EP0406783B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'objets creux à partir de fibres lignocellulosiques - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'objets creux à partir de fibres lignocellulosiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0406783B1
EP0406783B1 EP90112631A EP90112631A EP0406783B1 EP 0406783 B1 EP0406783 B1 EP 0406783B1 EP 90112631 A EP90112631 A EP 90112631A EP 90112631 A EP90112631 A EP 90112631A EP 0406783 B1 EP0406783 B1 EP 0406783B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mold
water
suspension
bonding agents
formed element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90112631A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0406783A2 (fr
EP0406783A3 (en
Inventor
Eckhard Dipl.-Volkswirt Jagdt
Paul Dipl.-Ing. Buchholzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19893922382 external-priority patent/DE3922382A1/de
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP0406783A2 publication Critical patent/EP0406783A2/fr
Publication of EP0406783A3 publication Critical patent/EP0406783A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0406783B1 publication Critical patent/EP0406783B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21J—FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
    • D21J3/00—Manufacture of articles by pressing wet fibre pulp, or papier-mâché, between moulds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing molded parts with a spatial shape from lignocellulose-containing fibers according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • the production of molded parts with a spatial shape from lignocellulose-containing chips and fibers is preferably carried out in the pressing process using the required strengths, i.e. the spreading process is followed by the pressing process.
  • the strengths of the molded parts produced in this way are also sufficient for larger dimensions. These are mostly synthetic resin-bonded molded parts with a resin content of 4 to 20%. These molded parts are expensive. Environmentally harmful substances are emitted when such molded parts are burned. Both are disadvantageous.
  • a casting process is known, according to which molded parts are produced from fibers containing lignocellulose (porous fiberboard) without subsequent pressing.
  • the fiber suspension is placed in a casting box and the excess water is then expelled using a vacuum or gravity.
  • These panels have a strength which, due to the low material density, is not sufficient for a wide range of applications. If it is used to produce spatial molded parts of larger dimensions, in which heavy objects may also have to be transported, the strengths are not sufficient. If you want to achieve higher strengths, the walls and the bottom of such molded parts must have a disproportionately large wall thickness. This is disadvantageous, the applicability or usability of such molded parts is thereby limited.
  • the coffin industry relies on making coffins from solid wood, since the use of coffins from lignocellulose-containing chips and fibers has so far failed for the reasons mentioned above (no emission-free, high costs, insufficient strength).
  • a further production process for molded parts made of lignocellulose-containing fibers is known (VDI-Nachschreib (No. 32 / August 12, 1988).
  • An aqueous slurry of lignocellulose-containing material is then poured into a casting mold and the water is then sucked off with a vacuum.
  • the raw mass dries into With this procedure it is important that the resulting pressure drop acts evenly over the entire cross-section of the mold. If this is not done, a molded part with an uneven thickness and material density distribution is created.
  • nonwovens / fibreboards are used in the production Corresponding baffles are used. This possibility does not exist in the production of molded parts.
  • molded parts made of cast fiber according to the known method have inaccurate dimensions and uneven density distribution. This is disadvantageous.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing molded parts with spatial shaping from lignocellulose-containing fibers, according to which the molded part is easy to produce and has controllable strengths even with complicated profiling while maintaining uniform density distribution and dimensions.
  • the molded part By producing the molded part by the process according to the invention in such a way that the water-binder fiber suspension is introduced into a mold under pressure, it is achieved that a molded part with a uniform density distribution is produced both in the bottom section and in the walls. Even with molded parts with a complicated profile, a uniform density distribution can be achieved in the entire molded part.
  • a variable part with the desired strength is produced by the variable setting of the pressure and the negative pressure required to extract the excess water.
  • the application of pressure makes it possible to control the thickness of the floor and the walls. By introducing the suspension by pouring under pressure and simultaneously sucking off the excess water using a vacuum pump, much less vacuum is required than when pouring without pressure. This reduces the energy requirement.
  • the molded parts produced by casting with pressure application have no points which are not sufficiently compressed and thereby lower the strength of the molded part.
  • the fiber content of the suspension can be increased, so that the volume of the material to be introduced is significantly smaller than in the manufacturing process without pressure. Due to the application of pressure, the entire manufacturing process takes considerably less time than comparable processes without the application of pressure. In this way, the economy of the manufacturing process can be significantly increased.
  • smaller mold dimensions are required when the suspension is introduced under pressure than during the manufacturing process without applying pressure.
  • the bottom section of the molded part can be produced separately from the walls. This is particularly advantageous if e.g. the floor should have different strengths or material density than the walls. Furthermore, this method of producing the molded part in two steps is particularly advantageous when it concerns molded parts with a large floor area.
  • the procedure can be such that the suspension introduced into the mold is additionally mechanically compressed.
  • One way of carrying out the compression process is to lower a compression stamp into the mold.
  • the additional mechanical compression is always chosen when the molded parts to be manufactured are subject to particularly high demands in terms of strength and density.
  • the density of the moldings according to the invention is preferably 150 kg / m3 to 350 kg / m3.
  • the corresponding bending strength values are between 1.2 N / mm2. It can be determined by the fiber mass to be dosed and the choice of the pressure and vacuum to be used. This specified material density can be adhered to exactly by the method according to the invention.
  • a manufacturing method for molded parts with spatial shaping from lignocellulosic fibers in which the suspension introduced into a mold is compressed twice.
  • the individual compression processes are independent of each other; the first compression process serves to compress the bottom section of the molded part, the second compression process serves to compress the walls of the molded part to be produced.
  • the density of the walls and the bottom section can be the same or different.
  • the strengths of these two parts of the molded part can also be the same or different. This can be easily achieved by using the two-stage compression process.
  • the mechanical compression takes place by means of stamps which can be lowered into the mold.
  • the first punch which can be lowered into the mold and which serves to compress the bottom section is selected such that it also serves as a rough shape for the walls.
  • the variation of the thickness dimensions of the bottom section and the walls can be realized either by appropriate travel paths of the punches or by using different punches.
  • the former alternative is particularly inexpensive and simple in terms of device.
  • the water is expelled by gravity or vacuum.
  • the part is preferably dried at 180 ° C. In the case of parts with an average wall thickness of approximately 2 cm, the drying time is approximately one and a half to two hours. If the molded part remains in the outer or inner mold during the drying process, the convex wall deformations occurring in the direction of the molded part center due to the tensile stresses during drying are prevented.
  • the economy of the process according to the invention is significantly increased by the fact that the water-binder suspension is used in the recycling process.
  • the fiber suspension used to manufacture the molded parts can consist of 100% defibrator wood pulp with vegetable binders. It is advantageous if the binding and adhesive agent forms a neutral colloidal solution with water, at the same time performing the function of a suspending agent.
  • the molded parts produced by the process according to the invention have the advantages already described, such as uniform density distribution in the entire molded part, uniform strength in the entire molded part or uniform density and strength distribution only in the base section or only in the walls, i.e. a targeted reinforcement of a part of the molded part is possible.
  • the molded part has further stiffeners, the insertion of reinforcements on the bottom or side is not problematic in the manufacturing process.
  • the methods according to the invention are not limited to the production of molded parts of smaller dimensions. Molded parts can be produced which have a complicated profile and have a size of a few meters. This is possible because, due to the application of pressure or compression during the manufacturing process, much higher strengths of the molded part are achieved than when manufacturing without pressure and without compression. In addition, the strength of the molded part can be adjusted according to the requirements by varying the pressure and the negative pressure.
  • the processing of the finished molded part is possible as with solid wood.
  • the methods according to the invention can preferably be used for the production of molded parts for the coffin industry.
  • these processes are suitable for the production of molded parts for the packaging industry, gardening supplies or insulation purposes.
  • the mold for producing the molded parts consists of two parts, an inner and an outer mold. This advantageous design is particularly useful when the wall thickness or the base thickness of the molded part is to be varied while maintaining the external dimensions.
  • the outer shape advantageously has perforations on the bottom and on the sides. These allow a simple drainage process due to negative pressure or gravity.
  • a device which has a stamp which can be lowered from above into an outer mold perforated on the side and / or bottom. At the same time, this stamp has the function of limiting the filling space for the suspension.
  • a device which has an outer shape provided with bottom and side perforations and has a pouring plunger that can be lowered from above.
  • the casting ram compresses the bottom section and, in cooperation with the outer shape, represents a raw contour for the walls of the molded part.
  • a further ram that can be lowered into the outer shape is provided to compress the walls.
  • the device for carrying out the method has a casting box 1, consisting of a lower part 1 'and upper part 1' ', an outer mold 2 provided with perforations on the side and bottom and a compression ram 3.
  • feed channels 4 are provided for entering the suspension.
  • the process sequence is as follows: The suspension 5 is introduced through the channels 4 into the outer mold 2 under pressure. If the filling space 5 ', which is delimited by the walls of the outer mold 2 and the inner walls of the stamp 3, is filled with suspension, the stamp 3 is lowered and the supply of suspension is interrupted. At the same time, the excess water is expelled from the suspension 5 by means of negative pressure, which is facilitated by the perforations made in the outer mold 2. The molded part 6 thus produced is then dried at elevated temperature and heat treated.
  • the device has the following components: a mixer 7, a metering pump 8, an outer mold 10, which is attached in a casting box 9 and is perforated on the bottom and sides, a separator 11, a vacuum reservoir 12, a vacuum pump 13, a casting die 14, a pressing die 15, a separate, perforated inner mold 16 and a drying cabinet 17.
  • the procedure is as follows: A suspension in the mixer 7 is produced from the constituents water (A), fibers (B) and binder (C) with the addition of the expelled water with binder constituents (D). The suspension is poured into the perforated outer mold 10, which is inserted between the upper and lower part of the casting box 9.
  • the casting process is interrupted and the sedimentation of the fibers is waited until no more water flows out of the separator 11.
  • the casting die 14 is placed centrally in the outer mold 10, the cast fiber flow being compressed by its own weight and / or mechanical pressure.
  • the molding base 18 is produced by this process.
  • Molded walls 19 are then produced by pouring the suspension into the space between the outer contour of the die 14 and the inner contour of the outer mold 10 up to the height where the die 14 has the greatest width.
  • the sedimentation of the fibers is waited until no more water flows out of the separator 11.
  • the die 5 is now removed from the mold and the die 15 is retracted. Only the walls 19 of the molded part are compressed by the mechanical pressure.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé de fabrication de pièces moulées à parois épaisses composées d'un fond et d'une ou plusieurs parties de paroi, avec une faible densité de matière d'une forme tridimensionnelle, à l'aide de fibres lignocellulosiques additionnées d'un liant végétal, caractérisé en ce qu'on introduit une suspension eau/liant/fibres (5) sous pression dans un moule (2) et on expulse dans une très large mesure l'eau et le liant qu'il contient par dépression et on sèche et on traite thermiquement la pièce moulée (6) à une température d'environ 180°.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on introduit tout d'abord la suspension (5) du fond de la pièce, sous pression dans le moule (2) puis on expulse l'eau ainsi que le liant qu'elle contient, en appliquant une dépression puis on introduit une autre quantité de suspension pour les parois dans le moule en appliquant une pression et on évacue l'eau sous les pressions puis on sèche la pièce moulée et on la traite thermiquement à une température d'environ 180°.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la suspension (5) introduite dans le moule (2) est en outre comprimée mécaniquement.
  4. Procédé de fabrication de pièces moulées à parois épaisses formées d'un fond et d'une ou plusieurs parties de paroi, avec une faible densité de matière et une forme tridimensionnelle, en fibres lignocellulosiques, avec des liants végétaux, caractérisé en ce qu'on introduit dans le moule (10) une suspension eau/liant/fibres, et cette quantité introduite qui est suffisante sensiblement pour la fabrication de la partie de fond (18) est comprimée mécaniquement après expulsion de l'eau puis on introduit une autre quantité de suspension, suffisante pour la fabrication des parties de paroi (19), dans le moule (10) et après expulsion de l'eau on comprime mécaniquement et l'eau en excédent est expulsée de l'ensemble de la pièce moulée (20), par dépression puis on traite thermiquement la pièce moulée (20) et on la sèche.
  5. Procédé selon les revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que la compression mécanique se fait à l'aide d'un poinçon (3, 14, 15) qui s'abaisse dans le moule (2, 10).
  6. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'eau expulsée ainsi que le liant (D) qu'elle contient est utilisée pour fabriquer une nouvelle suspension eau/liant (A, B, C, D).
  7. Pièce moulée à parois épaisses à forme tridimensionnelle et faible densité de matière, formée de fibres lignocellulosiques de préférence 100 % de fibres de bois de défibration avec des liants végétaux, notamment de l'amidon et/ou de la méthylcellulose, par introduction d'une suspension eau/liant/fibres (5) sous pression dans un moule (2), expulsion de l'eau et du liant contenu dans l'eau, de la suspension (5) sous dépression puis séchage et traitement thermique de la pièce moulée (6) à une température environ de 180°.
  8. Pièce moulée à parois épaisses à forme tridimensionnelle et faible densité de matière, composée d'une partie de fond et d'une ou plusieurs parties de paroi en fibres lignocellulosiques à liants végétaux, par introduction de la suspension eau/liant/fibres dans un moule (10), sur une quantité suffisante pour fabriquer la partie de fond (18), expulsion de l'eau de la suspension, compression mécanique, introduction d'une autre quantité de suspension suffisante pour fabriquer les parties de paroi (19), expulsion de l'eau, compression mécanique des parties de paroi (19), expulsion de l'eau de l'ensemble de la pièce moulée (20), par dépression puis traitement thermique et séchage.
  9. Installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que le moule comprend un moule extérieur (2) perforé dans son fond et ses parois latérales et d'un poinçon (3), qui descend dans la chambre de remplissage (5) du moule et qui constitue une limite pour cette chambre.
  10. Installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisée par un moule extérieur perforé au niveau du fond et des parois latérales et d'un Poinçon de coulée (14) qui descend dans le moule extérieur et en ce que les parois du moule extérieur (10) et celles du poinçon de coulée (14) délimitent un volume qui correspond au contour extérieur brut des parois (19) de la pièce moulée (20) et un autre poinçon de pression (15) est prévu pour descendre dans le moule extérieur (10) et dont le contour est choisi pour que le volume compris entre ces parois et celles du moule extérieur (10) correspondent à la forme définitive de la pièce moulée (20).
EP90112631A 1989-07-07 1990-07-03 Procédé de fabrication d'objets creux à partir de fibres lignocellulosiques Expired - Lifetime EP0406783B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19893922382 DE3922382A1 (de) 1989-07-07 1989-07-07 Formteil mit raeumlicher formgebung aus lignocellulosehaltigen fasern sowie verfahren und einrichtung zu seiner herstellung
DE3922382 1989-07-07
DE8910860U 1989-09-12
DE8910860U DE8910860U1 (de) 1989-07-07 1989-09-12 Sarg für Erd- oder Feuerbestattung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0406783A2 EP0406783A2 (fr) 1991-01-09
EP0406783A3 EP0406783A3 (en) 1991-09-04
EP0406783B1 true EP0406783B1 (fr) 1995-05-24

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90112631A Expired - Lifetime EP0406783B1 (fr) 1989-07-07 1990-07-03 Procédé de fabrication d'objets creux à partir de fibres lignocellulosiques

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0406783B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE123094T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE8910860U1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005012640A1 (fr) * 2003-08-01 2005-02-10 Ecologico Packaging Sdn Bhd Dispositif et procede de fabrication pour produire des articles en fibres vegetales

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE119020T1 (de) * 1990-07-11 1995-03-15 Alois Koch Verfahren zur herstellung eines sarges aus geformtem pulpestoff.
DE4330151A1 (de) * 1993-09-07 1995-03-09 Markus Brink Sarg für Feuer- und Erdbestattungen aus Holzschliffaser - ein aus 100% Recycling-Papier zurückgewonnenes Material- oder artverwandten Materialien (Zellstoffe)inkl. materialbedingter Tragetechnik
FR2711998A1 (fr) * 1993-11-04 1995-05-12 Chanard Alain Procédé de recyclage de vieux papiers dans un but écologique et économique d'isolant.
DE19508434A1 (de) * 1995-03-09 1996-09-12 Duerener Sargfabrik Jacobs Kli Unter Verwendung von Naturfasern hergestellter Sarg und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
NL1001959C2 (nl) * 1995-12-21 1997-06-24 Univ Delft Tech Werkwijze voor het verwerken van bollen.
GB9722547D0 (en) * 1997-10-25 1997-12-24 Pinco 976 Limited Improvements relating to forming machines
US6210531B1 (en) 1998-10-26 2001-04-03 Px Technologies, Ltd. Forming machines
US7074302B2 (en) * 2003-12-05 2006-07-11 Sonoco Development, Inc. Apparatus and process for forming three-dimensional fibrous panels

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB261529A (en) * 1925-10-19 1926-11-25 Richard Ellis Hall Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of reinforced hollow ware articles or containers made from fibrous material
US1623731A (en) * 1926-04-02 1927-04-05 Hutchens Edward Pulp-forming press
CH183698A (de) * 1935-07-04 1936-04-30 Yngve Hedqvist Oskar Einrichtung zur Herstellung von kistenartigen Gegenständen aus einer Masse, die in Wasser suspendierte Fasern enthält.
DE879354C (de) * 1942-06-24 1953-06-11 Norddeutsche Homogenholz Ges M Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserstoff-Formkoerpern
DE855196C (de) * 1945-04-14 1952-11-10 Norddeutsche Homogenholz Ges M Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Faserstoff-Formkoerpern
US4034447A (en) * 1975-10-02 1977-07-12 Idra Ag Papier-mache coffin

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005012640A1 (fr) * 2003-08-01 2005-02-10 Ecologico Packaging Sdn Bhd Dispositif et procede de fabrication pour produire des articles en fibres vegetales

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0406783A2 (fr) 1991-01-09
DE59009115D1 (de) 1995-06-29
DE8910860U1 (de) 1990-11-08
ATE123094T1 (de) 1995-06-15
EP0406783A3 (en) 1991-09-04

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