WO2000030819A1 - Installation et moules de fabrication d'elements de construction a partir d'un melange de platre, d'une charge et d'eau - Google Patents
Installation et moules de fabrication d'elements de construction a partir d'un melange de platre, d'une charge et d'eau Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000030819A1 WO2000030819A1 PCT/FR1999/002789 FR9902789W WO0030819A1 WO 2000030819 A1 WO2000030819 A1 WO 2000030819A1 FR 9902789 W FR9902789 W FR 9902789W WO 0030819 A1 WO0030819 A1 WO 0030819A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- mixture
- molds
- plates
- installation according
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0002—Auxiliary parts or elements of the mould
- B28B7/0014—Fastening means for mould parts, e.g. for attaching mould walls on mould tables; Mould clamps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
- B28B3/08—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with two or more rams per mould
Definitions
- the invention relates to an installation and molds for manufacturing building elements from a mixture of plaster, a filler and water, of the type described in international application PCT / FR92 / 00424 from the same inventor.
- PCT / FR92 / 00424 a technique for manufacturing building blocks by compression of a mixture of plaster, sand and water, and by hydration of plaster under pressure in a constant volume by counteracting the volume expansion which results naturally from the hydration of the plaster.
- This gives a densification of the crystal network of the plaster and the blocks produced have very interesting mechanical characteristics such as: - dimensional precision of the order of a tenth of a millimeter,
- the object of the present invention is in particular to solve these problems in a simple, efficient and economical manner. It relates to improvements to the installation described in the aforementioned prior application, these improvements making it possible to manufacture blocks and other construction elements at a high rate and with a low cost, automatically or almost automatically.
- an installation for manufacturing building elements by molding a mixture of plaster, a filler and water, comprising molds having movable upper and lower plates, at least one pair of jacks axially aligned for the compression of the mixture in the molds, and demolding means, characterized in that, for the compression of the mixture in a mold, said jacks are connected to the mold by means capable of withstanding the compressive forces of the mixture in the mold.
- the chassis of the installation according to the invention can be relatively simple and light, since it only has to support the weight of the jacks, molds and other parts of the installation, the compressive forces of the mixture in the molds being supported by the means which connect the compression cylinders to the molds.
- the means connecting the jacks comprise tie rods working in traction and which are fixed or hooked on the cylinders of the jacks and on the mold.
- the cylinders are fixed to the molds by hooking, at least two opposite lateral walls of the mold having horizontal dovetail grooves intended to receive hooking pins formed at the ends of the tie rods and engaged in these grooves , for example during a translation of the mold.
- these tie rods are of adjustable length.
- This realization offers the advantage of a very simple and very rapid adaptation to changes in shape or size of the elements to be manufactured.
- the installation comprises mechanical means for blocking the mold plates after compression of the mixing, these means being engaged by translation on the mold and intended to maintain a predetermined distance between the plates by resisting the volume expansion of the plaster during its hydration.
- these blocking means are fixed to the molds by attachment, for example by means of pins engaged in translation in grooves in the side walls of the molds.
- These locking means comprise support means on at least one mold tray, and these support means can be moved between a locking position and a release position of the tray by mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic control means.
- the blocking means can be fitted with rollers or support rollers on a plate of the mold, these rollers or rollers being mounted eccentrically in rotation about an axis parallel to the plate and being driven in rotation by a lever between a blocking position and a plate unlocking position.
- this installation comprises a station for loading the molds into a mixture, in which at least one aforementioned mold is placed between two complementary mold elements having substantially the same internal cross section as the aforementioned mold, means for bringing the mixture by gravity into the assembly formed by the complementary mold elements and the mold placed between them, means for positioning the upper and lower mold plates in the aforementioned mold elements and packing means mixture in the mold elements, reducing the expansion by displacement of the plates in predetermined positions inside the aforementioned mold.
- the means for supplying the mixture comprise a cylinder of flexible material such as a plasticized canvas for example, hung along a helical line inside a rigid cylindrical envelope whose axis is inclined on the 'horizontal, means for feeding plaster and a granular load at the upper end of the flexible cylinder, means for rotating the envelope around its axis, a belt conveyor extending between the lower end envelope and flexible cylinder and the mold loading station, and means for spraying water onto the mixture falling into the complementary mold elements from the conveyor.
- a cylinder of flexible material such as a plasticized canvas for example
- Such a device makes it possible to mix plaster with wet sand without risk of sticking of the mixture in the mixer.
- the invention also provides a mold for manufacturing building elements from a mixture of plaster and water, and intended in particular to be used in an installation of the type described above, characterized in that longitudinal grooves are formed in at least two opposite side walls of the mold for moving the mold from one station to another in the installation, and / or for attaching the compression cylinders and the mold release cylinder (s), and / or by hooking the blocking means of the mold plates.
- the invention allows automatic or quasi-automatic manufacture, at high speed and at low cost, of construction elements such as the blocks described in the aforementioned prior international application.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically the main stations of a manufacturing installation according to the invention
- Figure 2 shows schematically the mold loading station
- - Figure 3 is a schematic view of the compression station
- Figure 4 schematically shows an alternative embodiment of the station of Figure 3
- FIG. 5 diagrammatically represents means for blocking the plates of a mold
- FIG. 6 is a partial schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the locking means.
- the reference 10 designates a mold of the type described in the above-mentioned international application. from the same inventor, that is to say comprising rigid and non-deformable side walls and upper and lower plates displaceable in translation with a small clearance inside the mold.
- the installation according to the invention comprises a loading station 12 in which a metered quantity of a mixture of plaster, of a granular load such as sand and water is discharged inside the mold 10 as indicated by arrow 14, then is compacted by moving one towards the other of the two mold plates as indicated by arrows 16, to cancel the expansion of the mixture inside the mold, expel some of the air contained in the mixture and better distribute the water in the mixture.
- the mold 10 is then transferred to the next station in the installation, which is a station 18 for compressing the mixture by means of two axially aligned hydraulic cylinders which exert opposite forces on the upper and lower plates of the mold as indicated by the arrows 20 to bring them closer to each other until they are separated by a predetermined distance corresponding to the height of the building block to be manufactured.
- a station 18 for compressing the mixture by means of two axially aligned hydraulic cylinders which exert opposite forces on the upper and lower plates of the mold as indicated by the arrows 20 to bring them closer to each other until they are separated by a predetermined distance corresponding to the height of the building block to be manufactured.
- this compression which is slow, the air remaining in the mixture of plaster, filler and water is expelled by the play between the vertical walls and the mold plates, the water under pressure is distributed uniformly in the mixture, and by its movement optimally aligns the finest elements of the load, the excess water is driven off by the clearances between the vertical walls and the mold plates and the mixture in the mold is
- means 24 for blocking the plates are mounted and fixed on the mold to maintain between the plates a constant distance equal to the height of the block to be manufactured, and this substantially until the end of the hydration of plaster.
- the mold 10 provided with the locking means 24 is transmitted to a demolding station 26 where, successively, the locking means 24 are removed from the mold, the upper plate of the mold is moved apart, and a jack exerts a vertical force on the lower plate of the mold as indicated in 28 to unmold from the top of the mold the building block which has just been manufactured. Then, the mold 10 and its upper and lower plates are brought back to the loading station 12 for manufacturing a new building block, possibly passing through a cleaning station.
- FIG. 2 An exemplary embodiment of the loading station 12 is shown in more detail in FIG. 2.
- the height of the mold 10 is advantageous, for reasons of price, weight, size and convenience of handling, for the height of the mold 10 to be as small as possible, and in practice only a few centimeters greater than the sum of the height of the mold. 'element to be manufactured and thicknesses of the upper and lower plates. Under these conditions, the mold 10 is associated, at the loading station 12, with complementary mold elements 30 having substantially the same horizontal cross section as the mold 10 and which are placed above and below it, to increase its total height to a sufficient value.
- the means for supplying a mixture of plaster, sand and water to the assembly formed by the mold 10 and the complementary elements 30 comprise means 32 for mixing plaster and sand in predetermined proportions, an endless belt conveyor 34 between the outlet of the mixing means 32 and the set of molds 10, 30, and means 36 for spraying water onto the mixture of plaster and falling sand in molds 10, 30.
- the mixing means 32 comprise a rigid cylindrical casing 38, for example metallic or plastic, inside which is a cylinder 40 of flexible material, for example of plastic fabric, having a diameter smaller than that of the envelope and fixed to the internal surface of the envelope 38 along a helical line 42, the ends of this flexible cylinder 40 can be fixed to the ends of the envelope 38 over their entire perimeter to remain open.
- the axis of the envelope 38 is inclined on the horizontal above the belt conveyor 34 and suitable means 44 are provided to support the envelope 38 and cause it to rotate about its axis.
- Means are provided for separately introducing the plaster and the sand at the upper end of the flexible cylinder 40, as indicated by the arrows 46.
- the means 36 are actuated to spray a predetermined amount of water onto the mixture falling into the mold assembly 10, 30.
- the sand supplied to the mixer 32 is wet, its humidity is controlled and measured and is taken into account in determining the amount of water that the means 36 must spray, this amount of water supplementing that contained in the wet sand.
- the operation is for example as follows: a mold 10 is brought between the complementary elements 30 which are held in predetermined positions by suitable means, then the lower plate 50 of the mold is brought into the complementary element lower 30 to close the lower end of the mold assembly 10, 30,
- the upper mold plate is placed in the upper complementary element 30, at this station or at a neighboring station, hydraulic cylinders apply pressure to the lower plates 50 and 52 to move them towards each other until they are brought inside the mold 10, the outer faces of the plates 50 and 52 then being at the same level as the upper and lower ends respectively of the mold 10.
- This movement of the plates 50 and 52 in the complementary mold elements 30 aims to cancel the proliferation of the plaster and sand mixture inside the molding assembly.
- the stroke of each plate is several centimeters and lasts several seconds, the slow movement of the plates making it possible to properly pack the mixture in the mold, the excess air being evacuated by the clearances between the plates and the walls of the mold 10 and additional elements 30.
- the mold 10 - plates 50, 52 assembly is transferred to the compression station 18, an exemplary embodiment of which is shown in FIG. 3 .
- This station 18 comprises at least two hydraulic cylinders 54 axially aligned and oriented towards each other, the cylinders 56 of these cylinders being fixed on a frame 58 and supported by the latter, the piston rods 60 of these cylinders being intended exerting high pressure on the upper and lower plates of the mold to move them towards each other inside the mold over a predetermined stroke.
- the cylinders 56 of the cylinders are connected to the mold 10 by tie rods 62, one end of which is for example fixed on the cylinders 56 by screws or the like and the other end of which is hung on a side wall 64 of the mold 10.
- two opposite side walls 64 of the mold 10 have horizontal grooves 66 which extend over the entire length of the mold and which are intended to receive hooking pins 68 formed at the free ends of the tie rods 62, the grooves 66 and the tenons 68 preferably being of the L-shaped or half-dovetail type.
- the operation is as follows: a mold 10 with its plates 50 and 52 in the position shown in FIG. 3, is brought between the jacks 56 while being supported and guided by means provided on the frame 58 and cooperating for example with the grooves 56 side walls of the mold.
- the pins 68 of the tie rods 62 are engaged in the grooves 66 of the walls of the mold.
- the compression of the mixture in the mold having the aim of expelling the air remaining in the mixture, of distributing the water uniformly in the mixture and of removing the excess water , the mixture in the mold being compressed to the vicinity of its maximum compactness.
- the forces developed by the jacks are fully supported by the tie rods 62 and by the side walls 64 of the mold, the forces transmitted to the chassis 58 of the installation being almost zero or relatively very low.
- the cylinders 56 of the cylinders 54 aligned on either side of a mold 10 are connected directly to each other by tie rods 70, the ends of which are fixed to the cylinders 56 for example by screws, bolts or the like or by any other suitable means, possibly by hooking.
- the mold 10 is supported and guided between the jacks 54 by means integral with the frame 58 and cooperating for example with the grooves 66 of the side walls of the mold.
- the jacks 54 When the jacks 54 are supplied with pressurized fluid to compress the mixture inside the mold 10, the compressive forces are supported by the cylinders 56 of the jacks and by the tie rods 70.
- the jacks 54 are controlled to release the plates from the mold and the mold is immediately transferred to the next station, where the means 24 for locking the plates are provided.
- An exemplary embodiment of these blocking means is shown in FIG. 5.
- each plate 50, 52 of the mold is held in position by at least one device 24 comprising a transverse cylinder 72 bearing on the external surface of the plate 50 or 52, and uprights 74 for fixing to the mold, these uprights 74 comprising hooking pins engaged in the grooves 66 of the side walls of the mold and bearings receiving the ends of a shaft 76 on which the cylinder 72 is fixedly mounted eccentrically, the shaft 76 being able to be driven in rotation around its axis by any suitable means, such as for example a lever arm 78 mounted at one of its ends.
- the uprights 74 can be hung in grooves in the side walls of the mold different from the above-mentioned grooves 66.
- the locking means 24 are positioned so that, during the movement of the mold 10 leaving the compression station 18, the grooves 66 engage automatically on the studs of the uprights 74.
- the means 24 being in place on the mold 10, it it suffices to turn the levers 78 about a maximum of a half-turn so that the cylinders 72 are applied to the covers 50 and 52 and maintain them in their position, by opposing any volume expansion inside the mold.
- the distance between the plates 50 and 52 is thus determined by the dimensional characteristics of the mold and the locking means 24 and can therefore be defined with great precision, corresponding to a dimensional tolerance of 0.1 mm at most on the height of the building element.
- the means 24 being locked in place on the mold, the latter is transferred to the demolding station 26, where: the locking means 24 are released and removed from the mold when the hydration of the plaster inside the mold is finished,
- the mold 10 and its plates are brought back to the loading station 12, possibly passing through a cleaning station.
- hooking means on the molds are used for the demoulding cylinder or cylinders, which are of the same type as those shown in FIG. 3.
- each locking means 24 extends longitudinally on one side of the mold and comprises, for example, a frame 80 hung on the side wall of the mold 10 by engagement of at least one stud in a groove 66 of this wall, and a lever 82 rotatably mounted on the frame 80 around a longitudinal axis 84, one end of the lever 82 bearing on the plate 52 (or 50) of the mold, for example by the through a roller or roller 86.
- the rotation of the lever 82 around the axis 84 is determined to exceed a position in which the roller or roller 86 is vertically aligned with the axis 84 and to go slightly beyond, for example in a position of support of the roller 86 on the wall of the mold.
- the locking means of the plates can be hung on the mold by engagement of pins in two parallel grooves of each wall of the mold, for more rigidity.
- the invention which has just been described allows a high rate of manufacture of construction elements: if it is assumed that the residence time of a mold at one station of the installation and of its transfer to the next station is 15 seconds, the production rate is 240 construction elements per hour for an installation comprising a single pair of compression cylinders, it is 480 or 960 construction elements per hour if double or quadruple molds are used , etc.
- the manufacturing installation remains relatively simple and light, since the compressive forces of the mixture in the molds up to the vicinity of its maximum compactness are supported by the compression cylinders and by the molds themselves, and not by the installation frame. It is the same for the release efforts and the efforts to maintain the mold plates.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU11677/00A AU1167700A (en) | 1998-11-26 | 1999-11-12 | Plant and moulds for making building elements from a mixture of gypsum plaster, a filler and water |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR98/14932 | 1998-11-26 | ||
FR9814932A FR2786428B1 (fr) | 1998-11-26 | 1998-11-26 | Installation et moules de fabrication d'elements de construction a partir d'un melange de platre, d'une charge et d'eau |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000030819A1 true WO2000030819A1 (fr) | 2000-06-02 |
Family
ID=9533245
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1999/002789 WO2000030819A1 (fr) | 1998-11-26 | 1999-11-12 | Installation et moules de fabrication d'elements de construction a partir d'un melange de platre, d'une charge et d'eau |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU1167700A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2786428B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2000030819A1 (fr) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2434719A1 (de) * | 1974-07-04 | 1976-01-22 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Druckvorrichtung zum kalt- und warmverformen von metall-legierungen und pulverpresslingen |
EP0390302A2 (fr) * | 1989-03-30 | 1990-10-03 | Schmidt, Michael, Dipl.-Ing. oec | Procédé et dispositif de fabrication en particulier d'éléments en plâtre imitant le marbre avec bon état de surface sur les faces apparentes |
WO1992020502A1 (fr) * | 1991-05-15 | 1992-11-26 | Centre Scientifique Et Technique Du Batiment | Procede et dispositif de fabrication de blocs de construction a partir d'un liant hydraulique tel que du platre, d'une charge inerte telle que du sable et d'eau |
-
1998
- 1998-11-26 FR FR9814932A patent/FR2786428B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-11-12 WO PCT/FR1999/002789 patent/WO2000030819A1/fr active Application Filing
- 1999-11-12 AU AU11677/00A patent/AU1167700A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2434719A1 (de) * | 1974-07-04 | 1976-01-22 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Druckvorrichtung zum kalt- und warmverformen von metall-legierungen und pulverpresslingen |
EP0390302A2 (fr) * | 1989-03-30 | 1990-10-03 | Schmidt, Michael, Dipl.-Ing. oec | Procédé et dispositif de fabrication en particulier d'éléments en plâtre imitant le marbre avec bon état de surface sur les faces apparentes |
WO1992020502A1 (fr) * | 1991-05-15 | 1992-11-26 | Centre Scientifique Et Technique Du Batiment | Procede et dispositif de fabrication de blocs de construction a partir d'un liant hydraulique tel que du platre, d'une charge inerte telle que du sable et d'eau |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2786428B1 (fr) | 2001-02-02 |
AU1167700A (en) | 2000-06-13 |
FR2786428A1 (fr) | 2000-06-02 |
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