EP0399540B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour envelopper des marchandises avec une housse de film étirable et ensemble d'emballage formé avec ceux-ci - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour envelopper des marchandises avec une housse de film étirable et ensemble d'emballage formé avec ceux-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0399540B1
EP0399540B1 EP90109925A EP90109925A EP0399540B1 EP 0399540 B1 EP0399540 B1 EP 0399540B1 EP 90109925 A EP90109925 A EP 90109925A EP 90109925 A EP90109925 A EP 90109925A EP 0399540 B1 EP0399540 B1 EP 0399540B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hood
piece goods
length
transverse seam
film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90109925A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0399540A1 (fr
EP0399540B2 (fr
Inventor
Martin Aufenvenne
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Beumer Maschinenfabrik GmbH and Co KG
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Beumer Maschinenfabrik GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Beumer Maschinenfabrik GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Beumer Maschinenfabrik GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP0399540B1 publication Critical patent/EP0399540B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
    • B65B9/10—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs
    • B65B9/13—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the preformed tubular webs being supplied in a flattened state
    • B65B9/135—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the preformed tubular webs being supplied in a flattened state for palletised loads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for wrapping general cargo - in particular stacked general cargo parts such as and in particular i.a. by means of a palletizing device, essentially cuboid or cube-shaped stacks of goods, which consist of several superposed, generally there are essentially congruent layers of general cargo, by means of a tubular stretch film section, the unstretched original circumference of which is smaller than the circumference of the general cargo to be encased, which is stretched in its circumferential direction by an amount prior to being coated over the general cargo to be encased, which is an effortless covering over the encased item
  • General cargo enables, and which, after being pulled over, remains tightly stretched against the general cargo, with the tubular stretch film section being welded at one end to form a closed (stretch) film hood to form a weld seam, which after wrapping is essentially centered and parallel runs to two opposite edges of the end faces of the piece goods to be wrapped.
  • the invention further relates to a device for wrapping piece goods according to the above method, which u.a. four (spread) fingers or the like has, which are to be introduced into the interior of the tubular film before wrapping.
  • the invention further relates to a packaging unit to be formed in particular by the above method and / or using the above device.
  • wrapping piece goods in particular palletized piece goods stacks, for example made of cement or chemical bulk goods or the like. filled sacks and i.a. are formed by means of a palletizing device, packaging processes are known in which the piece goods or the piece goods stack is wrapped with so-called shrink film, which is applied after the wrapping with heat and then shrinks firmly against the piece goods to be wrapped / the piece goods stack to be wrapped .
  • shrink film so-called shrink film
  • the main disadvantages of the shrink film packaging process include in that the piece goods wrapped with shrink film must be subjected to heat for the purpose of shrinking. This not only leads to correspondingly high energy costs, but also, in particular when exposed to an open flame, to the fact that these processes are not suitable for flammable goods, such as those that are available, for example, and especially in the chemical industry, because of the associated dangers are suitable.
  • a further disadvantage of all shrinking methods is that, due to the required film thicknesses, a relatively high amount of material is required, which leads to relatively high packaging costs, since film material has become very expensive as a petroleum product, particularly since the known energy crises.
  • shrinkage is often perceived as not being very environmentally friendly, since this creates exhaust gases to a not inconsiderable extent, and because the operators are exposed to considerable noise pollution.
  • stretch films instead of the shrink films, which do not require any heat to adhere to the piece goods to be packaged.
  • stretching leads, after the wrapping, to the fact that the film material contracts again and thereby firmly attaches to the piece goods to be wrapped or packaged.
  • winding stretching has become known, in which web-shaped stretch film - similar to winding shrinkage - is wrapped around the piece goods to be wrapped.
  • advantages achieved compared to shrinking winding stretching is also associated with not inconsiderable disadvantages.
  • These lie, for example, in the fact that the desired good load securing is still unsatisfactory, since winding stretching produces only horizontal or only vertical tensioning forces if the piece goods to be wrapped are not wrapped in both directions. However, the latter leads to a disproportionately high hen use of materials with corresponding costs.
  • the film consumption - although lower than the shrinkage - is still perceived as unsatisfactory for cost reasons, this being caused in particular by the fact that not inconsiderable overlaps of two mutually adjacent film webs are required in each case in the stretching process.
  • a flat film has to be applied as a cover sheet, and a separate cover sheet feeder with a corresponding work step is required for this. This can cause corrugations in the area of such a cover sheet and, in particular, damage if the cover is turned over several times, since such a cover sheet is not under tension on the piece goods.
  • packaged goods packed by stretch wrapping are often not adequately weather-resistant, since moisture can often penetrate into the packaging unit at the edges of the film, and that the view of the packaged packaged goods is often incomplete if it is often unavoidable when wrapping Wrinkling comes.
  • a weld seam is just as unavoidable with stretch film hoods, which are each formed from a section of a tubular film material for reasons of economy, as is the case with shrink film hood processes, whereby the difficulties detailed below with shrink film packaging using film hoods are probably due to the Heat exposure and the restructuring of the molecules taking place here have not shown nearly as much as has been the case up to now with stretch film hood processes.
  • Such tubular film material is known to have a folded, as it were flat initial state, in which the tubular film material has two mutually parallel first side surfaces and two V-shaped inwardly folded second side surfaces. This folding is therefore useful in order to be able to store such tubular film material in a space-saving manner (and thus also with a relatively small width) rolled up into rolls. l.ü. It has been shown that such tubular film material folded in the stock state can be opened better than is the case when the tubular film material is fed to a hood former in the unfolded state, in which the tubular film width is therefore equal to half the circumference of the tubular film.
  • the weld seam in this way of working during stretching is inevitable and necessarily one subjected to very considerable stretching, and not only when (cross) stretching before wrapping the piece goods / piece goods stack, in which the tubular film must be widened to such an extent that it can be easily pulled over the piece goods / piece goods stack, but also afterwards in the wrapped state.
  • Such a formation of the weld seam can, however, result in that in the film material existing internal tensions in the plasticizing of the film material occurring during the welding process are lost (largely or even substantially completely), so that they are practically no longer present in the welded section even after the welding process has ended, but remain in the remaining film material so that it tearing or even tearing can occur, especially in the border areas between the weld seam and the adjacent film material, in particular when the packaging units formed in this way are turned over several times, which, if there are corresponding tears, can lead to a loss of the required stack strength and always to a loss of the desired tightness.
  • the present invention has for its object to improve the known methods and devices and thus last but not least the packaging units to be formed therewith in such a way that the problems previously occurring in the weld seam area and in the adjacent areas are avoided or at least considerably reduced to a harmless level.
  • the length of the weld seam is selected so that it is at least approximately 85 to 90% of the length of the end edges of the piece goods to be encased which are parallel to it in the encased state, and this is preferred provided that it is at least about 95% of the length of the front edges of the piece goods parallel to it in the wrapped state, a highly preferred embodiment being that the length of the weld seam is substantially equal to the length of the front edges of the wrapped state parallel to it Piece goods is, the weld seam preferably being formed before (transverse) stretching.
  • the length of the weld seam before the (transverse) stretching is formed with a length which is practically equal to the length of the end edges of the piece goods parallel to it in the wrapped state, no harmful tensions occur in the finished wrapping state of the packaging unit more and there are still no tears, unwanted corrugations and the like, because the weld seam in the unstretched (unstretched) initial state before stretching the film material has more or less exactly the same length as in the wrapping state.
  • the practically unstretched condition of the welded-off area also does not have any adverse side effects, because in this area no stretch tensions are required for the desired tight or tight wrapping of the piece goods.
  • the customary folded film tube material which has two mutually parallel first side faces and two second side faces each folded in a V-shape
  • the storage width of the tubular film material before the welding process is then generally increased to the desired size of the weld seam, and the relevant tubular film section is then stretched with the appropriate weld seam length after welding and thereby onto a piece goods (stack) concerned adapted shape so that the stretch film hood formed in this way can be easily pulled over the piece goods to be wrapped.
  • the weld seam area is then generally stretched somewhat, but due to the dimensioning of the weld seam in accordance with the invention, this stretched state practically goes back to zero, since the unstretched weld seam length According to the invention essentially equal to the length of the end wall edges parallel to the weld seam in the encased state.
  • a device for carrying out the method according to the invention which generally has four (spreading) fingers or the like. has, which are to be introduced into the interior of the tubular film in order to open it fully and (cross) it, designed according to the invention in such a way that the fingers can first be moved into a first position or working position in which the length of the mutually parallel first side walls the tubular film has the desired length of the weld seam, and that the fingers or the like. only afterwards (namely after welding) can be moved into a second position in which the tubular film is stretched into its covering state.
  • FIG. 1 to 4 show the free end section of the tubular film 1 formed as a stretch film, which comes from a roll-up reel of tubular film and which is supplied with a width B corresponding to the storage width to a piece goods stack 2 according to the arrow 3 in FIG. 3 from the center, and which has two mutually parallel first side faces 4.1 and 4.2 and two second side faces 5.1 and 5.2 folded inwards in a V-shape in the folded storage and supply state, each of which has two legs 6.1.1 and 6.1.2 or 6.2.1 and 6.2.2 exist.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of the tubular film 1 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 2 and FIG. 2 shows a section through the tubular film 1 according to FIG. 1 in the direction of the section line 11-11, but already in a slightly opened state , in the (spread) fingers or the like (see Fig. 4 and 5) or the like.
  • Such opening of the tubular film 1 from the storage state, in which adjacent first and second side surfaces 4 and 5 lie against one another with mutual contact can be done, for example, by means of suction bars 8 or the like.
  • FIG. 2 which are placed on the free end section of the tubular film 1 from the outside on the first side faces 4 and can then be moved apart by a corresponding amount according to the arrows 9 (see FIG. 2).
  • Fig. 3 shows a side view of the relative assignment of the free end portion of the tubular film 1 to a piece of goods to be wrapped with a stretched film hood 2, which is supported to enable understretching on its underside 10 on the substrate 11 by means of a support means 12, the area of which is smaller than the bottom 10 of the piece goods stack 2.
  • the length Lder at the upper end of the stretch film section weld seam 13 is substantially equal to the length I of the front edges of the piece goods stack 2 parallel to it in the wrapped state, but the storage and thus the feed width B of the tubular film 1 is smaller than the length I of the relevant end edges of the piece goods stack 2, and since the weld seam 13 is expediently to be produced in the unstretched state of the tubular film material, the width B of the supplied tubular film 1, that is to say the length of its parallel first be ten vom 4, are first enlarged accordingly.
  • the device is folded in a zigzag shape by means of suitable devices, and that the fingers 7 are accordingly moved outwards in the direction of the arrows 14 parallel to the first side faces 4, with their enlargement and corresponding reduction of the second side faces 5, until the length B 'of the first side faces 4, at least in the designated welding area, is equal to the predetermined or envisaged length L of the weld seam to be formed, namely the length 1 of the front side edges of the stack of bulk goods 2 which are parallel to the weld seam 13.
  • the fingers 7 can then be extended diagonally according to the arrows 16 (see FIG. 5) with the tubular film 1 fully opened and, if necessary, also perform the (transverse) stretching process in which the film hood 1 'now formed is in relation to the piece goods stack 2 is brought to an oversize, which allows it to be subsequently pulled over the piece goods stack 2 from above, with its lower edge section shrinking the underside 10 of the piece goods stack 2 and the film hood 1 'consequently with permanent stretch on the piece goods stack 2 is present.
  • FIG. 7a shows a plan view of the piece goods stack 2 wrapped with the film hood 1 '.
  • the length of the weld seam 13 is practically equal to the length I of the face edges 17.1 and 17.2 of the piece goods stack 2 parallel to it, and that the weld seam 13 so that it again has the length I that it already had before stretching.
  • FIG. 6c it was subjected to a certain stretch in the transverse direction during the (transverse) stretching, but this stretching stretch is evidently reduced to zero due to the design according to the invention, so that the problems previously occurring in the area of the weld seam 13 are not only so reduced to a different level, but are practically completely eliminated.
  • FIG. 7b shows a view according to FIG. 7a on a piece goods stack covered with a film hood 1 ', in which the weld seam 13' has been carried out in a conventional manner before stretching in a length B which is the width of the supplied tubular film 1 corresponds.
  • the weld seam 13 ' (its length is therefore considerably smaller than the length I of the face edges 17.1 and 17.2 of the piece goods stack 2 parallel to it in the wrapped state) not only when stretching to oversize (for covering the General cargo stack 2) is considerably (more) stretched, but that the weld seam 13 'remains in a considerable stretched state, especially in the wrapped state when the film hood 1' is firmly in contact with the general cargo stack 2, with the result that it is particularly in the tip regions 18 considerable stress peaks, which in turn can lead to tears, particularly in the case of multiple handling, and thus to the removal of protection against the effects of weather and possibly even to the loss of the required dimensional stability of the packaging unit.
  • the objective according to the invention can also be achieved qualitatively compared to the prior art if the length of the weld seam 13 in the unstretched state is not exactly the length I of the end edges 17 of the piece goods stack parallel to it , but, for example, is 5% smaller than the length L with an intended elongation of 12.5%, since it is evident that the stress conditions which arise in the conventional mode of operation are already considerably reduced, as a rule to a harmless level.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Closing Of Containers (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Procédé pour envelopper des marchandises/piles de marchandises (2) à l'aide d'une housse (1') de film étirable, selon lequel, avant l'étirage, on forme une housse (1 '), à partir d'une gaine à soufflets (1) étirable, qui est amenée à partir d'une réserve, qui à l'état de stockage et d'amenée présente deux premières surfaces latérales (4, 4) parallèles l'une à l'autre, étroitement voisines et présentant une largeur (d'amenée) (B) déterminée, ainsi que deux secondes surfaces latérales (5, 5) situées entre les deux précédentes et pliées vers l'intérieur en forme de "V", et qui présente une circonférence inférieure à celle des marchandises/piles de marchandises à envelopper, cette housse étant formée de manière telle, que la gaine à soufflets (1), à distance de son extrémité libre, est fermée par soudage, par un joint transversal (13) et est séparée de la réserve à la suite du tronçon formant la housse (1 '), la housse (1 '), en vue d'être enfilée sur les marchandises/ la pile de marchandises (2), étant totalement ouverte et étirée sensiblement sur l'ensemble de la longueur à la valeur nécessaire pour être enfilée, caractérisé en ce que la gaine à soufflets (1) est munie d'un joint transversal (13) dont la longueur (="longueur idéale") est sensiblement égale à la largeur (1) des marchandises/de la pile de marchandises (2) à envelopper, parallèle au joint transversal (13), et en ce que dans les cas où la largeur (d'amenée) B de la gaine à soufflets (1) n'est pas égale à la longueur idéale du joint transversal (13) à former, au moins le tronçon d'extrémité supérieur du tronçon de gaine à soufflets (1) formant (ensuite) la housse (1'), est amené à une largeur correspondant à la longueur idéale du joint transversal (13), avant la réalisation du joint transversal (13).
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la longueur (L) du joint transversal (13) est égale à au moins environ 95% de la largeur (1) des marchandises (2), qui lui est parallèle.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la housse (1') formée à partir du tronçon de gaine à soufflets, après la réalisation du joint transversal (13) est étirée d'une manière telle, que le matériau du film étirable réalisant les surfaces latérales de l'enveloppe de film étirable, soit étiré sensiblement de manière uniforme sur toutes les faces latérales.
4. Dispositif pour envelopper des marchandises/piles de marchandises (2) à l'aide d'une housse (1 en film étirable, comportant un dispositif de soudage (15) à l'aide duquel on doit former, avant l'étirage, une housse (1 '), à partir d'une gaine à soufflets (1) présentant une circonférence moindre que les marchandises/la pile de marchandises (2) à envelopper, d'une manière telle, que la gaine à soufflets (1) soit fermée par soudage, à distance de son extrémité libre, par un joint transversal, l'ensemble comportant également un dispositif de coupe à l'aide duquel la gaine à soufflets (1) doit être coupée à la suite du tronçon formant la housse (1 '), ainsi que quatre doigts d'écartement (7) ou analogue, qui doivent être introduits à l'intérieur du tronçon de gaine à soufflets formant la housse, et doivent être écartés pour étendre la gaine à soufflet, pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les doigts d'écartement (7) ou analogue, dans les cas dans lesquels la largeur (d'amenée) (B) de la gaine à soufflets (1) est plus petite ou plus grande que la longueur idéale du joint transversal (13) à former, au cours d'une première étape de travail (figure 5), doivent être déplacés dans une première position de service, tout en produisant simultanément la diminution partielle ou l'augmentation de la profondeur des plis de soufflet (6.1.1, 6.1.2; 6.2.1, 6.2.2) sans étirage du matériau du film, jusqu'à ce que la largeur de bande (B') de la gaine à soufflets, modifiée par rapport à la largeur de bande (d'amenée) (B) initiale, est égale ou légèrement inférieure à la largeur (1) de la pile de marchandises (2), en étant ainsi égale à la longueur idéale du joint transversal (13), et en ce que les doigts d'écartement (7) ou analogue, après la réalisation du joint transversal (13), au cours d'une seconde étape de travail, doivent être écartés vers une seconde position de travail, jusqu'à ce que la housse (1'), après avoir été complètement ouverte, ait finalement été étirée à une dimension prédéterminée nécessaire pour être enfilée.
5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les doigts d'écartement (7) ou analogue, au cours de la seconde étape de travail, sont déplacés de manière telle, que le matériau du film étirable réalisant les surfaces latérales de l'enveloppe de film étirable en forme de housse, soit étiré sensiblement de manière uniforme sur toutes les faces latérales.
6. Unité de chargement constituée de marchandises enveloppées par une housse en film étirable formée à partir d'une gaine à soufflets, qui présente une circonférence moindre que les marchandises à envelopper, et qui avant l'étirage, a été munie d'un joint transversal à distance de son extrémité libre, l'unité ayant été formée au moyen d'un procédé (de travail) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 et/ou au moyen d'un dispositif selon les revendications 4 ou 5, caractérisée en ce que la longueur (L) du joint transversal (13) non étiré, est au moins égale à environ 95% de la largeur (1) des marchandises (2) parallèle au joint transversal (13).
7. Unité de chargement selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que la longueur (L) du joint transversal (13) est sensiblement égale à la largeur (1) de la pile de marchandises (2).
EP90109925A 1989-05-26 1990-05-25 Procédé et dispositif pour envelopper des marchandises avec une housse de film étirable et ensemble d'emballage formé avec ceux-ci Expired - Lifetime EP0399540B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3917110A DE3917110A1 (de) 1989-05-26 1989-05-26 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum umhuellen von stueckgut mit einer stretchfolienhaube und hiermit zu bildende verpackungseinheit
DE3917110 1989-05-26

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0399540A1 EP0399540A1 (fr) 1990-11-28
EP0399540B1 true EP0399540B1 (fr) 1993-12-08
EP0399540B2 EP0399540B2 (fr) 2000-07-05

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EP90109925A Expired - Lifetime EP0399540B2 (fr) 1989-05-26 1990-05-25 Procédé et dispositif pour envelopper des marchandises avec une housse de film étirable et ensemble d'emballage formé avec ceux-ci

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0399540B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE98178T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3917110A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0399540T4 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5328031A (en) * 1991-05-06 1994-07-12 Teepak, Inc. Method of packaging an efficient strand package with hexagonal cross section
DE19928261A1 (de) 1999-06-21 2000-12-28 Moellers Maschf Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Umhüllen eines Stückgutstapels sowie eine nach dem Verfahren hergestellte Verpackungseinheit
DE19933856A1 (de) 1999-07-23 2001-01-25 Beumer Maschf Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zum Umhüllen von Stückgut, insbesondere eines Stückgutstapels, mit einer Stretchfolienhaube, und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
DE10103261A1 (de) * 2001-01-25 2002-08-14 Msk Verpackung Syst Gmbh Verfahren zum Überziehen eines Flachschlauches
EP1266828B1 (fr) 2001-06-13 2005-05-04 Beumer Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG Procédé et appareil pour envelopper des piles de marchandises avec une housse ou un manchon de film étirable
DE20109692U1 (de) * 2001-06-13 2002-10-24 Beumer Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg, 59269 Beckum Vorrichtung zum Umhüllen von Stückgut mittels einer Stretchfolienhaube
FR2869876B1 (fr) * 2004-05-07 2006-07-21 Thimon Sa Dispositif et procede d'ouverture d'une gaine plastique a soufflets pour la mise en forme d'une housse souple d'emballage d'une charge
WO2007088155A1 (fr) 2006-01-31 2007-08-09 Corpac Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Capot ou couvercle, en particulier pour des récipients pour une charge sensible à la corrosion
DE102006005666A1 (de) * 2006-01-31 2007-08-09 Corpac Deutschland Gmbh & Co.Kg Folie sowie hieraus hergestellte Haube
DE102009020454B3 (de) 2009-05-08 2010-10-28 Maschinenfabrik Möllers Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer palettenlosen Verpackungseinheit und palettenlose Verpackungseinheit

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FR2316127A1 (fr) * 1975-07-04 1977-01-28 Hurdequint Louis Procede de suremballage d'un fardeau par une gaine etirable, et dispositif de mise en oeuvre du procede
US4050219A (en) * 1976-02-19 1977-09-27 Comptex, Inc. Bagging machine
DE2706955A1 (de) * 1977-02-18 1978-08-24 Keller Gmbh & Co Kg Einrichtung zum umhuellen von stapeln, insbesondere von ziegelstapeln
DE3707877A1 (de) * 1987-03-11 1988-09-22 Lachenmeier Kurt Aps Verfahren und vorrichtung zum verpacken von gegenstaenden mit einer bahnfoermigen kunststoffolie
DE3873583D1 (de) * 1987-03-11 1992-09-17 Lachenmeier Kurt Aps Verfahren und vorrichtung zum verpacken von gegenstaenden mit einer bahnfoermigen kunststoffolie.
DE8808508U1 (de) * 1988-06-03 1988-08-25 Bernhard Beumer Maschinenfabrik KG, 59269 Beckum Vorrichtung zum Umhüllen von Stückgut mit einer Stretchfolienhaube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0399540T4 (da) 2000-09-04
DE59003755C5 (de) 2006-10-12
EP0399540A1 (fr) 1990-11-28
EP0399540B2 (fr) 2000-07-05
DE59003755D1 (de) 1994-01-20
DK0399540T3 (da) 1994-02-14
DE3917110C2 (fr) 1993-07-15
ATE98178T1 (de) 1993-12-15
DE3917110A1 (de) 1990-11-29

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