EP0479123B1 - Skischuhe mit schwenkbarem Vorderschaft - Google Patents

Skischuhe mit schwenkbarem Vorderschaft Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0479123B1
EP0479123B1 EP91116412A EP91116412A EP0479123B1 EP 0479123 B1 EP0479123 B1 EP 0479123B1 EP 91116412 A EP91116412 A EP 91116412A EP 91116412 A EP91116412 A EP 91116412A EP 0479123 B1 EP0479123 B1 EP 0479123B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
foot
shell base
ski boot
cuff
front cuff
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91116412A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0479123A1 (de
Inventor
Claude Perrissoud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Salomon SAS
Original Assignee
Salomon SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Salomon SAS filed Critical Salomon SAS
Priority to AT91116412T priority Critical patent/ATE91854T1/de
Publication of EP0479123A1 publication Critical patent/EP0479123A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0479123B1 publication Critical patent/EP0479123B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B5/00—Footwear for sporting purposes
    • A43B5/04—Ski or like boots
    • A43B5/0427—Ski or like boots characterised by type or construction details
    • A43B5/0435—Adjustment of the boot to the foot
    • A43B5/0443—Adjustment of the boot to the foot to the instep of the foot, e.g. metatarsals; Metatarsal clamping devices
    • A43B5/0447—Adjustment of the boot to the foot to the instep of the foot, e.g. metatarsals; Metatarsal clamping devices actuated by flexible means, e.g. cables, straps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ski boot with a rigid shell, the upper of which, at least partially articulated on a shell bottom, consists on the one hand, of a collar in at least one pivoting part on the shell shell and of on the other hand, from the rear end of a foot cover which closes the front opening of the bottom of the hull after fitting to ensure the holding of the foot and the front part of the lower leg.
  • ski boots of this type must meet various obligations; in particular, they require the use of rigid materials for the construction of their hull in order to be able to instantly transmit the impulses from the skier's foot and thus allow precise control of the skis in their driving.
  • the foot and the ankle are generally tightly held in the shoe by more or less flexible and / or anatomical adjustable parts and are protected from any injury at their joints by rigid parts of the shell, articulated together. and relatively far from said adjustable parts.
  • Such shoes also protect the foot from external shocks and blows, in particular from ski edges.
  • European patent application EP-A-0171685 illustrates a ski boot corresponding to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a slot extends longitudinally from the upper anterior end of the bottom of the shell to the anterior edge of the stem where it opens.
  • a pivoting front cover on the end of the shell bottom covers the slot and extends to the lower leg where it connects with a rear cover to ensure the closure of the rod.
  • the holding of the foot is carried out by means of a central closure comprising a traction and connection element interacting between the tongue and the bottom of the shell in the direction of approximation.
  • This same central closure also makes it possible to release them from a certain amplitude of movement, as a function of the released length of the traction element, in order to facilitate the engagement or the withdrawal of the foot when the upper of the shoe is open; as is clear, this possibility of travel is therefore without well-defined limit since it depends on the relaxation carried out using the central closure. Furthermore, the fact that the retention of the foot is a function of the tension exerted by the traction element on the hood and the bottom of the hull and therefore the bringing together of the latter, the front hood is more or less lowered in function foot volume.
  • this concept is capable of lowering further, after adjusting the holding of the foot, during skiing, in particular when the front supports stress the shoe upper in flexion; it then follows a certain relaxation of the traction element detrimental to the maintenance of the foot and therefore to the precise control of the skis.
  • the present invention proposes a new construction of a front cover adapted to be able to pivot in movement relative to the bottom of the shell according to an amplitude of predetermined value when the upper of the shoe is open thanks to a stroke limiting device also providing a connection between said hood and the bottom of the hull.
  • Another object of the invention is to make a device for holding the foot in the shoe cooperate with the front cover and its stroke limiting device so that, whatever the volume of the foot to be maintained and the desired tightening force, said travel limiting device serves abutment and reference element for adjusting the tension of at least one traction element of said foot holding device.
  • the ski boot according to the invention is of the type comprising a rigid shell bottom on which is at least partially articulated a rod provided with a front cover and a rear cover, both pivoting on said shell bottom, the one in the toe area, the other in the heel area.
  • the bottom of the shell is made with an upper longitudinal slot for introducing the foot, delimited by vertical extensions extending from the rigid sole and constituting the walls of the shoe which, at the malleoli, in association with the vertical parts. front and rear hoods form the upper of said shoe.
  • these walls are provided relatively deformable and / or flexible to closely match the shape of the foot, especially near their edge delimiting the longitudinal slot of the bottom of the hull; for the zone corresponding to the forefoot for example, the side walls are extended until they meet and / or overlap at least partially in order to achieve the wrapping of said forefoot.
  • the front cover covers all of this upper front part of the shell bottom, in particular the slot and its edge, from the end of the shoe where it is pivotally mounted up to the level of the upper and is authorized to a certain upward movement, when the upper is open, in order to facilitate the introduction and / or the exit of the foot of the shoe, by means of a stroke limiting device.
  • the front cover is obtained in one piece in the form of a curved gutter overlapping the slot in the bottom of the hull and has a front part whose wings partially cover the walls of the bottom of the hull, in the area forefoot; on the other hand, said wings of the hood are subject to the walls of the bottom of the shell, each by a link comprising a pin with a retaining head cooperating with an oblong opening which is substantially concentric with the pivot point of said hood on the toe .
  • the front cover is capable of being able to pivot in travel only within the limit authorized by the length of the oblong opening which intrinsically determines the extreme positions that said cover can take relative to the bottom of the hull, that is to say ie upwards when it is desired to disengage the insertion slot from the foot and downwards when, on the contrary, it is desired to close said slot in order to hold the foot in the shoe and / or seal the the latter.
  • the oblong lumen is obtained in the lateral extension of the front cover while the axis comes from the wall of the bottom of the hull, and comprises the retaining head intended to prevent any spreading of the extension corresponding to the bottom of the hull.
  • the oblong lumen is obtained in the bottom wall of the hull while the axis of the connection device is carried by the lateral extension of the front cover and includes the retaining head preventing any separation relative of said extension with respect to the corresponding wall.
  • the front cover is provided with at least one control member of a foot holding device interacting between said cover and the bottom of the shell at the edges of the longitudinal slot by the intermediate of at least one traction element such as a cable.
  • this foot holding device consists of an operating member which bears on the front part of the front cover and of a cable which, connected to at least one of the edges of the walls lateral of the bottom of the shell delimiting the slot in the forefoot area, is subjected in tension to said operating member; this cable extends from the edge to which it is connected to the opposite edge which it partially surrounds up to a reference located on the corresponding wall of the bottom of the hull; from this reference, the cable then rises to the front part of the cover which it crosses through a guide orifice and is connected to the operating member.
  • the edge to which it is connected is deformed by lengthening, which decreases the curve of the latter which is applied to the top of the foot with more or less pressure depending on whether the cable tension is high and the deformation of its wrapping curve of the foot is significant; simultaneously, owing to the fact that the operating member bears on the front part of the cover, the latter approaches the bottom of the hull as much as possible up to a low limit where the oblong light and the axis with retaining head abut .
  • the relative position of the retaining head axis and the oblong opening relative to the bottom of the shell is determined to ensure a relatively tight closure of the upper of the shoe.
  • the tightening and / or holding of the foot in the shoe is therefore preferably carried out when the stroke limiting device is brought into the stop position down; this limiting device thus constitutes a low reference stop for the front cover making it possible in particular to guarantee the precision and consistency of the adjustment of the foot-holding device.
  • this has two parts that are distinct in their mechanical properties; the first part, anterior, which corresponds to the forefoot area, is provided rigid while the second part, posterior, is flexible.
  • the purpose of this differentiation is to ensure, on the one hand, effective protection of the forefoot under the rigid part constituting a shield and, on the other hand, a possibility of bending the rod forward when the latter is closed on the lower leg of the skier, that is to say when the rear part of the front cover is connected to the rear cover.
  • this characteristic makes it possible to avoid any deformation or sagging of this part at the level of the support of the operating member and / or of the stroke limiting device, contributing thus to the precision of the adjustment of the foot holding device.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates, in perspective view, a ski boot comprising a front cover according to the invention with which an internal foot support device is associated.
  • Figure 2 is an elevational view of the shoe of Figure 1 seen from the inside and showing the extreme positions that the front cover is likely to take relative to the bottom of the shell.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are sectional views along line III-III of the shoe of Figure 2 and illustrating, respectively, the open position of the front cover and the closed position of the latter.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another ski boot provided with a front cover according to the invention with which is associated an internal foot support device using a sheathed cable with adjustable tension stops.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view illustrating the position of the constituent elements of the internal foot holding device of Figure 5, seen along the section planes IV-IV and V-V.
  • the ski boot which is represented in FIGS. 1 to 4 comprises a rigid shell bottom 1 on which is articulated a rod 2 provided with a front cover 3 and a rear cover 4; the bottom of the shell 1 has an upper longitudinal slot 5 for introducing the foot which extends from the toe 6 of the boot to the heel 7.
  • This slot 5 is delimited, among other things, by vertical extensions 8 in the area of malleoli and vertical extensions 9 in the forefoot area, the end of the latter ending in the form of tongues 9 'and overlapping at least partially to achieve the wrapping of the top of the forefoot.
  • the rear cover 4 is pivotable on the shell bottom 1 in the heel area around a horizontal transverse axis 10 and the front cover 3, around attachment points 11 located nearby the toe 6 of the shoe. Furthermore, the rear cover 4 is obtained with two lateral wings 12 which on the one hand surround the vertical extensions 8 of the bottom of the shell 1 on which they snap into place by holes 14 'on projecting studs 14 and on the other hand, at least partially the vertical rear part 13 of the front cover 3; the rear cover 4 thus constitutes, in association with a connection device 22 of the wings 12, the collar for closing the rod 2 on the lower leg of the skier.
  • the front cover 3 this is obtained in one piece in the form of a curved gutter overlapping the slot 5 of the bottom of the shell 1 by its rear part 13 on the lower leg area and by its front part 23 on the forefoot area; the latter covers the tabs 9 'and at least partially the vertical extensions 9 which form the walls of the bottom of the shell 1, approximately at the base of the instep area.
  • the front cover 3 has two lateral extensions 15 which extend downwards on the walls 9; in accordance with the invention, the front cover 3 is secured to these walls by means of its lateral extensions 15 and connecting devices 21 comprising an axis 16 with retaining head 17 cooperating with an oblong opening 18.
  • the axis 16 comes from the walls 9 of the bottom of the shell 1 while the oblong opening 18 is obtained in the lateral extensions 15 of the said front cover 3.
  • the closure collar 4 of the rod 2 being previously open, the oblong opening 18 is preferably substantially concentric with the attachment points 11 and extends over a certain predetermined length which fixes the amplitude of said movement.
  • the relative position of the axis 16 and the oblong opening 18 relative to the bottom of the hull and to the front cover 3 conversely is fixed by construction at a certain height for which the axis 16 on the one hand is abutment on the upper bottom 19 of the light 18 when the cover 3 is pressed down against the bottom of the shell 1 which it closes and on the other hand, is in abutment on the lower bottom 20 of said light 18 when the cover front 3 is in the raised position.
  • the front part 23 of the front cover 3 partially overlaps in a hollow form 26 formed on the tip 6 of the bottom of the shell 1.
  • an internal foot holding device 30 interacting between the bottom of the shell 1 and the front cover 3 cooperates with the connecting device 21 of the latter and constitutes the means for controlling the closing and opening of said cover. before 3 simultaneously with the achievement of the holding of the foot or that of the release thereof in the shoe.
  • This device internal foot support 30 consists of an operating member 31, such as a lever, which bears in a housing 37 on the front cover 3 and a cable 32 for connection from one wall 9 to the other wall 9 of the upper longitudinal slot 5.
  • the cable 32 is anchored in the end of one of the tongues 9 'which extends these walls 9, partially surrounds the opposite tongue 9' up to a reference 33 located on the wall 9 corresponding and goes up to the lever 31 passing through a guide orifice 34 produced in the front part 23 of the front cover 3.
  • the tongue 9 'to which it is connected deforms by elongating and lowers on the other tongue 9' which it drives in the direction of the foot, not shown; simultaneously, the fact that the operating member 31 bears on the front part 23 of the cover 3, and as soon as the pressure exerted on the foot reaches a certain value, said cover 3 is urged to approach the bottom of the shell 1.
  • FIG 4 there is shown the front cover 3 in a closed position on the bottom of the shell 1 in coincidence with the abutment of the bottom 19 of the oblong slot 18 on the axis 16 for a tightening value of the foot in the shoe precisely giving a sufficient vertical result to lower said hood to this position.
  • the front cover 3 is produced with a relative differentiation of the mechanical characteristics between its front 23 and rear 13; in fact, the front part 23 being intended to protect the foot which is held in the shoe by means of the internal holding device 30 is therefore advantageously rigid and undeformable.
  • the rear part 13 which envelops the region of the lower leg and which is caused to flex with the rod 2 during skiing, while ensuring good support of the front support of said lower leg, the latter is provided relatively flexible at least beyond the area of the instep, or even from that of the flexion fold.
  • the rear part 13 is capable of participating in the control of the bending of the rod with the other component parts of the latter and that, in particular, it is provided smooth to admit a relative movement of sliding with respect to to the wings 12 of the rear cover 4.
  • the front cover 3 is equipped with two internal foot-holding devices for the zone corresponding to the forefoot, each lever 31, or member of operation, controlling a cable 32 each connected to the same tab 9 'for the two devices.
  • a single operating member can secure two cables, or even a single cable but with a reference from one tab 9 'to the other, in the manner of a lace.
  • a single device for holding the foot 40 as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 which follow, can implement a single cable 42 but in an area close to or distant from the operating member 45.
  • the shoe ski is of the type comprising a rear cover 44 pivoting on the bottom of the shell 41 around an axis 43 located in the region of the malleoli while the front cover 3 is articulated, as before, around its attachment points 11 located on the toe 6 of the shoe and is subject to the shell bottom 41 by a linkage and travel control device 21 on each of its lateral extensions 15.
  • the internal foot support device 40 shown implements a member maneuver 45, such as a lever pivoted on a yoke 53 constituting its support, and a sheathed cable 42, the sheath 46 constituting the return element between the clamping and / or holding area of the foot and the operation 45.
  • the sheath 46 is provided flexible and incompressible and is mounted between two stops 48 and 49 arranged, respectively, on one of the edges 9 of the slot 5 ending in a tongue 9 'and on the cover. front 3, between the two ends 51 and 52 of the cable 42 connecting the operating member 45 to the other of the tongues 9 'of said longitudinal slot 5.
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible, for example, to hold the foot in the area of the bending fold and of placing the operating member 52 on the front part 23 of the cover, outside the bending zone of the rear part 13 of said cover.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Ladders (AREA)
  • Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Skischuh mit starrem Schalenunterteil (1) mit einem oberen Längsspalt (5) zur Einführung des Fußes, einem Schaft (2), der mindestens teilweise am Schalenunterteil angelenkt ist und aus einer vorderen Kappe (3) und einer hinteren Kappe (4) besteht, wobei die vordere Kappe mit begrenztem Durchfederungsweg um das Kopfende (6) des Schalenunterteils schwenkbar ist, den ganzen vorderen oberen Teil des Schalenunterteils abdeckt und in Form einer gekrümmten Dachrinne ausgebildet ist, welche sich dem entsprechenden Teil des Spaltes (5) des Schalenunterteils (1, 41) anpaßt und diesen überlappt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese Dachrinne seitliche Verlängerunben (15) aufweist, welche sich teilweise auf den Wänden (9) des Schalenunterteils im Bereich des Vorderfußes erstrecken und welche an diesen Wänden (9) befestigt sind jeweils mit Hilfe einer Verbindungsvorrichtung (21), welche aus einem Zapfen (16) und einem Langloch (18) besteht im wesentlichen konzentrisch zu den Befestigungspunkten (11) der vorderen Kappe (3), um welche die Kappe schwenkbar ist, wobei diese Verbindungsvorrichtung (21) durch die Länge des Langlochs (18) die mögliche vertikale Durchfederungsamplitude der vorderen Kappe (3) bestimmt.
  2. Skischuh nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der vordere Teil (23) der vorderen Kappe (3), welcher mit den seitlichen Verlängerungen (15) versehen ist, starr ist, während der hintere Teil (13) entsprechend dem Bereich, welcher sich vom Vordefuß bis zum unteren Beinteil erstreckt, flexibel ist.
  3. Skischuh nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die relative Position des Zapfens (16) und des Langlochs (18) jeder Verbindungsvorrichtung (21) im Verhältnis zum Schaltenunterteil (1, 41) und zur vorderen Kappe (3) die extremen Durchfederungspositionen der vorderen Kappe (3) bestimmt entweder in Annäherung an das Schalenunterteil (1, 41), wenn der Zapfen (16) in unterem Anschlag auf einem der Böden (19, 20) des Langlochs (18) ist, oder in Entfernung von diesem, wenn der Zapfen (16) in oberem Anschlag in dem anderen gegenüberliegenden Boden der Böden (19, 20) des Langlochs ist.
  4. Skischuh nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in jeder Verbindungsvorrichtung (21) das Langloch (18) in der seitlichen Verlängerung (15) der vorderen Kappe (3) ausgebildet ist, während der Zapfen (16) der Wand (9) des Schalenunterteils (1, 41) entstammt und einen Haltekopf (17) aufweist, welcher dazu bestimmt ist, jede Entfernung der entsprechenden Verlängerung (15) im Verhältnis zum Schalenunterteil (1, 41) zu verhindern.
  5. Skischuh nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in jeder Verbindungsvorrichtung (21) das Langloch (18) in der Wand (9) des Schalenunterteils (1, 41) ausgebildet ist, während der Zapfen (16) der Verbindungsvorrichtung (21) von der seitlichen Verlängerung (15) der vorderen Kappe (3) getragen wird und einen Haltekopf (17) aufweist, welcher jede relative Entfernung der Verlängerung (15) im Verhältnis zu der enstprechenden Wand (9) verhindert.
  6. Skischuh nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine innere Fußhalterungsvorrichtung (30, 40) mit der vorderen Kappe (3) verbunden ist, welche zwischen der letzteren und dem oberen Langsspalt (5) zur Einführung des Fußes wirkt, wobei die Kappe (3) mindestens eine Abstützungskammer (37, 53) für mindestens ein Betätigungsorgan (31, 45) der Fußhalterungsvorrichtung (30, 40) aufweist.
  7. Skischuh nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Betätigungsorgan (31, 45) der inneren Fußhalterungsvorrichtung (30, 40) ein biegsames Zugelement (32, 42) spannt, welches mit einem der Enden (9') der Ränder (9) einer Wand des Schalenunterteils (1, 41) verbunden ist, welcher den Spalt (5) begrenzt, wobei dieses Zugelement (32, 42) das andere gegenüberliegende Ende (9') des Spaltes (5) und mindestens teilweise die entsprechende Wand (9) des Schalenunterteils (1, 41) umgibt, dann ansteigt bis zu dem Betätigungsorgan (31, 45), wobei sein Spannen die Annäherung der Enden (9') des Spaltes (5) in Richtung des Fußes und das Absenken der vorderen Kappe (3) auf das Schalenunterteil (1, 41) maximal soweit verursacht, bis der Zapfen (16) der Bahnbegrenzungs-Verbindunbsvorrichtung (21) in unterem Anschlag auf dem Boden (19) des Langloches (18) ist.
  8. Skischuh nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Zugelement der Fußhalterungsvorrichtung (40) ein Kabel (42) ist, welches von einer flexiblen, nicht kompressiblen Umhüllung (46) umgeben ist, welche positionsmäßig festgelegt ist zwischen einem Anschlag (48) auf einem (9') der Ränder (9) des Spaltes (5) und einem Anschlag (49) auf der vorderen Kappe (3), wobei diese Anschläge (48, 49) ihrerseits zwischen den Enden (51, 52) des Kabels (42) angeordnet sind, welche das Betätigungsorgan (45) mit dem anderen (9') der Ränder (9) des Spaltes (5) verbinden.
  9. Skischuh nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der starre Teil (23) der vorderen Kappe (3) teilweise in das Kopfende (6) des Schalenunterteils (1, 41) eingelassen ist und auf diesem unter Einschaltung einer schwenkbaren Verbindung (11) gehalten ist.
  10. Skischuh nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der hintere Teil (13) der vorderen Kappe (3), welcher sich auf dem Bereich des unteren Beinteils erstreckt, bedeckt wird von querverlaufenden Zungen (12), welche von der hinteren Kappe (4) stammen, welche einen Verschlußkragen des Schaftes (2) auf dem unteren Beinteil bildet.
EP91116412A 1990-10-02 1991-09-26 Skischuhe mit schwenkbarem Vorderschaft Expired - Lifetime EP0479123B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT91116412T ATE91854T1 (de) 1990-10-02 1991-09-26 Skischuhe mit schwenkbarem vorderschaft.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9012340 1990-10-02
FR9012340A FR2667224B1 (fr) 1990-10-02 1990-10-02 Chaussure de ski a capot avant pivotant.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0479123A1 EP0479123A1 (de) 1992-04-08
EP0479123B1 true EP0479123B1 (de) 1993-07-28

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91116412A Expired - Lifetime EP0479123B1 (de) 1990-10-02 1991-09-26 Skischuhe mit schwenkbarem Vorderschaft

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5272823A (de)
EP (1) EP0479123B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH04226601A (de)
AT (1) ATE91854T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69100203T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2667224B1 (de)

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US9878229B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2018-01-30 Bauer Hockey, Llc Skate with injected boot form
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US4825566A (en) * 1986-12-23 1989-05-02 Nordica S.P.A. Ski boot
DE3721465A1 (de) * 1987-06-30 1989-01-19 Kastinger Skiboots Skistiefel mit hintereinstieg
IT1220797B (it) * 1988-02-09 1990-06-21 Nrodica Spa Struttura di leva,particolarmente per scarponi da sci
AT397193B (de) * 1989-04-11 1994-02-25 Dynafit Skischuh Gmbh Skischuh

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2667224A1 (fr) 1992-04-03
DE69100203D1 (de) 1993-09-02
DE69100203T2 (de) 1994-01-27
ATE91854T1 (de) 1993-08-15
JPH04226601A (ja) 1992-08-17
US5272823A (en) 1993-12-28
FR2667224B1 (fr) 1992-11-13
EP0479123A1 (de) 1992-04-08

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