EP0406667A1 - Méthode de formation d'une couche à dessins - Google Patents

Méthode de formation d'une couche à dessins Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0406667A1
EP0406667A1 EP90112121A EP90112121A EP0406667A1 EP 0406667 A1 EP0406667 A1 EP 0406667A1 EP 90112121 A EP90112121 A EP 90112121A EP 90112121 A EP90112121 A EP 90112121A EP 0406667 A1 EP0406667 A1 EP 0406667A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic
substrate
module
magnetic pole
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90112121A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0406667B1 (fr
Inventor
Takahiko Hamada
Gorou Nagao
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Paint Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nippon Paint Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP1164807A external-priority patent/JPH0330876A/ja
Priority claimed from JP33103989A external-priority patent/JP2844232B2/ja
Application filed by Nippon Paint Co Ltd filed Critical Nippon Paint Co Ltd
Publication of EP0406667A1 publication Critical patent/EP0406667A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0406667B1 publication Critical patent/EP0406667B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/20—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by magnetic fields
    • B05D3/203—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by magnetic fields pre-treatment by magnetic fields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B05D5/061—Special surface effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/04—Producing precipitations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/14—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates
    • H01F41/16—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates the magnetic material being applied in the form of particles, e.g. by serigraphy, to form thick magnetic films or precursors therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]

Definitions

  • Japanese Patent Public Disclosure No. 175670/1988 there is disclosed a forming method of patterned coating utilizing a magnetic force.
  • a liquid coating material containing powdery magnetic materials such as nickel, stainless steel or iron
  • a magnet is brought near.
  • the powdery magnetic materials which are uniformly dispersed within the liquid coating material, move along magnetic force lines within the coating film, thereby producing a configuration pattern different from adjacent areas.
  • Another object of the present invention is to overcome the above drawbacks of the conventional forming method and to provide an explicit pattern within a coating film object utilizing a magnetic force. Another object of the present invention is to provide a forming method capable of illustrating miscellaneous patterns without being restricted by the shape of the magnet itself.
  • a method of forming a patterned coating upon a surface of a substrate comprising the steps of; preparing a plurality of separated magnetic elements to be arranged side by side into an arrayed module of the elements, bringing said module in close vicinity of a reverse side of a substrate, applying magnetic paint containing powdery magnetic material upon the surface of said substrate to make a wet film thereon, and hardening the wet film through a baking or drying, thereby providing a continu­ous pattern corresponding to the configuration pattern of said module upon the surface of the substrate.
  • a metallic magnet ferrite magnet, sintered magnet or flexible magnet may be used depending upon the shape or magnetic properties.
  • these magnetic elements are formed through a moulding process into a relatively small piece having a rectangular, triangular, polygonal or circular configu­ration. By a combination of several configurations, any pattern can be illustrated.
  • each mag­netic element comprises a rectangular or circular metallic plate having a North magnetic pole and a South magnetic pole situated at the opposite edges thereof, and adjacent magnetic elements are disposed such that the North mag­netic pole of one element is positioned in close vi­cinity of the South magnetic pole of the other element.
  • the magnetic elements comprise bar-shape or U-shape magnets each having a North magnetic pole and a South magnetic pole situated at the opposite edges thereof, and each magnet is perpendicularly disposed to the substrate.
  • the magnetic elements are filled up within a rubber or plastic sheet in a plurality of striped patterns.
  • the magnetic powder to be contained in the magnetic paint stainless steel powder, ferrous powder, Fe3O4 coated mica powder, alloy powder containing iron, cobalt and cickel, magnetic iron oxide coated resin particles or the like may be utilized as far as it can move within the wet film or change its direction under the influence of a magnetic force.
  • the aforementioned Fe3O4 coated mica powder is well known as a nacreous pigment of paint. It should be noted that an ordinary pigment can be utilized in the present invention as far as it has a property to be influenced by a magnetic force.
  • any kind of ordinary paint can be utilized as far as it can form a cured film after having finished a series of processes including a coating under a fluid condition and a baking or drying to harden the film.
  • the magnetic paint includes, other than the magnetic powder, a pigment, vehicle resin, curing agent, solvent or the like.
  • the containing ratio of the magnetic powder relative to the magnetic paint is determined in a range such that an explicit pattern appears under the influence of a magnetic force. According to an experiment, the ration is preferably more than 0.1 percent of the magnetic paint by weight.
  • the magnetic paint may be selected from an ordinary type which is hardened by a baking process or air drying process under the ambient temperature.
  • the coating system can be selected from the following: (1) 1-coat finishinf system in which magnetic paint is coated upon a substrate thereby making a single coating layer. (2) 2-coat 1-bake finishing system in which at first magnetic paint is coated upon a substrate, and then clear paint is applied on it by wet on wet process, and finally both layers are cured by a baking.
  • this invention can apply to miscellaneous coating processes including more compli­cated coating steps, as far as the wet film is mag­netically accessible from outside.
  • a base color coating is formed upon a surface of a sub­strate as a first-coated layer
  • magnetic paint can be applied to the surface as an additional ornamental layer.
  • some portions of the ornamental layer becomes thinner under the influence of a magnetic force.
  • some portions of the first-coated layer appear and provide delicate color patterns which have not yet been illustrated.
  • non-magnetizable material such as synthetic resin, rubber, ceramic or aluminum plate is preferable, since these materials do not affect the magnetic force of the magnetic element.
  • some kinds of magnetizable materials may be used.
  • the influence is small.
  • such approaching operation toward the surface is not de­sirable because a collision may happen between the wet film and the magnetic elements, resulting in a de­struction of the coated layer.
  • the module of the magnetic elements should be supported on a guiding device, which may comprise a supporting rail, handling arm or similar member.
  • a guiding device which may comprise a supporting rail, handling arm or similar member.
  • the forming method of the invention can be preferably utilized for illustrating various letters, characters, or figures upon a coated surface.
  • the method can be utilized for representing a repetitive pattern over a large area of the substrate. In this case, a plurality of magnetic modules are prepared or a single module is repeatedly used.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 there is shown a first em­bodiment utilizing the method of the present invention.
  • an arrayed module 15 which comprises a plurality of rectangular magnetic elements 11 supported on a sticking tape 30.
  • Each of the magnetic elements 11 carries a North magnetic pole and a South magnetic pole at the opposite edges.
  • the magnetic ele­ments 11 are disposed side by side, and adjacent ele­ments 11 are disposed such that the North pole of one element is positioned in close vicinity of the South pole of the other element, and that the South pole of the one element is positioned in close vicinity of the North pole of the other element. Accordingly, strong magnetic force lines are produced between the elements, of course in an imaginary form.
  • FIG. 2 shows a relationship among the coated paint 20, the substrate 10, the magnetic element 11 and the sticking tape 30. It should be noted that the element 11 is firmly sticked to the substrate 10 by the sticking tape 30.
  • FIG. 3 shows a surface which has been coated with mag­netic paint.
  • mag­netic paint is sprayed on the surface. Since an imaginary chain of magnetic force lines is formed along the module 15, as soon as the magnetic paint is thrown into the magnetic field and applied to the surface of the substrate, magnetic fine particles instantly begin to move within a wet film of the mag­netic paint toward the direction of the magnetic force lines. As the wet film loses its fluidity, the movements of the magnetic material slow down and finally terminate near the magnetic force lines. Thus, a transitional area 24 in which a color tone is different from that of the adjacent area appears on the surface of the substrate 10. The configuration of the area 24 is corresponding to the configuration pattern of the module 15. It should be noted that the configuration of the pattern 24 is not identical with the configuration pattern of the sepa­rated magnetic elements 11.
  • FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the pattern making process.
  • an appropriate pre-treatment is applied to the surface of the substrate 40, and then a primer layer 41 is formed by spraying of liquid paint to the surface. From this stage, this invention is applied to the pre-coated surface.
  • the module of metallic elements 11 is sticked to the reverse side of the substrate 40 accompanied by a sticking tape 30.
  • a magnetic paint layer 42 is formed. While magnetic paint is sprayed upon the primer layer 41 to make a wet film thereon, the aforementioned pattern is formed within the magnetic paint layer 42.
  • a final coating layer 43 of clear paint is formed.
  • these layers 42 and 43 are subjected to a baking or drying step.
  • FIG. 6 shows a modified module 63 utilizing column-type magnetic elements 61, 62 and so on.
  • This module 63 is used to illustrate a C-shape pattern on the surface of the substrate 10.
  • Adjacent magnetic elements 61 and 62 are disposed such that the North magnetic pole of one element is positioned in close vicinity of the South magnetic pole of the other element. According to this arrangement, the magnetic force lines are directed along the centerline of the module 63, so that a pattern revealed on the surface of the substrate 10 becomes a continuous C-shape pattern. It should be noted that the revealed pattern is not a dotted pattern of the column-­type magnets.
  • FIG. 7 shows a modified arrangement of magnetic elements.
  • the module 66 comprises a plurality of circular magnetic elements 64, 65 and so on. As compared with the arrange­ment in FIG. 6, each of the magnetic elements is rotated in a right angle. Adjacent magnetic elements 64 and 65 are disposed such that the North magnetic pole of one element is positioned in the same lateral side as the South magnetic pole of the other element, so that two parallel magnetic force lines M are formed on the upper space of the module 66. According to this arrangement, the magnetic force lines are directed along the lateral sides of the module 66, so that a pattern revealed on the surface of the substrate becomes an arcuate pattern, which is not identical with the dotted pattern of the circular magnets.
  • FIG. 8 shows an alternative arrangement of the magnetic elements in FIG. 7.
  • adjacent mag­netic elements 67 and 68 of the module 69 are disposed such that the North magnetic pole of one element is positioned in the same lateral side as the North magnetic pole of the other element, and that the South magnetic pole of one element is positioned in the same lateral side as the South magnetic pole of the other element.
  • the magnetic force lines M are directed in a cross-over form due to a repelling force between the same magnetic poles, resulting in random lines.
  • this random magnetic force lines a delicate complicated pattern similar to an arcuate form appears on the surface of the substrate. Of course, this pattern is not identical with the dotted pattern of the circular magnets.
  • FIG. 10 shows a modified arrangement utilizing a combi­nation module 85 including U-shape magnets 81, 82 and bar-shape magnets 83, 84.
  • the North magnetic pole and the South magnetic pole are positioned at their distal ends.
  • each magnet is perpendicularly disposed to the substrate 10.
  • the upper ends of the magnets are arranged in a grid form, so that the combination module 85 reveals a grid form pattern upon the surface of the substrate 10.
  • FIG. 11 shows sample characters represented by the method of the invention.
  • magnetic elements are filled up within a rubber or plastic sheet in a plurality of striped patterns.
  • a North magnetic pole and a South magnetic pole are easily detected by approaching a compass to the object.
  • the miscellaneous arrangements as shown in the drawings are easily prepared and utilized.
  • the magnetic elements can be connected by a sticking tape or similar parts. Since the module of the magnetic elements can be removed easily, after the usage, no damage is occurred upon the substrate.
EP90112121A 1989-06-27 1990-06-26 Méthode de formation d'une couche à dessins Expired - Lifetime EP0406667B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP164807/89 1989-06-27
JP1164807A JPH0330876A (ja) 1989-06-27 1989-06-27 塗装面への模様形状の形成方法
JP33103989A JP2844232B2 (ja) 1989-12-22 1989-12-22 模様塗膜の形成方法
JP331039/89 1989-12-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0406667A1 true EP0406667A1 (fr) 1991-01-09
EP0406667B1 EP0406667B1 (fr) 1995-01-11

Family

ID=26489768

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90112121A Expired - Lifetime EP0406667B1 (fr) 1989-06-27 1990-06-26 Méthode de formation d'une couche à dessins

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0406667B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR0135274B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU631435B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2019844A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69015900T2 (fr)

Cited By (36)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0556449A1 (fr) * 1992-02-21 1993-08-25 Hashimoto Forming Industry Co., Ltd. Peinture avec dessins faits magnétiquement et objets peints ayant des dessins formés magnétiquement
EP0710508A1 (fr) * 1994-11-04 1996-05-08 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour fabriquer des revêtments ayant des effets optiques tri-dimensionnels
WO1999012662A1 (fr) * 1997-09-08 1999-03-18 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Revetement antiadhesif a motifs decoratifs
WO2002003402A1 (fr) * 2000-07-06 2002-01-10 Unaxis Balzers Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif destine a orienter le sens de magnetisation de couches magnetiques
WO2003053593A2 (fr) * 2001-12-20 2003-07-03 Honeywell International Inc Encres et revetements a coloration physique
EP1452242A2 (fr) * 1997-09-08 2004-09-01 E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Revêtement antiadhésif à motifs décoratifs
US7047883B2 (en) 2002-07-15 2006-05-23 Jds Uniphase Corporation Method and apparatus for orienting magnetic flakes
WO2006114289A1 (fr) * 2005-04-27 2006-11-02 Leonhard Kurz Gmbh & Co. Kg Procede pour produire des elements createurs d'effet de couleurs
US7241489B2 (en) 2002-09-13 2007-07-10 Jds Uniphase Corporation Opaque flake for covert security applications
US7258915B2 (en) 2003-08-14 2007-08-21 Jds Uniphase Corporation Flake for covert security applications
EP1845537A3 (fr) * 2006-04-05 2007-10-24 Inoac Corporation Appareil et procédé de formation de motifs
JP2008529823A (ja) * 2004-12-09 2008-08-07 シクパ・ホールディング・ソシエテ・アノニム 視野角依存性の外観をもつセキュリティエレメント
US7517578B2 (en) 2002-07-15 2009-04-14 Jds Uniphase Corporation Method and apparatus for orienting magnetic flakes
US7604855B2 (en) 2002-07-15 2009-10-20 Jds Uniphase Corporation Kinematic images formed by orienting alignable flakes
WO2009135506A1 (fr) * 2008-05-07 2009-11-12 Actega Rhenania Gmbh Revêtements de pigments magnétiques, stratifiés et procédé de production associé
US7691468B2 (en) 2003-07-03 2010-04-06 Sicpa Holding S.A. Method and means for producing a magnetically induced design in a coating containing magnetic particles
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US8557403B2 (en) 2006-10-17 2013-10-15 Sicpa Holding S.A. Method and means for magnetically transferring indicia to a coating composition applied on a substrate
WO2014198905A2 (fr) * 2013-06-14 2014-12-18 Sicpa Holding Sa Ensemble d'aimants permanents permettant de générer des lignes de champ concaves et procédé permettant de créer un revêtement à effet optique avec celui-ci (barre roulante inverse)
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US10343436B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2019-07-09 Viavi Solutions Inc. Security device formed by printing with special effect inks
US10391519B2 (en) 2013-12-04 2019-08-27 Sicpa Holding Sa Devices for producing optical effect layers
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US10500889B2 (en) 2014-07-30 2019-12-10 Sicpa Holding Sa Belt-driven processes for producing optical effect layers
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US10752042B2 (en) 2012-01-12 2020-08-25 Viavi Solutions Inc. Article with dynamic frame formed with aligned pigment flakes
US10933442B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2021-03-02 Sicpa Holding Sa Processes for producing effects layers
US11065866B2 (en) 2014-08-22 2021-07-20 Sicpa Holding Sa Apparatuses for producing optical effect layers
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US11230127B2 (en) 2002-07-15 2022-01-25 Viavi Solutions Inc. Method and apparatus for orienting magnetic flakes
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US11768321B2 (en) 2000-01-21 2023-09-26 Viavi Solutions Inc. Optically variable security devices
US7934451B2 (en) 2002-07-15 2011-05-03 Jds Uniphase Corporation Apparatus for orienting magnetic flakes
US7258900B2 (en) 2002-07-15 2007-08-21 Jds Uniphase Corporation Magnetic planarization of pigment flakes
US7674501B2 (en) 2002-09-13 2010-03-09 Jds Uniphase Corporation Two-step method of coating an article for security printing by application of electric or magnetic field
US9164575B2 (en) 2002-09-13 2015-10-20 Jds Uniphase Corporation Provision of frames or borders around pigment flakes for covert security applications
US8025952B2 (en) 2002-09-13 2011-09-27 Jds Uniphase Corporation Printed magnetic ink overt security image
US9458324B2 (en) 2002-09-13 2016-10-04 Viava Solutions Inc. Flakes with undulate borders and method of forming thereof
CA2541568C (fr) 2005-04-06 2014-05-13 Jds Uniphase Corporation Dispositifs optiques a changement dynamique d'apparence (dacod) imprimes dans un champ magnetique mis en forme comprenant des structures de fresnel imprimables
CA2564764C (fr) 2005-10-25 2014-05-13 Jds Uniphase Corporation Structures optiques a motif avec fonction de securite amelioree
AU2006249295A1 (en) 2005-12-15 2007-07-05 Jds Uniphase Corporation Security device with metameric features using diffractive pigment flakes
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US20230201872A1 (en) 2020-05-26 2023-06-29 Sicpa Holding Sa Magnetic assemblies and methods for producing optical effect layers comprising oriented platelet-shaped magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles
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AR123354A1 (es) 2020-09-02 2022-11-23 Sicpa Holding Sa Marca de seguridad, método y dispositivo para leer la marca de seguridad, documento de seguridad marcado con la marca de seguridad y método y sistema para verificar dicho documento de seguridad
TW202239482A (zh) 2021-03-31 2022-10-16 瑞士商西克帕控股有限公司 用於產生包含磁性或可磁化顏料粒子且展現一或更多個標記的光學效應層之方法
EP4351803A1 (fr) 2021-06-11 2024-04-17 Sicpa Holding SA Couches à effet optique comprenant des particules de pigment magnétiques ou magnétisables et méthodes de production desdites couches à effet optique
WO2023161464A1 (fr) 2022-02-28 2023-08-31 Sicpa Holding Sa Procédés de production de couches à effet optique comprenant des particules pigmentaires magnétiques ou magnétisables et présentant un ou plusieurs indices
WO2024028408A1 (fr) 2022-08-05 2024-02-08 Sicpa Holding Sa Procédés de production de couches à effet optique comprenant des particules de pigment magnétiques ou magnétisables et présentant un ou plusieurs indices

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Cited By (53)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0556449A1 (fr) * 1992-02-21 1993-08-25 Hashimoto Forming Industry Co., Ltd. Peinture avec dessins faits magnétiquement et objets peints ayant des dessins formés magnétiquement
US5364689A (en) * 1992-02-21 1994-11-15 Hashimoto Forming Industry Co., Ltd. Painting with magnetically formed pattern and painted product with magnetically formed pattern
US5630877A (en) * 1992-02-21 1997-05-20 Hashimoto Forming Industry Co., Ltd. Painting with magnetically formed pattern and painted product with magnetically formed pattern
EP0710508A1 (fr) * 1994-11-04 1996-05-08 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour fabriquer des revêtments ayant des effets optiques tri-dimensionnels
EP1452242A2 (fr) * 1997-09-08 2004-09-01 E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Revêtement antiadhésif à motifs décoratifs
US6103361A (en) * 1997-09-08 2000-08-15 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Patterned release finish
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AU5781690A (en) 1991-01-03
KR0135274B1 (ko) 1998-04-22
KR910000250A (ko) 1991-01-29
DE69015900T2 (de) 1995-06-22
CA2019844A1 (fr) 1990-12-27
EP0406667B1 (fr) 1995-01-11
AU631435B2 (en) 1992-11-26
DE69015900D1 (de) 1995-02-23

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