EP0433405A1 - Composition de graisse lubrifiante. - Google Patents

Composition de graisse lubrifiante.

Info

Publication number
EP0433405A1
EP0433405A1 EP90908203A EP90908203A EP0433405A1 EP 0433405 A1 EP0433405 A1 EP 0433405A1 EP 90908203 A EP90908203 A EP 90908203A EP 90908203 A EP90908203 A EP 90908203A EP 0433405 A1 EP0433405 A1 EP 0433405A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base oil
thickener
grease composition
lubricating grease
ester
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90908203A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0433405B1 (fr
Inventor
Edwin Seubert
Dieter Sohn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Klueber Lubrication Muenchen GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Klueber Lubrication Muenchen GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6381984&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0433405(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Klueber Lubrication Muenchen GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Klueber Lubrication Muenchen GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0433405A1 publication Critical patent/EP0433405A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0433405B1 publication Critical patent/EP0433405B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/02—Mixtures of base-materials and thickeners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/36—Esters of polycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M119/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M119/24—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/2825—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/284—Esters of aromatic monocarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/285—Esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/285—Esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/2855—Esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/10—Amides of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C10M2215/102—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/042—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds between the nitrogen-containing monomer and an aldehyde or ketone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/043—Mannich bases

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grease composition composed of a base oil and a smaller proportion of a thickener based on a polyurea compound, and also conventional additives.
  • Such lubricants are e.g. known from DE-OS 33 03 442, wherein the base oil is a mineral or synthetic oil, such as a naphthenic or paraffin-based base oil and the thickener is the reaction product of an isocyanate with at least 3 isocyanate groups in the molecule with a long-chain aliphatic monoamine, preferably with 16 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • the base oil is a mineral or synthetic oil, such as a naphthenic or paraffin-based base oil
  • the thickener is the reaction product of an isocyanate with at least 3 isocyanate groups in the molecule with a long-chain aliphatic monoamine, preferably with 16 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • Such grease compositions can be used for long-term use temperatures of 150-160 ° C.
  • compositions which each contain an ester as the base oil and have a consistency with a penetration of 220 to 385 at 0.1 mm and where the thickener consists of an aromatic mono- or diisocyanate and an alkyl, alkenyl radical with 8 to 22 C- Atoms or aryl radicals composed of 6 to 10 carbon atoms have been found to be particularly silencing, the property being particularly important in the case of mechanically moving parts in electronic apparatus, such as turntables, tapes and video equipment, etc.
  • Lubricating grease preparations of this type are suitable for roller bearings which have to withstand temperatures of up to 180 ° C.
  • the lubricating grease composition according to the invention consisting of a base oil and a smaller proportion of a thickening agent based on a polyurea compound and conventional additives is characterized in that the base oil is an ester of an aromatic di-, tri- or tetracarboxylic acid with one or more C ..- C, Q -alkanols and the thickener is the reaction product of a compound of the general formula
  • the mixture of base oil and thickener has a consistency with a penetration of 220-385, 0.1 mm.
  • Such greases correspond to NLGI class 3 to 0 according to DIN ISO 2137.
  • the preferred base oils have a viscosity of 18 to 400 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C.
  • Lubricants are preferably used in which the base oil is a C 1 -C 4 -alcohol ester of phthalic acid, trimellitic acid or pyromellitic acid and the thickener is the reaction product of a methylene-bis-phenyl isocyanate or tolylene diisocyanate such as a mixture of 2. 4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, with a C to C __ alkylamine or A inen or naphthylamine.
  • the additives used against corrosion, oxidation and for protection against metal influences which act as chelate compounds, radical scavengers, UV converters and the like, are known per se and are customary in the trade.
  • the noise test is carried out by means of a test arrangement which is particularly suitable for this purpose, a suitable roller bearing having a rotational speed of 1800 min " being run.
  • the noise is measured directly on the outer ring of the rolling bearing by means of an accelerometer.
  • the vibrations recorded by the device are divided into three frequency ranges (low 50 - 300 Hz, medium 300 - 1800 Hz, high 1800 - 10000 Hz). In addition, maximum peaks are also registered.
  • the measured values are evaluated by a computer and referenced to the values which were measured with a reference lubricant. Relative values are obtained in this way compared to the reference value, which is fixed at 100%.
  • the lubricant preparation according to the invention shows values in all areas of around 100% compared to a lubricant made from mineral oil and polyurea, which shows peak values of up to 368%.
  • the fat is homogenized by repeated rolling on a three-roll mill. This homogenization process is of particular importance for the noise behavior. In this way, a grease of NLGI class 0 according to DIN ISO 2137 is obtained. This fat obtained in this way is tested on a noise test bench, which differentiates according to three frequency bands and maximum peaks.
  • Example 2 In 839.5 g of an ester oil consisting of an ester the pyro ellitic acid and an isomeric C-8 alcohol, diisocyanate and amine are reacted as in Example 2. Implementation, additives and homogenization take place in the same way as in Example 1.
  • Noise behavior of the lubricants of Examples 1 to 3 in 3 frequency ranges (1) with maximum peak values (2) or (3).
  • Fig. 2 - the graphical representation of the noise behavior of a comparative lubricant according to the prior art in three frequency ranges (1), (2) and with the maximum peak value (4).
  • Table 1 the numerical statistical evaluation of the lubricant noise test according to FIG. 1 for examples 1 to 3 and
  • Table 2 the same evaluation for the comparison fat according to FIG. 2.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Cette graisse lubrifiante contient une huile de base et une proportion moins importante d'un épaississant à base d'un composé polycarbamide, ainsi que les additifs habituels. L'huile de base est l'ester d'un acide dicarboxylique, tricarboxylique ou tétracarboxylique aromatique avec un ou plusieurs alcanols C7-C18. L'épaississant est un produit de la réaction entre un composé correspondant à la formule A(B)n (I) et une amine correspondant à la formule H2N-R (II), où A = CH4-n, B = résidu mono-isocyanate ou di-isocyanate, n = 1 à 3, R = résidu alkyle ou alcényle avec 8 à 22 atomes de C ou résidu aryle avec 6 à 10 atomes de C. Le mélange d'huile de base et d'épaississant a une consistance dont la pénétration est de 220 à 385, 0,1 mm.
EP90908203A 1989-06-02 1990-05-30 Composition de graisse lubrifiante Expired - Lifetime EP0433405B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3918107 1989-06-02
DE3918107A DE3918107A1 (de) 1989-06-02 1989-06-02 Schmierfettzusammensetzung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0433405A1 true EP0433405A1 (fr) 1991-06-26
EP0433405B1 EP0433405B1 (fr) 1993-08-04

Family

ID=6381984

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90908203A Expired - Lifetime EP0433405B1 (fr) 1989-06-02 1990-05-30 Composition de graisse lubrifiante

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (1) US6063743A (fr)
EP (1) EP0433405B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0745677B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR930007894B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE92518T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU627892B2 (fr)
BG (1) BG60784B1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9006784A (fr)
CA (1) CA2033074C (fr)
DE (1) DE3918107A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0433405T3 (fr)
ES (2) ES2020147A6 (fr)
FI (1) FI910504A0 (fr)
HU (1) HU211182B (fr)
NO (1) NO910365L (fr)
RO (1) RO109670B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU1836410C (fr)
WO (1) WO1990015125A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3330755B2 (ja) * 1994-10-17 2002-09-30 日本精工株式会社 グリース組成物
DE19622906A1 (de) * 1996-06-07 1997-12-11 Klueber Lubrication Schmierfettzusammensetzungen
DE19730318C2 (de) * 1997-07-15 2002-04-04 Klueber Lubrication Schmierfettzusammensetzung, Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben sowie deren Verwendung
GB9803367D0 (en) 1998-02-17 1998-04-15 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricating grease composition and preparation
US6417143B1 (en) * 1998-10-30 2002-07-09 Ntn Corporation Rolling bearings and greases for the same
JP4327929B2 (ja) * 1999-03-03 2009-09-09 協同油脂株式会社 低騒音性に優れたウレアグリースの製造方法
US6498130B2 (en) * 2000-07-11 2002-12-24 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Lubricating grease composition and preparation
US6916768B2 (en) * 2003-02-20 2005-07-12 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Low noise grease gelling agents
US8889604B2 (en) 2010-07-30 2014-11-18 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Method of preparing greases
US9012384B2 (en) 2010-07-30 2015-04-21 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Method of preparing greases
RU2476588C2 (ru) * 2011-02-14 2013-02-27 Российская Федерация, От Имени Которой Выступает Министерство Промышленности И Торговли Российской Федерации Пластичная смазка для высокоскоростных радиально-упорных подшипников для гироскопов и синхронных гиромоторов
DE102020112993A1 (de) 2020-05-13 2021-11-18 Klüber Lubrication München Se & Co. Kg Lithiumkomplexhybridfett
WO2022019198A1 (fr) * 2020-07-22 2022-01-27 株式会社ジェイテクト Matière première pour graisse, procédé de production de matière première de graisse, procédé de production de graisse et graisse

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US3082170A (en) * 1960-09-23 1963-03-19 Gulf Research Development Co Polyorgano siloxane thickened to a grease consistency with a diazo compound and an arylurea
US3243372A (en) * 1961-01-24 1966-03-29 Chevron Res Greases thickened with polyurea
US3299110A (en) * 1963-08-22 1967-01-17 Exxon Research Engineering Co Condensation of carboxylic acids and olefins to produce esters
US3620695A (en) * 1969-04-10 1971-11-16 Texaco Inc Thickened compositions and process of preparing them
US3629695A (en) * 1969-07-31 1971-12-21 Texas Instruments Inc Prerecorded electronic tape controlled circuit testing system utilizing digital signal logic
US3766071A (en) * 1970-10-01 1973-10-16 Shell Oil Co Diurethane diurea thickened grease compositions
US3879305A (en) * 1973-03-26 1975-04-22 Mobil Oil Corp Grease thickened with oxygen-linked or sulfur-linked polyureas
DE2447371A1 (de) * 1974-10-04 1976-04-15 Consortium Elektrochem Ind Verfahren zur herstellung von benzophenoncarbonsaeureestern und deren homologen
DD235801A3 (de) * 1976-11-29 1986-05-21 Petrolchemisches Kombinat Eindicker fuer schmierfluessigkeiten
US4065395A (en) * 1976-12-06 1977-12-27 Gulf Research & Development Company Aryl diurea-thickened greases
JPS5951998A (ja) * 1982-09-17 1984-03-26 Chuo Yuka Kk トリウレアグリ−ス組成物
DE3303442A1 (de) * 1983-02-02 1984-08-16 Optimol-Ölwerke GmbH, 8000 München Schmierfettzusammensetzung, ihre herstellung und verwendung
DD228295B1 (de) * 1983-08-08 1987-09-23 Petrolchemisches Kombinat Halbfluessiger konsistenter schmierstoff fuer schneckengetriebe, bestaendig gegen ionisierende strahlung
DE3635490A1 (de) * 1986-10-18 1988-04-21 Basf Ag Verwendung von polycarbonsaeureestern in voll- oder teilsynthetischen schmiermitteln und schmiermittel, die diese ester enthalten
JPS63162790A (ja) * 1986-12-26 1988-07-06 Kyodo Yushi Kk ウレアグリ−ス組成物
EP0274756B1 (fr) * 1987-01-09 1990-10-31 Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. Composition de graisse contenant des composés à groupes urées et uréthanes
US5164122A (en) * 1988-04-18 1992-11-17 The Lubrizol Corporation Thermal oxidatively stable synthetic fluid composition
JP2576898B2 (ja) * 1989-03-04 1997-01-29 日本石油株式会社 グリース組成物

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO9015125A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HUT57823A (en) 1991-12-30
ATE92518T1 (de) 1993-08-15
KR930007894B1 (ko) 1993-08-21
KR920701405A (ko) 1992-08-11
EP0433405B1 (fr) 1993-08-04
BR9006784A (pt) 1991-08-06
AU627892B2 (en) 1992-09-03
BG60784B1 (bg) 1996-03-29
ES2020147A6 (es) 1991-07-16
DE3918107A1 (de) 1990-12-06
JPH0745677B2 (ja) 1995-05-17
JPH03504397A (ja) 1991-09-26
ES2044594T3 (es) 1994-01-01
US6063743A (en) 2000-05-16
HU904230D0 (en) 1991-07-29
CA2033074A1 (fr) 1990-12-03
RU1836410C (ru) 1993-08-23
DK0433405T3 (da) 1993-12-27
BG93644A (bg) 1993-12-24
RO109670B1 (ro) 1995-04-28
WO1990015125A1 (fr) 1990-12-13
AU5723290A (en) 1991-01-07
CA2033074C (fr) 1994-02-15
HU211182B (en) 1995-11-28
NO910365D0 (no) 1991-01-31
FI910504A0 (fi) 1991-02-01
NO910365L (no) 1991-01-31

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