Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
  • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
  • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for converting biomass into soil improvement, fertilizer and / or vegetative substrate substances, in which the frequently grown, optionally comminuted biomass is subjected to the action of natural decomposition processes until the desired degree of conversion is reached.
• biomass is usually roughly comminuted, possibly by shredding, for example. accumulated and the action of natural microorganisms and the like. left.
• the various types of biomass are usually introduced into the pile in a disordered manner, depending on the attack.
• the object of the invention is to create a method of the type mentioned at the beginning which, with the simplest means, permits a substantially more complete conversion of the biomass and delivers conversion products which have a significantly higher effectiveness than soil improvement. , Show fertilizer and / or plant growth substrate substances.
• Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross section of a
• FIG. 2 shows a similar cross section of a rent according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention.
• Biomass of various types is used to carry out the method according to the invention.
• the use of wood chopped to the size of sawdust grain to absorb and retain volatile conversion products is particularly important.
• the shredded wood, biomass, straw and the like are used for biomass. and manure are used, in each case in uniform, superimposed layers, as will be described.
• Fig. 1 shows a rent 1 constructed according to the invention with horizontal stratification.
• the rent lies on a concrete base 9, which has a collecting channel 10 outside the area covered by the rent.
• This collecting trough 10 serves to be able to return any liquid components that may leak into the rent;
• the concrete base is laid with a slight slope (at least 2 °) in such a way that escaping liquid runs off to the collecting trough 10. It should be noted that no liquid components usually leak because they are retained in the rent;
• the collecting trough 10 is only used in individual cases.
• another, essentially water-impermeable material can be used instead of concrete, for example clay; Plastic material is less preferred.
• a layer 2 of wood (approximately 20 cm thick in the exemplary embodiment) made of wood, which is crushed to the size of sawdust. This wood layer absorbs liquid conversion products passing downward and is itself converted when the process according to the invention is carried out.
• the thickness of the bottom wood layer 2 will always be chosen so that it absorbs this tion function can suffice; an additional thickness will be avoided if possible.
• Suitable materials for the lowermost wood layer 2 are, for example, wood waste from saw mills, joineries, carpentry, from window construction, from veneer factories, from forest clearing etc., for example trunks and branches more than 30 mm thick. Bark and bark can also be crushed. When using softwood, care should be taken not to incorporate large quantities of needles, since these can adversely affect the conversion processes.
• a layer 3 of greenery lies over this lowermost layer 2 of shredded wood.
• the layer is usually between 10 cm and 40 cm thick, but its thickness strongly depends on the type of greenery available, in particular on its degree of comminution, bulkiness, etc.
• spurned pasture feed, beet leaves, potato herb are suitable as greenery , Weg ⁇ raine, hedge trimming, waste from plant cleaning, lawn trimming, carrot herb, celery greens, vegetable and salad waste, grape pomace, beer pomace, waste from grain silos, mills, canning factories as well as other branches of life and Production of luxury goods, even organic waste from urban waste, aquatic plants, sugar cane, leaves, twigs and shrubs from forest cleaning and the like. more.
• Fruit waste can also be introduced on a pro rata basis.
• the biomass is introduced with natural moisture; rain-damp greens are particularly suitable.
• the biomass should not be compressed. Plant parts that contain microcidal or phytoncidal ingredients should not be used; For example, larger amounts of green rhododendron leaves might be disruptive.
• the greens can be shredded; for example, branches and the like. to be shredded.
• a layer 4 of moist straw is applied to the green layer 3.
• the straw should not be wet, but should be damp on the surface. It is introduced without shredding, preferably as bulky as possible.
• rapeseed, cereal, corn straw, sunflower straw, cotton and hemp waste, legume straw, soy straw, also spoiled hay, reeds, dry leaves and the like are suitable.
• a layer 5 of manure follows the straw layer 4. If only cow manure, especially cow manure, is used, then a relatively thin layer is sufficient. The manure can in particular be applied fresh, well loosened. If manure from the loft bed is used, it should be shredded. It is possible to use other types of manure besides cattle manure.
• Another layer 6 of wood lies above the manure layer 5 and is comminuted to the size of sawdust. A complete layer sequence in the sense of the invention is concluded with this further layer. As shown in FIG. 1, a second sequence of layers can advantageously be built up on this further layer of shredded wood, in the same order as described above.
• the further layer 6 made of shredded wood then forms the bottom layer; the wood layer 6 is followed by a second green layer 3, a second straw layer 4 and a second manure layer 5.
• a layer 6 of shredded wood which in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 also forms the top, final layer of the rent 1 bil ⁇ det. In practice, this rent would then be approximately 2;
• the rent built up from horizontal layer sequences can be brought to a total height of up to 3 meters by adding further layer sequences of the type mentioned.
• the top layer of the rent 1 is again formed by a layer 6 of shredded wood.
• This layer must be so thick that it can absorb the volatile conversion substances that are released during the conversion in the lease. Whether the top layer is thick enough can easily be seen from the fact that a dark discoloration will show through if the thickness is insufficient.
• the top layer of wood must be added by adding more shredded wood to be reinforced.
• a layer thickness of the uppermost wood layer 6 of 10 cm to 20 cm is usually sufficient. It is important that the work is only interrupted for a long time when the rent is being built up if the last layer applied is a layer of shredded wood, that is to say the cover required according to the invention is ensured.
• the volume fraction of the bottom wood layer 2 is about 25%, that of the green layer about 40%, that of the straw layer about 30 % and that of the manure layer is about 3%. If, which is readily possible and also very advantageous, more manure is to be brought in, then the manure portion can be increased to approximately 30%, but the minimum proportion of 3% by volume of cow manure should be retained. With such a large proportion of manure, the rent should be converted during the conversion in order to achieve optimal results.
• the rent 1 shown in Fig. 1 can be carried out with a widely variable width; the width is usually between 7 m and 20.
• the length of the rent is optional.
• the rent is between 2 m and 3 m.
• the rent On the side surfaces, the rent has 1 side Outer layers 7, 8 made of wood shredded to sawdust grain size, which connect the lowermost wood layer 2 with the uppermost wood layer 6, which closes the rent 1 on the top side.
• the angle of inclination of the lateral wood layers 7, 8 is approximately from the horizontal between 45 ° and 51 ° so that the rent is stable 'and the side layers of wood 7, 8 do not slip.
• a slit can remain in the lateral wooden layer 7, 8 at the level of the green layer 3, which is then closed with shredded wood two days later.
• This slot advantageously serves to enable an initially stronger air supply to the greenery layer.
• ingredients do not escape, because they are caught by the wooden layers lying like a bell over the greenery layer or absorbed by the lowest wooden layer 2.
• the rent 1 * according to FIG. 2 has a modified structure.
• the layer sequences which otherwise correspond entirely to the layer sequence described above for the rent according to FIG. 1, are each inclined to a vertical central plane of the rent 1 '.
• a layer about 20 cm thick
• strong brushwood guests can be placed on the sole for ventilation and is then covered on the top with an approximately 10 cm thick layer of thin branches.
• This is followed by a layer of straw, then the layer structure as already described.
• This layer of branches and twigs is indicated in Fig. 2 between the sole 9 'and the lowermost wood layer 2'.
• Such a rent should be implemented once or twice.
• the rent l 1 in the second preferred embodiment is also covered on all sides by layers of shredded wood 2 ', -7', 8 ', 6 1 . It is preferably between 15 m and 20 m wide, with any length, and can easily be built up to a height of 5.
• the layers of shredded wood used to encase the heap on all sides are of particular importance for obtaining the advantages which the method according to the invention can offer compared to all known methods.
• the conversion processes within the rent should take place in such a way that moisture and volatile conversion products remain in the rent throughout the entire conversion, but without it being able to rot, as would be the case if the housing were completely closed off from the environment.
• the wood shredded to sawdust grain size consists of small particles with a very high surface area. As a result of the comminution process, it is shredded, splintered, of a very uneven shape, correspondingly bulky and porous, and thus particularly absorbent.
• the rent constructed according to the invention has a particularly balanced equilibrium between aerobic and aerobic conversion processes, in which decay processes may also be involved, which are not due to the activities of living beings.
• the following materials can also be used as covering and sealing material for the layers used for all-round covering of the rent: straw, corn stalks, sunflower stems, millet stems, artichoke stems, clover, alfalfa, alpha-alpha, elephant grass, cotton perennials , Sugar cane, reeds and / or similarly structured dry hard residues of the pyto mass. It is important that this material is torn, torn, torn and / or shredded as much as possible during comminution in order to give the individual grains the largest possible surface.
• the solid conversion products obtained prove to be enormous in the products of known processes think. While the other types of compost are pure soil food into which it is not possible to plant or sow directly, the conversion product according to the invention is also plant food and bed for seeds and young plants and promotes root stock formation. With conventional composts it can be achieved, for example, that a grain of wheat produces six to seven fruit-bearing stalks. If a corresponding grain of wheat is allowed to grow on the conversion product, which comes from a rent according to the invention, then up to 28 fruit-bearing stalks are obtained from one grain! Such plants are incredibly powerful.
• the conversion products according to the invention can serve as such as plant growth substrates. But they can also be incorporated as a soil conditioner. For example, desert and steppe areas would be converted into yielding cultivated areas by incorporating corresponding amounts of the conversion products according to the invention; the necessary water retention in the soil would also be achieved, since an absorbent and absorbent humus layer is formed immediately. Drawn with the conversion product according to the invention Plants need up to 50% less water because of their better rhizomes.
• the time period in which the method according to the invention proceeds to the end point can be between approximately 4 and approximately 12 months and can be influenced by appropriate measures. A longer conversion time is preferably chosen.
• the conversion can, however, be greatly accelerated by, for example, introducing already existing conversion product as a starter into a newly built rent. Alternatively, commercially available compost starters can be used in small quantities. In both cases, the material providing the acceleration is applied to the straw layer when building a rent according to the invention.
• a newly built rent can be connected to an existing rent which is in the process of being converted.
• the "mother pile" is pierced from the side, preferably in the area of a sequence of green stuff to mixed layers;
• the new rent will then be built on the basis of the mother rent in such a way that a direct connection to the corresponding layers of the new rent is established.
• the material removed when the mother rent was pierced is sprinkled thinly on the straw layer of the new pile, whereupon the rent is completed by applying the manure layer and the uppermost wood layer.
• the end point of the conversion can easily be determined by taking samples from the rent. It shows that the material inside the rent is colored black and crumbling. Until the end point has been reached, the conversion process can also be followed instrumentally, for example by introducing probes that monitor the temperature and the like. allow; such probes or sensors can also be used to control the desired constant humidity inside the rent. If the rent should dry out too much due to unfavorable weather conditions, water can be added at points through the upper layer of wood; the moistened areas of the uppermost layer of wood are subsequently covered by applying further shredded wood.
• a lowermost layer of wood of the necessary thickness is provided first. On this comes material from the rent to be converted, also in a layer thickness of approximately 20 cm. If necessary, the material is moistened. This is followed by a layer of shredded straw, about 10 cm thick, also moistened; Further layers of material from the rent and straw to be converted then follow up to the desired amount of the rent. It is closed again with a cover made of shredded wood.
• cables or rod-shaped elements can be laid on the sole before the rental is set up. The rent is then built up on this; for ventilation, the cables or rods are then pulled upwards, for example with a crane, through the rent, which brings about the desired ventilation.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
• Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
• Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
• Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
• Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
• Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)

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• 1988
  • 1988-08-19 DE DE19883828186 patent/DE3828186C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1989
  • 1989-08-17 AU AU43153/89A patent/AU4315389A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1989-08-17 DE DE8989115156T patent/DE58901480D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-08-17 JP JP1509745A patent/JPH03501841A/ja active Pending
  • 1989-08-17 ES ES89115156T patent/ES2032637T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-08-17 EP EP89910432A patent/EP0386221A1/de active Pending
  • 1989-08-17 RU SU4743824 patent/RU2051136C1/ru active
  • 1989-08-17 AT AT89115156T patent/ATE76396T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1989-08-17 EP EP19890115156 patent/EP0356816B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-08-17 WO PCT/EP1989/000969 patent/WO1990002108A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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