymers of 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% of maleic acid described above.
- Such mixtures which are characterized by favorable grain properties and high storage stability, can consist, for example, of 10 to 50% by weight of homopolymeric acrylic acid and 90 to 50% by weight of acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymers.
- Highly polymeric polyacrylic acids can also be used in these mixtures, which, when used alone, have a slightly greater tendency to stick or melt than the low molecular weight polyacrylates.
- the sodium carbonate (b) and the sodium sulfate (c) are used in anhydrous form. With proportions of sodium carbonate of approx. 40% by weight and more, it is advisable to reduce the water content (d) of the detergents to less than 6% by weight or to choose a somewhat higher proportion of sodium sulfate, for example in the range 8 to 15% by weight. Sodium sulfate contents of more than 10% by weight, preferably 15 to 20% by weight, fundamentally improve the grain properties and the shelf life of the compositions. On the other hand, sodium sulfate is ineffective fiber when using the agents, which is why its proportion should be as low as possible. It is very surprising that fractions of 5 to 6% by weight (c) are sufficient to contain agents with a content of approx. 50% by weight (a), approx. 40% by weight (b) and stabilize about 4% by weight (d) and ensure good pouring properties.
- the agents may also contain minor constituents such as dyes and color pigments and may be colored uniformly or speckled.
- the proportion of such minor components is well below 1% by weight.
- the average grain size of the agent is usually 0.2 to 1.2 mm, the proportion of the grains being below 0.1 mm not more than 2% by weight and above 2 mm not more than 20% by weight. At least 80% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, of the grains preferably have a size of 0.2 to 1.6 mm, the proportion of the grains being between 0.1 and 0.05 mm not more than 3% by weight, in particular not more than 1% by weight and the proportion of the grains between 1.6 and 2.4 mm not more than 20% by weight, in particular not more than 10% by weight .-%.
- the bulk density is 350 to 550 g / 1.
- the granules are produced by spray drying an aqueous slurry.
- the slurry concentration is between 50 and 68% by weight (non-aqueous fraction), preferably between 55 and 60% by weight, the viscosity of the paste being decisive, which should not exceed 10,000 mPa.s and advantageously 2 500 to 6,000 mPa «s.
- the temperature of the slurry is usually between 50 and 100 ° C.
- the pressure at the spray nozzles is . generally 30 to 80 bar, preferably 40 to 70 bar.
- the temperature of the counter-current dry gases in the entrance zone of the spray tower, ie in the so-called ring channel is advantageously between 200 and 320 ° C, in particular between 220 and 300 ° C.
- the drying is preferably carried out in such a way that the water binding is reduced to less than 1 mol of H2O per mol of sodium carbonate.
- Conventional spray drying systems spray towers
- spray drying can be used for spray drying, it being possible for the spray nozzles to be arranged in one or more levels.
- the spray material leaving the tower can, if necessary after cooling with flowing air, be mixed directly with the other tablet components and compressed with them.
- Alkaline metasilicates in particular sodium metasilicate, in anhydrous form and in the form of penta- and / or in particular no-hydrate are suitable as silicates.
- the total content of alkali metal likate in the tablets, calculated as Na2Si ⁇ 3, is 30 to 80, preferably 55 to 65% by weight.
- Especially good compressible tablets so if 5 to 30, preferred wise from 5 to 25 and particularly 10 to 25 wt '%, calculated as anhydrous alkali metasilicate, in the form of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate and / or 5 to 30, preferably 8 to 25 and in particular 12 to 25% by weight, calculated as anhydrous alkali metasilicate, in the form of sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, the weight ratio of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate to sodium metasilate nitrate being used simultaneous presence can be around 1: 1 to 1: 1.5.
- the total amount of hydrates is the same as the amount when using the individual hydrates.
- the dissolution profile can be varied within wide limits by varying the ratio of sodium metasilicate, anhydrous, to nonahydrate.
- the weight ratio of anhydrous sodium metasilicate to nonahydrate is preferably between 1: 0.1 to 1: 1.0 and in particular between 1: 0.15 to 1: 0.8.
- Extremely low-foaming compounds are preferably used as nonionic surfactants. These preferably include glycol-polypropylene glycol ether with up to 8 moles of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units in each molecule. Their share in the total weight of the finished tablets is generally 0.2 to 5, preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight. But you can also use other non-foaming non-foaming surfactants known, such as. B.
- C ⁇ -Ci ⁇ -alkyl polyethylene glycol polybutylene glycol ether each with up to 8 moles of ethylene oxide and butylene oxide units in the molecule and then optionally 0.2 to 2, preferably 0.2 to 1 wt .-%, based on the entire tablet Defoaming agents such.
- Active chlorine carriers and active oxygen carriers are common components of cleaning agents for HGSM as bleaching agents.
- Trichloroisocyanuric acid is preferred as the active chlorine carrier, but also other known solid compounds, such as.
- B. sodium dichloroisocyanurate, its dihydrate and potassium chloroisocyanurate can be used in an arktüblinger form without impairing the tablettability. Your quantities are 0.5 to 5.0, preferably 1.0 to 2.5% by weight, based on the active chlorine content and the total tableting mixture.
- active oxygen carriers can also be used particularly advantageously. These primarily include sodium perborate mono- and tetrahydrate as well as sodium percarbonate. Their share in the total weight of the tablets is 3 to 20, preferably 5 to 18%.
- tabletting aids such as mold release agents, for example paraffin oil
- mold release agents for example paraffin oil
- Customary oxidation-stable dyes and fragrances can also be added to the tablet mixtures.
- the tablets can also be pressed in colored layers with otherwise the same composition.
- anhydrous sodium carbonate can also be added for the purpose of setting a desired pH value; the amount can be 2 to 20% by weight and preferably 4 to 16% by weight.
- the cleaning additives were then mixed in an amount of 10 to 40, preferably 15 to 35,% by weight in a Lödige mixer with the remaining constituents of the recipes, and the resulting tablet mixture was then mixed with conventional tablet presses a pressure of 200 to 1,500. 10 5 , preferably 300 to 600 • 10 5 Pa pressed.
- the mixture of the cleaning additives, the water-free sodium metasilicate, the corresponding hydrates, the nonionic surfactants and the bleaching agents could be pressed in a known manner without die lubrication using commercially available eccentric presses, hydraulic presses or rotary presses. No caking of the tablet mixture was observed on the pressing tools. Tools coated with hard plastic, as well as uncoated, supplied tablets with smooth surfaces, so that in most cases there was no need to coat the punches with soft plastic.
- the pressing conditions must be optimized with a view to setting the desired dissolution profile while at the same time having sufficient tablet hardness.
- the flexural strength can serve as a measure of the tablet hardness (method: compare Ritschel. Die Tablette, Ed. Cantor, 1966, p. 313). Tablets with a bending strength greater than 120 N, preferably greater than 150 N, are sufficiently stable under simulated transport conditions.
- the bending or breaking strength of the tablets, regardless of their format, can be determined by the degree of compaction, ie. H. the baling pressure can be controlled.
- the specific weight of the compacts was between 1.2 and 2 g / cm 3, preferably between 1.4 and 1.8 g / cm 3.
- the compression during the pressing process brought about changes in the density, from 0.6 to 1.2 g / cm 3, preferably 0.8 to 1.0 g / cm 3 to 1.2 to 2.0 g / cm 3, preferably 1.6 to 1.8 g / cm3 rose.
- the shape of the tablet can also influence the breaking strength and the dissolving speed via the outer surface exposed to the H2O attack. For stability reasons, cylindrical compacts with a diameter / height ratio of 0.6 to 3.0: 1 were produced.
- the amounts of the substance mixture to be compressed for the individual tablets can be varied as desired within technically reasonable limits. Depending on their size, 1 to 2 or even more tablets per machine filling are preferably used in order to provide the entire cleaning process with the necessary active substance content of cleaning agent.
- Prefers are tablets of 30 to 40 g in weight and a diameter of 35 to 40 mm, one of which must be used. Larger tablets are generally more sensitive to breakage and, moreover, are compressed at a slower rate. In the case of smaller tablets, the handling advantage would be reduced compared to granular or powder detergents.
- the tablet weight was set at 35 g.
- the tablets had a diameter of 38 mm and a height of 18.1 mm.
- the density was 1.71 g / cm ⁇ , the breaking strength of the tablet was over 14 kg.
- the tablet is loaded by a wedge.
- the breaking strength corresponds to the weight of the wedge-shaped load, which leads to the tablet breaking.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4010524A DE4010524A1 (de) | 1990-04-02 | 1990-04-02 | Stabile, bifunktionelle, phosphatfreie reinigungsmitteltabletten fuer das maschinelle geschirrspuelen |
DE4010524 | 1990-04-02 | ||
PCT/EP1991/000568 WO1991015568A1 (de) | 1990-04-02 | 1991-03-25 | Stabile, bifunktionelle, phosphatfreie reinigungsmitteltabletten für das maschinelle geschirrspülen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0523095A1 true EP0523095A1 (de) | 1993-01-20 |
EP0523095B1 EP0523095B1 (de) | 1995-02-15 |
Family
ID=6403554
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91906795A Expired - Lifetime EP0523095B1 (de) | 1990-04-02 | 1991-03-25 | Stabile, bifunktionelle, phosphatfreie reinigungsmitteltabletten für das maschinelle geschirrspülen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0523095B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE118540T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4010524A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2068575T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1991015568A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4112075A1 (de) * | 1991-04-12 | 1992-10-15 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur herstellung stabiler, bifunktioneller, phospat- und metasilikatfreier niederalkalischer reinigungsmitteltabletten fuer das maschinelle geschirrspuelen |
DE4121307A1 (de) * | 1991-06-27 | 1993-01-07 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur herstellung stabiler, bifunktioneller, phosphat- und metasilikatfreier niederalkalischer reinigungsmitteltabletten fuer das maschinelle geschirrspuelen |
DE4213036A1 (de) * | 1992-04-21 | 1993-10-28 | Henkel Kgaa | Granulares, alkalisches, phosphatfreies Reinigungsadditiv |
DE4228786A1 (de) * | 1992-08-29 | 1994-03-03 | Henkel Kgaa | Geschirrspülmittel mit ausgewähltem Builder-System |
EP0692019B1 (de) * | 1993-04-01 | 1998-02-11 | Unilever N.V. | Feste waschmittelbriketten |
DE4315048A1 (de) * | 1993-04-01 | 1994-10-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung stabiler, bifunktioneller, phosphat-, metasilikat- und polymerfreier niederalkalischer Reinigungsmitteltabletten für das maschinelle Geschirrspülen |
DE69602086T2 (de) * | 1995-02-17 | 1999-08-05 | Unilever N.V., Rotterdam | Festes waschmittelstück |
US6034048A (en) * | 1995-03-01 | 2000-03-07 | Charvid Limited Liability Co. | Non-caustic cleaning composition using an alkali salt |
US5663132A (en) * | 1995-03-01 | 1997-09-02 | Charvid Limited Liability Company | Non-caustic composition comprising peroxygen compound and metasilicate and cleaning methods for using same |
US6194367B1 (en) | 1995-03-01 | 2001-02-27 | Charvid Limited Liability Co. | Non-caustic cleaning composition comprising peroxygen compound and specific silicate and method of making the same in free-flowing, particulate form |
US5900395A (en) * | 1996-12-23 | 1999-05-04 | Lever Brothers Company | Machine dishwashing tablets containing an oxygen bleach system |
US5837663A (en) * | 1996-12-23 | 1998-11-17 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Machine dishwashing tablets containing a peracid |
BR9704788A (pt) * | 1997-09-23 | 1999-09-08 | Unilever Nv | Processo para aumentar a dissolução de tabletes detergentes para máquinas de lavar louça,combinaçaõ de composição detergente com sistema de embalagem ,e,embalagem |
EP1642960B1 (de) * | 2004-10-01 | 2007-10-31 | Unilever N.V. | Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteltabletten |
DE102013100195A1 (de) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-07-24 | Budich International Gmbh | Reinigertablette mit integriertem Vorreiniger |
CN110612188A (zh) * | 2017-05-12 | 2019-12-24 | 宝洁公司 | 用于制备颗粒的方法 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3390092A (en) * | 1965-03-30 | 1968-06-25 | Fmc Corp | Dishwashing detergent preparations containing sodium or potassium dichloroisocyanurate |
DE2435479A1 (de) * | 1974-07-24 | 1976-02-12 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Geschirrspuelmittel |
DE3447291A1 (de) * | 1984-12-24 | 1986-06-26 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Phosphatfreies mittel fuer das maschinelle geschirrspuelen |
CA1297376C (en) * | 1985-11-01 | 1992-03-17 | David Philip Jones | Detergent compositions, components therefor, and processes for theirpreparation |
DE3541145A1 (de) * | 1985-11-21 | 1987-05-27 | Henkel Kgaa | Einheitlich zusammengesetzte reinigungsmitteltabletten fuer das maschinelle geschirrspuelen |
DE3634813A1 (de) * | 1986-10-13 | 1988-04-14 | Henkel Kgaa | Reinigungsmitteltabletten fuer das maschinelle geschirrspuelen |
GB2234980A (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1991-02-20 | Unilever Plc | Detergent composition for machine dishwashers |
-
1990
- 1990-04-02 DE DE4010524A patent/DE4010524A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-03-25 EP EP91906795A patent/EP0523095B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-25 AT AT91906795T patent/ATE118540T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-25 ES ES91906795T patent/ES2068575T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-25 DE DE59104634T patent/DE59104634D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-03-25 WO PCT/EP1991/000568 patent/WO1991015568A1/de active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9115568A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1991015568A1 (de) | 1991-10-17 |
DE59104634D1 (de) | 1995-03-23 |
ATE118540T1 (de) | 1995-03-15 |
DE4010524A1 (de) | 1991-10-10 |
ES2068575T3 (es) | 1995-04-16 |
EP0523095B1 (de) | 1995-02-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE4112075C2 (de) | ||
EP0591282B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von reinigungsmitteltabletten für das maschinelle geschirrpülen | |
EP0264701B1 (de) | Reinigungsmitteltabletten für das maschinelle Geschirrspülen | |
EP0692020B1 (de) | Stabile, bifunktionelle, phosphat-, metasilikat- und polymerfreie niederalkalische reinigungsmitteltabletten für das maschinelle geschirrspülen und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung | |
EP0224129B1 (de) | Einheitlich zusammengesetzte Reinigungsmitteltabletten für das maschinelle Geschirrspülen | |
EP0224128B1 (de) | Mehrschichtige Reinigungsmitteltabletten für das maschinelle Geschirrspülen | |
EP0743978B1 (de) | Bleichtablette mit buildersubstanzen | |
EP1004656B1 (de) | Verdichtetes Granulat, Herstellungsverfahren und Verwendung als Sprengmittel für gepresste Formkörper | |
DE69404448T2 (de) | Geformter festkörper, oxidationsbleichmittel mit eingekapselter bleichmittelquelle enthaltend | |
DE69210669T2 (de) | Waschmittel enthaltender Gegenstand | |
DE69216191T2 (de) | Waschmittelpulver und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung | |
EP0523095B1 (de) | Stabile, bifunktionelle, phosphatfreie reinigungsmitteltabletten für das maschinelle geschirrspülen | |
EP0224135A2 (de) | Reinigungsmittelkompaktate | |
DE69731189T2 (de) | Tabletten und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung | |
DE19710254A1 (de) | Wasch- oder reinigungsaktive Formkörper für den Gebrauch im Haushalt | |
EP0871698B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von bruchstabilen reinigungstabletten | |
EP0877791B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von wasch- oder reinigungsmittelformkörpern | |
EP0658190B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von reinigungstabletten | |
WO1993010210A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung niederalkalischer, aktivchlor- und phosphatfreier maschinengeschirrspülmittel in form von schwergranulaten | |
DE10123621A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Wasserenthärtertablette | |
DE4325308A1 (de) | Feste waschaktive Zubereitung mit verbessertem Einspülverhalten |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19920923 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19931105 |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 118540 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19950315 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59104634 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19950323 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2068575 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19950518 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20010228 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20010313 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20010313 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20010319 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20010321 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20010327 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20010330 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20010515 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020325 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020325 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020326 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020331 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020331 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020331 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: *HENKEL K.G.A.A. Effective date: 20020331 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20021001 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20021001 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20020325 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20021129 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20021001 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20030410 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20050325 |