EP0390302A2 - Procédé et dispositif de fabrication en particulier d'éléments en plâtre imitant le marbre avec bon état de surface sur les faces apparentes - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de fabrication en particulier d'éléments en plâtre imitant le marbre avec bon état de surface sur les faces apparentes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0390302A2
EP0390302A2 EP90250084A EP90250084A EP0390302A2 EP 0390302 A2 EP0390302 A2 EP 0390302A2 EP 90250084 A EP90250084 A EP 90250084A EP 90250084 A EP90250084 A EP 90250084A EP 0390302 A2 EP0390302 A2 EP 0390302A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
elements
gypsum
frame
mold base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90250084A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0390302A3 (fr
EP0390302B1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Dipl.-Ing.Oec. Schmidt
Walter Dipl.-Ing. Ast
Wilfried Dr.-Ing. Flohr
Wilfried Dipl.-Ing. Rössing
Achim Rohse
Wolfgang Dr.-Ing. Schulz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SCHMIDT, MICHAEL, DIPL.-ING. OEC
SCHULZ, WOLFGANG, DR.-ING.
Original Assignee
Bauakademie der DDR
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bauakademie der DDR filed Critical Bauakademie der DDR
Publication of EP0390302A2 publication Critical patent/EP0390302A2/fr
Publication of EP0390302A3 publication Critical patent/EP0390302A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0390302B1 publication Critical patent/EP0390302B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B1/00—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
    • B30B1/003—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by an elastic bag or diaphragm expanded by fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/021—Ram heads of special form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/40—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material
    • B28B7/44—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material for treating with gases or degassing, e.g. for de-aerating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing plaster elements with decorati ven, high-quality visible surfaces that are widely used in the construction industry.
  • the plaster elements can be made in one color or marbled in various configurations, for example as flat or relief-like panels, as corner or column elements or as figurative bodies.
  • the method for removing excess water from freshly set gypsum bodies according to DE-AS 1771866 does not lead to any reduction in the pore space or to any high-quality visible surfaces.
  • an aqueous slurry of alpha-gypsum hemihydrate, sulphate metallurgical cement and aluminum sulphate is placed in a plate-shaped mold, defoamed by the application of vibrations during setting and demolded after the setting process.
  • the open mold consists of a base plate with a separable edge, which are detachably connected to each other.
  • several mixing containers can be connected to the individual molds via swiveling outlets.
  • the plaster tiles can be provided with a surface coating.
  • inorganic and / or organic fibers are provided in the tensile zone of the tiles. This shows that the vibration of an aqueous gypsum slurry in a form with smooth and non-porous inner surfaces is not sufficient to produce visible surfaces with a high surface quality.
  • the aim of the invention is to produce gypsum elements with decorative and high-quality visible surfaces industrially with little effort.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a method and an apparatus for the production of marble-like gypsum elements with visible surfaces of high surface quality, wherein the gypsum particles are concentrated in the area of the visible surfaces of the gypsum element, so that a high degree of growth of the crystallizing gypsum particles results, a simple loading the device with the mixture proportions and demoulding of the plaster element from the device is possible and a subsequent, complex visible surface treatment is not necessary.
  • a multilayer molding composition consisting of gypsum, water and, if necessary, color pigments is molded in a mold under pressure
  • a layer of dry gypsum powder of uniform thickness applied to this mixture. The even distribution can be supported by a short shaking process.
  • this molding compound is covered over the entire area with a hygroscopic and / or open-pore, less compressible material, by rigid and / or flexible pressure elements with simultaneous venting pre-compressed and then compressed with the exclusion of air.
  • An overpressure is preferably built up between 0.13 MPa and 0.5 MPa in the molding composition and the material covering it, the overpressure being able to be increased continuously up to the intended value or built up suddenly.
  • the size of the overpressure and the duration of its maintenance depend on the molding compound and / or the desired shape.
  • the molding compound itself can be sealed airtight in the side areas between the pressure element and the mold base.
  • the overpressure is built up in the closed form.
  • This has the additional advantage that the entire molding compound, including the edge areas, is exposed to the excess pressure in the same way.
  • the work steps up to building up the overpressure have to be carried out without delay.
  • the gypsum particles of the flowable layer of the molding compound are transported in the direction of the mold base and concentrate on and near the later visible surface of the gypsum element to be molded.
  • the components of the molding compound that are not required for recrystallization, such as air and excess water in the mold are transported in the direction of the pressure elements and are concentrated in the layer of gypsum powder and predominantly in the material covering the molding compound.
  • the pressure elements remain until solid end of the gypsum powder layer is at least partially pressurized so that no undesired deformation of the gypsum element occurs.
  • the plaster element is then released using the same pressure elements.
  • the visible surfaces of the gypsum element have a surface quality with high quality.
  • the steps carried out according to the claimed process in the sequence described under the specified conditions lead to an unexpected effect, so that apart from simple polishing, no further processing of the visible surfaces is required.
  • the solution according to the invention can be used for the effective industrial production of stucco marble.
  • the color pigments can be well distributed in the mixture to achieve a desired marbled color structure.
  • the water-gypsum ratio of the flowable mixture should be about 0.79. Gypsum is then applied to the flowable mixture powder evenly distributed in the amount that the water-gypsum ratio of the entire molding composition consisting of a flowable mixture and gypsum powder is about 0.25.
  • the device according to the invention for producing, in particular, marble-like gypsum elements with visible surfaces of high surface quality consisting of a lower part receiving the molding compound with a smooth and non-porous mold base and side walls and an upper part which can be locked by pressure and is vertically movable in the direction of the lower part, is thereby characterized that the upper part and the lower part are connected to an abutment, that the upper part is designed as a receptacle with pressure elements deflected at the top and bottom, the pressure element articulated on the head being supported on the abutment, in the end face of which faces the lower part, a protruding, circumferential surface Elastic seal is attached that the lower part consists of a dimensionally stable frame with an integrated separating frame, the elastic seal introduced by the end face of the frame facing the mold bottom nterteil is supported airtight on the mold base, that the mold base is movably arranged on the abutment and that a load distribution plate covering the entire configuration of the inner frame of
  • the upper part and the lower part can be locked airtight with each other via a seal.
  • the vent can be in the receptacle integrated and closed when the pressure element in the pressure element increases.
  • Several printing elements can be arranged on the receptacle.
  • the pressure elements are pressurizable cushions that are coupled to each other for control purposes.
  • the end faces of the partition frame connect to the mold base with sharp edges.
  • the facing side surfaces of the frame and the partition frame are wedge-shaped corresponding to each other.
  • the partition frame is locked in the frame during shaping - the partition frame is movable in the frame during demolding.
  • the side of the mold base facing the molding compound can be smooth or structured.
  • the load distribution plate is preferably sandwich-like.
  • the upper layer is a support layer for the actual direct transmission and consists, for example, of a metal plate. This is followed by an open-pore, less compressible layer.
  • a hygroscopic layer which in turn can consist of several partial layers, is arranged in direct contact with the molding compound.
  • the invention claims a method and the associated device for the production of, in particular, marble-like gypsum elements with visible surfaces of high surface quality in a wide variety of configurations.
  • marble-like gypsum elements with visible surfaces of high surface quality in a wide variety of configurations.
  • single-colored or marbled flat or relief-like plates, corner or column elements or figurative bodies can be produced by the method according to the invention.
  • this list does not claim to be complete.
  • the device in particular its elements, receptacle, load distribution plate, pressure elements and above all the mold base are designed in accordance with the plaster elements to be molded.
  • the solution according to the invention enables the production of gypsum elements with decorative and high-quality visible surfaces with little effort.
  • the device can be easily loaded with the mixture components. It is also possible to simply demold the plaster elements. Subsequent elaborate surface treatment is not necessary. If necessary, the visible surface can be polished with wax.
  • the use of complex visible surface seals is eliminated because the gypsum particles are concentrated in the area of the visible surfaces and there is a high degree of intergrowth of the crystallized gypsum particles.
  • the visible surfaces of the gypsum elements have a higher surface strength than previously known comparable products. The water absorption capacity of these areas is very low, from which there is an extensive field of application for the gypsum elements produced according to the invention.
  • elements for example plates, of small thickness can be produced, which can be attached by simple methods, for example by gluing.
  • the device consists of a lower part 3 receiving the molding compound 5 and an upper part 2 which is arranged to be vertically movable relative to the lower part 3 by the action of a force.
  • the upper part 2 and the lower part 3 are releasably connected to one another by a known spring-loaded locking device 2.7 and are connected to a common abutment 1, a box-shaped pressure vessel.
  • the upper part 2 is designed as a U-shaped receptacle 2.1, one or more pressure elements 2.2 being connected on the head side, which are connected to the abutment 1, and one or more pressure elements 2.3 being arranged on the bottom side.
  • the pressure line 2.4 for the pressure element 2.3 and a vent 2.5 are introduced into the receptacle 2.1.
  • the pressure elements 2.2 and 2.3 are pillows made of flexible material, which can be pressurized with a medium.
  • Air or other fluids can be used as the medium.
  • the pressure elements 2.2 and 2.3 are connected to one another in terms of control technology.
  • a protruding circumferential elastic seal 2.6 is attached, by means of which the upper part 2 and the lower part 3 are connected to one another airtight during the shaping.
  • the lower part 3 consists of the dimensionally stable frame 3.2 with an integrated separating frame 3.3.
  • the top view of the dividing frame consists of two L-shaped interlocking parts.
  • An elastic seal 3.4 is introduced into the end face of the frame 3.2 facing the mold base 3.1, as a result of which the lower part 3 is supported airtight on the mold base 3.1.
  • the separating frame 3.3 connects to the mold base 3.1 with sharp edges.
  • the separating frame 3.3 Due to the wedge-shaped corresponding side walls of the frame 3.2 and of the separating frame 3.3, the separating frame 3.3 is held locked during the shaping in the frame 3.2, while the separating frame 3.3 is movable in the frame 3.2 when the molded body is removed from the mold.
  • the mold base 3.1 is movably arranged on the abutment 1, and the side of the mold base 3.1 facing the molding compound 5, the later visible surface of the molded body, can be smooth or structured.
  • a load distribution plate 4 can be inserted between the upper part 2 and lower part 3, this covering the entire configuration of the inner configuration of the separating frame 3.3.
  • the sandwich-like plate has a metal plate 4.1, under which a perforated PVC plate 4.2 is arranged for the primary absorption of the excess air from the compressed molding compound 5.
  • the bottom layer is one or more hygroscopic nonwoven layers 4.3 for absorbing the excess water from the molding compound 5.
  • the upper part 2 and lower part 3 of the device are in the starting position separate from each other in the abutment 1 posi worked.
  • the mold base 3.1 mounted on rollers with the frame 3.2 arranged thereon with an integrated separating frame 3.3 was charged outside the abutment 1 with a molding compound 5 consisting of a flowable water-gypsum mixture 5.1 and a layer of dry gypsum powder 5.2 of uniform thickness applied thereover.
  • a molding compound 5 consisting of a flowable water-gypsum mixture 5.1 and a layer of dry gypsum powder 5.2 of uniform thickness applied thereover.
  • form-fitting corresponding means are formed.
  • the marbled structure in the visible area of the body to be molded can be achieved by adding color pigments in the mixture 5.1 or by previously applying pigments mixed with plaster and water to the mold base 3.1.
  • the molding compound 5 is covered with a load distribution plate 4 with a sandwich-like structure.
  • This plate has the layer structure mentioned above.
  • the load distribution plate 4 is placed on the molding compound 5. But it is also possible that parts of it are / are attached to the underside of the pressure element 2.1.
  • the pressure elements 2.2 and 2.3 which are coupled to one another via a control device, are now subjected to the pressure. Their pressurization is coordinated with one another by the control device in such a way that the pressure element 2.3 presses on the molding compound 5 via the load distribution plate 4, as a result of which the latter is vented via the vent 2.5 and at the same time pre-compressed (FIG. 2).
  • the pressure impressed on the molding compound 5 is maintained in full or somewhat reduced until the plaster element is dimensionally stable, so that no undesired deformation of the element occurs.
  • the property of the plaster elements that they are not immediately dimensionally stable due to the layer structure of the molding compound 5 can also be used in a targeted manner to shape the plaster elements.
  • the stucco marble slabs produced in this way have a high surface quality.
  • High abrasion resistance, high density and low pore volume, as well as high compressive and bending tensile strength make them comparable to natural marble.
  • the receptacle 2.1, the load distribution plate 4, the pressure elements 2.2 and 2.3 and the mold base 3.1 are designed accordingly.
  • the embodiment of the invention is not limited to the preferred exemplary embodiment specified above. Rather, a number of variants are conceivable which make use of the solution shown, even in the case of fundamentally different types.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
EP90250084A 1989-03-30 1990-03-30 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication en particulier d'éléments en plâtre imitant le marbre avec bon état de surface sur les faces apparentes Expired - Lifetime EP0390302B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DD327070 1989-03-30
DD327070A DD300966A7 (de) 1989-03-30 1989-03-30 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von insbesondere marmorähnlichen Gipselementen mit Sichtflächen hoher Oberflächengüte

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0390302A2 true EP0390302A2 (fr) 1990-10-03
EP0390302A3 EP0390302A3 (fr) 1991-09-04
EP0390302B1 EP0390302B1 (fr) 1995-03-22

Family

ID=5608064

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90250084A Expired - Lifetime EP0390302B1 (fr) 1989-03-30 1990-03-30 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication en particulier d'éléments en plâtre imitant le marbre avec bon état de surface sur les faces apparentes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0390302B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE120122T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2013151A1 (fr)
DD (1) DD300966A7 (fr)
DE (1) DE59008740D1 (fr)
HU (1) HU901850D0 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2676386A1 (fr) * 1991-05-15 1992-11-20 Scient Tech Batimen Centre Procede et dispositif de fabrication de blocs de construction a partir d'un liant hydraulique tel que du platre, d'une charge inerte telle que du sable et d'eau.
WO1994013445A1 (fr) * 1992-12-10 1994-06-23 Dryflow Limited Moulage de produits fibreux
US5788996A (en) * 1993-11-12 1998-08-04 Tecfim Apparatus for manufacturing building blocks from a hydraulic binder such as plaster, an inert filler such as sand, and water
EP0890422A1 (fr) * 1997-07-10 1999-01-13 Anton Wilhelm Procédé pour le coulage d'éléments , en particulier d'éléments décoratifs à partir de plâtre ou de béton et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé
WO2000030819A1 (fr) * 1998-11-26 2000-06-02 Jean Brouard Installation et moules de fabrication d'elements de construction a partir d'un melange de platre, d'une charge et d'eau
US7096625B1 (en) 1994-02-01 2006-08-29 Martin Hering Method of displaying advertising on a turnstile
CN105599111A (zh) * 2016-01-05 2016-05-25 佛山市恒力泰机械有限公司 一种陶瓷压砖机的砖坯排气方法

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1203655B (de) * 1961-03-14 1965-10-21 Bauakademie Berlin Deutsche Verfahren zur Herstellung von mehrschichtigen ungepressten oder leichtgepressten Platten und Formteilen aus faserbewehrtem Gips
DE1809649A1 (de) * 1967-08-10 1970-10-15 Klaus Kirner Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Pressformen sowie eine solche Pressform aufweisendes Presswerkzeug
FR2157013A5 (fr) * 1971-10-13 1973-06-01 France Etat
DE2337728A1 (de) * 1973-07-25 1975-02-06 Kurt Glass Chem Fabrik Bauelement aus beton od. dgl
FR2310869A1 (fr) * 1975-05-13 1976-12-10 Bettonica Luigi Perfectionnements aux presses hydrauliques pour la fabrication de carreaux, assiettes et tasses en matiere ceramique, et autres objets similaires
DE2905609A1 (de) * 1979-02-14 1980-08-21 Edel Baudekoration Verfahren zur herstellung eines gegenstandes aus stuckmarmor
EP0053187A1 (fr) * 1980-05-21 1982-06-09 Mitsuishi Fukai Tekkosho, Ltd. Appareil de formation de briques du type a vide
SU668809A1 (ru) * 1976-06-21 1982-06-23 Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Тепло- И Масообмена Им.А.В.Лыкова Способ изготовлени гипсовых облицовочных плит
US4373889A (en) * 1981-02-13 1983-02-15 Crossley Machine Company, Inc. Hydraulic press assembly

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1203655B (de) * 1961-03-14 1965-10-21 Bauakademie Berlin Deutsche Verfahren zur Herstellung von mehrschichtigen ungepressten oder leichtgepressten Platten und Formteilen aus faserbewehrtem Gips
DE1809649A1 (de) * 1967-08-10 1970-10-15 Klaus Kirner Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Pressformen sowie eine solche Pressform aufweisendes Presswerkzeug
FR2157013A5 (fr) * 1971-10-13 1973-06-01 France Etat
DE2337728A1 (de) * 1973-07-25 1975-02-06 Kurt Glass Chem Fabrik Bauelement aus beton od. dgl
FR2310869A1 (fr) * 1975-05-13 1976-12-10 Bettonica Luigi Perfectionnements aux presses hydrauliques pour la fabrication de carreaux, assiettes et tasses en matiere ceramique, et autres objets similaires
SU668809A1 (ru) * 1976-06-21 1982-06-23 Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Тепло- И Масообмена Им.А.В.Лыкова Способ изготовлени гипсовых облицовочных плит
DE2905609A1 (de) * 1979-02-14 1980-08-21 Edel Baudekoration Verfahren zur herstellung eines gegenstandes aus stuckmarmor
EP0053187A1 (fr) * 1980-05-21 1982-06-09 Mitsuishi Fukai Tekkosho, Ltd. Appareil de formation de briques du type a vide
US4373889A (en) * 1981-02-13 1983-02-15 Crossley Machine Company, Inc. Hydraulic press assembly

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SOVIET INVENTIONS ILLUSTRATED, Woche 07, 30. März 1983, Zusammenfassung Nr. 16787 K/07, Derwent Publications Ltd, Londen, GB; & SU-A-668 809 (AS BELO HEAT MASS) 23-06-1982 *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2676386A1 (fr) * 1991-05-15 1992-11-20 Scient Tech Batimen Centre Procede et dispositif de fabrication de blocs de construction a partir d'un liant hydraulique tel que du platre, d'une charge inerte telle que du sable et d'eau.
WO1992020502A1 (fr) * 1991-05-15 1992-11-26 Centre Scientifique Et Technique Du Batiment Procede et dispositif de fabrication de blocs de construction a partir d'un liant hydraulique tel que du platre, d'une charge inerte telle que du sable et d'eau
US5507996A (en) * 1991-05-15 1996-04-16 Tecfim Method and apparatus for manufacturing building blocks from a hydraulic binder such as plaster, an inert filler such as sand, and water
WO1994013445A1 (fr) * 1992-12-10 1994-06-23 Dryflow Limited Moulage de produits fibreux
US5788996A (en) * 1993-11-12 1998-08-04 Tecfim Apparatus for manufacturing building blocks from a hydraulic binder such as plaster, an inert filler such as sand, and water
US7096625B1 (en) 1994-02-01 2006-08-29 Martin Hering Method of displaying advertising on a turnstile
EP0890422A1 (fr) * 1997-07-10 1999-01-13 Anton Wilhelm Procédé pour le coulage d'éléments , en particulier d'éléments décoratifs à partir de plâtre ou de béton et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé
WO2000030819A1 (fr) * 1998-11-26 2000-06-02 Jean Brouard Installation et moules de fabrication d'elements de construction a partir d'un melange de platre, d'une charge et d'eau
FR2786428A1 (fr) * 1998-11-26 2000-06-02 Jean Brouard Installation et moules de fabrication d'elements de construction a partir d'un melange de platre, d'une charge et d'eau
CN105599111A (zh) * 2016-01-05 2016-05-25 佛山市恒力泰机械有限公司 一种陶瓷压砖机的砖坯排气方法
CN105599111B (zh) * 2016-01-05 2018-05-25 佛山市恒力泰机械有限公司 一种陶瓷压砖机的砖坯排气方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59008740D1 (de) 1995-04-27
ATE120122T1 (de) 1995-04-15
EP0390302A3 (fr) 1991-09-04
EP0390302B1 (fr) 1995-03-22
DD300966A7 (de) 1992-09-17
CA2013151A1 (fr) 1990-09-30
HU901850D0 (en) 1990-08-28

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