EP0355379B1 - Boulon d'ancrage du type forage-injection - Google Patents

Boulon d'ancrage du type forage-injection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0355379B1
EP0355379B1 EP89112936A EP89112936A EP0355379B1 EP 0355379 B1 EP0355379 B1 EP 0355379B1 EP 89112936 A EP89112936 A EP 89112936A EP 89112936 A EP89112936 A EP 89112936A EP 0355379 B1 EP0355379 B1 EP 0355379B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drilling
anchor
hollow body
anchor shaft
injection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89112936A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0355379A3 (fr
EP0355379A2 (fr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Friedr Ischebeck GmbH
Original Assignee
Friedr Ischebeck GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Friedr Ischebeck GmbH filed Critical Friedr Ischebeck GmbH
Priority to AT89112936T priority Critical patent/ATE86356T1/de
Publication of EP0355379A2 publication Critical patent/EP0355379A2/fr
Publication of EP0355379A3 publication Critical patent/EP0355379A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0355379B1 publication Critical patent/EP0355379B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E21B17/1078—Stabilisers or centralisers for casing, tubing or drill pipes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/18—Pipes provided with plural fluid passages
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0053—Anchoring-bolts in the form of lost drilling rods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drilling injection anchor, with a thread passage running through the wall of the anchor shaft, a drill bit arranged at the front end, the cutting bits assigned to the drill bit and a central channel running in the axial direction and ending in the area of the drill bit for supplying a flushing agent.
  • a continuous thread extends on the jacket wall side, at the front end of which a drill bit is arranged.
  • This is equipped with two carbide cutting edges on the tip.
  • Two diametrically opposed channels lead to these, which open into an annular space.
  • a radial channel emanates from the latter and allows flushing agent or the like to be fed in during drilling through a central channel running in the axial direction and ending in the area of the drill bit.
  • the diameter of the drill bit is significantly larger than the anchor shaft. This creates an annular space for the removal of cuttings and washing-up liquid.
  • Grouting anchors for sandy, cohesive soils and for loose rock are also known. So that the drilling block does not collapse, a jacking pipe or protective pipe is drilled in.
  • the actual anchor consisting of single-rod anchors (ribbed prestressing steel) or high-strength strands, is inserted into this protective tube.
  • the protective tube is pulled at the same time. The resulting annular space is immediately filled with cement paste.
  • a disadvantage of these designs is that cuttings and washing-up liquid wash around the drill bit and thus the wall of the bore, e.g. B. in clay soils. This has to As a result, the borehole diameter is increased to an extent that cannot be calculated in advance and thus more cement paste is required for pressing. Furthermore, there is a risk that the drill block will collapse and the drill bit will run out of the direction.
  • Another disadvantage is the use of grout anchors for sandy, cohesive soils and loose rock.
  • the introduction of such grout anchors is much more labor-intensive and therefore also more expensive than the introduction of drilling injection anchors into solid soils.
  • the object of the invention is based on the object of designing a drill injection anchor of the type mentioned in such a way that it does not soften the bore wall during the drilling process and that it can be used both in solid and in sandy, cohesive soils or in loose rock.
  • the drill bit has a cylindrical hollow body which is arranged at a distance from the anchor shaft of the drill injection anchor, in order to form a flow-through annular space between the outer wall of the anchor shaft and the inner wall of the hollow body, the hollow body having a length which is at least approximately corresponds to the diameter of the drill bit.
  • the cylindrical hollow body which is arranged at a distance from the anchor shaft on the drill bit, is used for better removal of drilling cuttings and washing-up liquid. These flow through the annular space formed between the outer wall of the anchor shaft and the inner wall of the hollow body and can thus Bore wall, e.g. B. in clay soils, do not soften.
  • This training has the advantage that the borehole diameter is not increased by the flowing off drilling cuttings and washing-up liquid and therefore only the pre-calculated amount of cement paste is required.
  • the hollow body stabilizes the hole wall in the area of the drill bit.
  • the length of the hollow body corresponds at least approximately to the diameter of the drill bit.
  • Another advantage of this drilling injection anchor provided with a hollow body is that it can be used in both solid and sandy, cohesive soils or loose rock in addition to the advantages mentioned above.
  • the hollow body wall serves as a protective tube in order to counteract the collapse of the borehole.
  • the bore wall is compressed by the rotating hollow body wall during driving.
  • the hollow body, which serves as a protective tube remains as a lost part in the bore after being grouted with cement paste.
  • a drill injection anchor designed in this way receives a uniform bore wall (with a substantially constant cross-section over the entire length of the bore) and does not run out of direction.
  • this drilling injection anchor can be used in both solid and loose soils.
  • An advantageous further development can be seen in the fact that the hollow body is a piece of pipe.
  • the cutting edges act as cutting elements are formed, which have an extension projecting into the annular space, which the hollow body from the outer wall of the anchor shaft distanced and by means of which the hollow body is connected to the anchor shaft. The resulting openings on the front of the drill head are used to remove cuttings and detergent.
  • the distance between the outside of the hollow body and the wall of the anchor shaft corresponds to the dimension of the cement covering. Furthermore, it proves to be advantageous when flushing during the drilling operation that the cutting elements are connected to a cutter holder that can be screwed onto the tip of the anchor shaft and that at least one flushing opening that opens outward is formed in the cutter holder and is connected to the flushing channel. Another, radially arranged flushing opening, which opens towards the side wall of the borehole, penetrates the cutter carrier and the extension of a cutter element. Another advantageous feature is that the drill injection anchor is hot-dip galvanized. This creates a second corrosion protection in addition to the cement stone cover.
  • the anchor shaft is seated in a corrugated tube made of polyethylene (PE), the annular space being pressed with cement paste at the factory.
  • PE polyethylene
  • This anchor shaft, coated with corrugated pipe and cement block, is then additionally grouted with cement glue on site.
  • untreated, raw drilling injection anchors are used, which are protected by an even layer of cement stone of at least 2 cm. There is no double protection against corrosion.
  • the drilling injection anchor is provided with double protection against corrosion by hot-dip galvanizing and uniform cement stone covering, both for temporary and permanent use. A laborious covering of the anchor shaft with a corrugated tube and the subsequent pressing of the annular space with cement paste is not necessary.
  • a spacer element is assigned to the drill injection anchor, the spacer element having a mounting hub which has a larger inner diameter than the outer diameter of the anchor shaft thread for the freely displaceable seating on the anchor shaft.
  • the spacer is attached to the anchor shaft. See e.g. US-A-15 18 370. This has the consequence that the spacer element rotates during the drilling process and damages the bore wall or a possibly inserted protective tube. This danger does not exist with the subject of the application, since in this case, due to the larger inner diameter of the hub compared to the outer diameter of the armature shaft, the spacer element is seated on the armature shaft in a freely displaceable manner. As a result, the spacing element cannot move to rotate during the drilling process of the anchor juice. A possible frictional connection between the inner wall of the hub and the outer wall of the anchor shaft usually counteracts the friction of the spacer element on the wall of the bore.
  • the mounting hub is connected via spacer elements to form conduction paths with an outer ring body which has an outer diameter which corresponds to the outer diameter of the hollow body of the drill bit.
  • the mounting hub is connected to an outer ring body via spacer elements.
  • This advantageous development contains the Advantage that the spacer element does no cutting or scraping work on the borehole wall, as is possible with the radially arranged web elements of the known designs. The unobstructed drainage of cuttings and washing-up liquid is guaranteed by the formation of conduit paths. Since the outer diameter of the ring body corresponds to that of the hollow body of the drill bit, the anchor shaft is centered in the drill bit, with the result that after the drilling injection anchor has been pressed in, a uniform cement stone covering is obtained.
  • the spacer element is made of plastic and is therefore protected against corrosion.
  • the hub diameter corresponds to the outside diameter of the coupling nut.
  • the spacer element is taken along by the coupling nut. Due to the fact that the individual drill injection anchor elements are connected at a distance of 2 - 3 m with coupling nuts, each of which is preceded by a spacer, the drill injection anchor is stored at previously calculable points and thus centered.
  • the drilling injection anchor 1 shown in FIG. 1 has on the jacket wall 20 of its hot-dip galvanized anchor shaft 2 a thread 3 extending uniformly over its entire length.
  • a flushing channel 4 is located in the center and over the entire length of the anchor shaft 2, in the axial direction. which is used to supply a detergent or the like.
  • a drill bit 5 is assigned to it. This consists of a cutter holder 6, three cutter elements 7 - 9 arranged radially and at the same angle to one another and a hollow body 10 designed as a tube piece.
  • the cutter holder 6 is screwed onto the terminal thread of the anchor shaft 2 by means of a hot-dip galvanized, cylindrical receptacle 11, which has an internal thread 12.
  • This receptacle 11 is closed at its front end by a hot-galvanized cutter support head 13 which forms a drill tip.
  • a hot-galvanized cutter support head 13 On the side facing the receptacle 11, an annular space 14 is formed, from which three radially arranged flushing openings 15 lead to the end face of the cutter carrier head 13.
  • the cutter carrier head 13 is equipped with three pointed cutting elements 7-9 made of hard metal. These have extensions 16 which are supported on the lateral surface of the receptacle 11.
  • One from Annular space 14 extending radial channel 18 passing through the cutter holder 6 and the cutting element 7 and opening towards the borehole side wall 17 serves as an additional flushing opening during the drilling process.
  • the hollow body 10 is connected by welding to the extensions 16 serving as spacing elements.
  • the length of the hollow body 10 corresponds approximately to 1.5 times the diameter of the drill bit 5.
  • the diameter of the hollow body 10 is approximately equal to that of the drill head 5, with the distance between the hollow body inner wall 19 and anchor shaft wall 20 must at least correspond to the required cement stone covering .
  • the free spaces 21 remaining between the extensions 16 serve to remove cuttings and washing-up liquid.
  • the two anchor shaft sections 2 'and 2 ⁇ connecting coupling nut 22 upstream, made of wear-resistant plastic spacer 23 is composed of a mounting hub 24, three radially and at the same angle to each other webs 25 and an outer ring body 26 together.
  • the inside diameter of the mounting hub 24 is larger than the outside diameter of the armature shaft 2 and thus allows the spacing element 23 to be moved freely.
  • the outside diameter of the mounting hub 24 corresponds to the outside diameter of the coupling nut 22, which, as a result, can take the spacing element 23 with it during the drilling process.
  • the webs 25 arranged on the mounting hub 24, which carry the outer ring body 26, leave line clearances 27 which are used for the removal of drilling cuttings and washing-up liquid.
  • the outer diameter of the outer ring body 26 corresponds to that of the hollow body 10.
  • rinsing agent is passed through the rinsing channel 4 via the rinsing openings 15 and the radial channel 18 introduced into the hole.
  • This flushing agent is carried away, taking the cuttings, through the free spaces 21 formed between the extensions 16 of the cutting elements 7 - 9 and through the annular space 28 formed between the hollow body 10 and the anchor shaft 2.
  • the hollow body 10 simultaneously protects the borehole wall 17 against falling in and flushing out through the flushing stream.
  • the spacer 23 is pushed on. During further drilling, the spacer 23 is pushed into the borehole via the coupling nut 22.
  • the anchor shaft 2 rotates during further drilling in the spacer element 23, the cuttings and the rinsing liquid being able to flow between the webs 25 through the line clearances 27. Due to the larger inner diameter of the mounting hub 24 compared to the outer diameter of the armature shaft 2, the spacer element 23 remains freely displaceable and cannot rotate with the armature shaft 2. This has the consequence that the borehole wall 17 cannot be damaged by rotating the ring body 26.
  • the drill injection anchor 1 is suitable for both permanent and temporary use, whereby a double protection against corrosion is achieved in that the drill injection anchor 1 is hot-dip galvanized and provided with a uniform cement stone cover.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Ancrage de forage-injection (1) muni d'un filet continu (3) du côté de la paroi d'enveloppe de l'arbre d'ancrage (2), d'une couronne de forage (5) disposée a' l'extrémité antérieure, et à laquelle sont associés des couteaux (7) et d'un canal central s'étendant en direction axiale et qui se termine dans la zone de la couronne de forage pour l'amenée d'un moyen de rinçage, caractérisé en ce que la couronne de forage (5) comporte un corps creux cylindrique (10) disposé espacé par rapport à l'arbre d'ancrage (2) de l'ancrage de forage-injection (1) pour ménager un espace annulaire (28) pouvant être traversé par un écoulement entre la paroi latérale (20) de l'arbre d'ancrage (2) et la paroi intérieure (19) du corps creux (10), le corps creux (10) ayant une longueur qui correspond au moins sensiblement au diamètre de la couronne de forage (5).
  2. Ancrage de forage-injection selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la longueur du corps creux (10) correspond sensiblement à une fois et demie le diamètre de la couronne de forage (5).
  3. Ancrage de forage-injection selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les couteaux sont constitués comme des éléments de couteaux (7 à 9) qui présentent un prolongement (16) faisant saillie dans l'espace annulaire (28) et qui écartent le corps creux (10) de la paroi latérale (20) de l'arbre d'ancrage (2) et au moyen duquel le corps creux (10) est lié à l'arbre d'ancrage (2).
  4. Ancrage de forage-injection selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de couteaux (7 à 9) sont liés à un support de couteaux (6) vissable à l'extrémité de l'arbre d'ancrage et en ce que dans le support de couteaux (6) est formée au moins une ouverture de rinçage (15) débouchant directement vers l'extérieur et qui est en liaison avec le canal de rinçage (4).
  5. Ancrage de forage-injection selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'ancrage de forage (1) est galvanisé.
  6. Elément d'espacement d'un ancrage de forage-injection selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que cet élément d'espacement (23) comporte un moyeu de maintien (24) qui, pour pouvoir être mis en place avec liberté de coulissement sur l'arbre d'ancrage (2), présente un diamètre intérieur supérieur au diamètre extérieur du filetage de l'arbre de rotor (filetage 3).
  7. Elément d'espacement selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le moyeu de maintien (24) est lié par des éléments d'écartement (entretoises 25) pour ménager des chemins d'écoulement à un corps annulaire extérieur (26) qui présente un diamètre extérieur correspondant au diamètre extérieur du corps creux (10) de la couronne de forage (5).
  8. Elément d'espacement selon l'une des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'espacement (23) consiste en une matière plastique résistant à l'usure.
  9. Elément d'espacement selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, dans lequel plusieurs éléments d'ancrage de forage-injection sont liés par un écrou d'accouplement, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre du moyeu correspond au diamètre extérieur de l'écrou d'accouplement (22).
EP89112936A 1988-08-20 1989-07-14 Boulon d'ancrage du type forage-injection Expired - Lifetime EP0355379B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89112936T ATE86356T1 (de) 1988-08-20 1989-07-14 Bohr-injektionsanker.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3828335 1988-08-20
DE3828335A DE3828335C1 (fr) 1988-08-20 1988-08-20

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0355379A2 EP0355379A2 (fr) 1990-02-28
EP0355379A3 EP0355379A3 (fr) 1991-02-06
EP0355379B1 true EP0355379B1 (fr) 1993-03-03

Family

ID=6361267

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89112936A Expired - Lifetime EP0355379B1 (fr) 1988-08-20 1989-07-14 Boulon d'ancrage du type forage-injection

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0355379B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE86356T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3828335C1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2039765T3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2720595C1 (ru) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-12 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" Способ повышения несущей способности сваи по грунту

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4127249C1 (fr) * 1991-08-17 1993-02-04 Gd-Anker Gmbh, 3370 Seesen, De
DE4136883C2 (de) * 1991-11-09 1993-10-14 Gd Anker Gmbh & Co Kg Bohrrohr
DE4211334C1 (en) * 1992-01-21 1993-09-02 Gd-Anker Gmbh, 38723 Seesen, De Rock anchor for insertion in poorly cohesive rock - comprises bore anchor producing hole and stabilising hole walling and injection anchor inserted with hardenable medium
DE4201419C1 (en) * 1992-01-21 1993-08-19 Gd-Anker Gmbh, 3370 Seesen, De Rock anchor for location in rock with low cohesion factor - comprises outer bore anchor for making borehole and stabilising hole wall and injection anchor of hardenable material
DE19503122B4 (de) * 1995-02-01 2004-07-22 Ibi Anker Gmbh Injektionsanker
DE29611966U1 (de) 1996-07-10 1997-11-13 Friedr. Ischebeck Gmbh, 58256 Ennepetal Bohrkrone
EP1099799B1 (fr) 1999-11-10 2009-07-15 Smet-F & C Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'un pieu par injection à haute pression
DE10013581B4 (de) * 2000-03-18 2017-11-09 Friedr. Ischebeck Gmbh Verwendung eines im Baubereich einzusetzenden Stahlteils
DE10106695B4 (de) * 2001-02-14 2010-11-25 Friedr. Ischebeck Gmbh Bohrkrone für einen Bohr- oder Injektionsanker
DE10234255B4 (de) * 2002-06-27 2010-07-01 Friedr. Ischebeck Gmbh Verwendung von Bohr-Injektionsankern als flächentragende Armierung eines Vortriebs-Gewölbeschirmes
DE102005042481A1 (de) * 2005-09-07 2007-03-08 Mkt Metall-Kunststoff-Technik Gmbh & Co. Kg Ankerstange
FI20075066L (fi) * 2007-02-01 2008-08-02 Sandvik Mining & Constr Oy Poraustyökalu
DE102008014700A1 (de) * 2008-03-18 2009-09-24 Dywidag-Systems International Gmbh Korrosionsgeschützter Selbstbohranker sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE202009002360U1 (de) 2009-02-19 2009-05-20 Hartmann, Josef Erdanker mit Ankerteller
DE102010016484A1 (de) 2009-08-20 2011-02-24 Friedr. Ischebeck Gmbh Kupplung für das Verbinden von Ankerstangen
RU2452815C2 (ru) * 2010-08-30 2012-06-10 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Кубанский государственный аграрный университет" Мультикорневой грунтовый анкер
DE102010061006A1 (de) 2010-12-03 2012-06-06 Friedr. Ischebeck Gmbh Kupplung, insbesondere für das Verbinden von Ankerstangen
RU2514261C1 (ru) * 2012-11-15 2014-04-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Кубанский государственный аграрный университет" Буроинъекционная свая с локальными уширениями
RU2524077C1 (ru) * 2013-01-10 2014-07-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Кубанский государственный аграрный университет" Буроинъекционная свая с наклонными локальными уширениями
CN111335923B (zh) * 2020-05-19 2020-09-15 中铁五局集团第一工程有限责任公司 一种不良地质隧道软岩大变形的施工方法
CN116044312B (zh) * 2023-04-03 2023-06-23 湖南大学 一种可以实时监测注浆压力的曲线高压旋喷注浆钻头

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DE3204417C2 (de) * 1982-02-09 1986-01-02 Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG, 8000 München Anordnung zum Setzen eines Felsnagels
DE3400182A1 (de) * 1984-01-04 1985-07-11 Friedr. Ischebeck GmbH, 5828 Ennepetal Injektionsanker

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2720595C1 (ru) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-12 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" Способ повышения несущей способности сваи по грунту

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2039765T3 (es) 1993-10-01
EP0355379A3 (fr) 1991-02-06
DE58903641D1 (de) 1993-04-08
DE3828335C1 (fr) 1989-11-30
EP0355379A2 (fr) 1990-02-28
ATE86356T1 (de) 1993-03-15

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