EP0354288B1 - Kunststoffmaterial - Google Patents

Kunststoffmaterial Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0354288B1
EP0354288B1 EP19880311286 EP88311286A EP0354288B1 EP 0354288 B1 EP0354288 B1 EP 0354288B1 EP 19880311286 EP19880311286 EP 19880311286 EP 88311286 A EP88311286 A EP 88311286A EP 0354288 B1 EP0354288 B1 EP 0354288B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
millimetres
plastics material
elements
dimension
thermoplastics
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19880311286
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0354288A3 (en
EP0354288A2 (de
Inventor
Ian Stedman Biggs
Bronislaw Radvan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wiggins Teape Group Ltd
Original Assignee
Wiggins Teape Group Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wiggins Teape Group Ltd filed Critical Wiggins Teape Group Ltd
Priority to AT88311286T priority Critical patent/ATE92840T1/de
Publication of EP0354288A2 publication Critical patent/EP0354288A2/de
Publication of EP0354288A3 publication Critical patent/EP0354288A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0354288B1 publication Critical patent/EP0354288B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
    • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/105—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcement of definite length with a matrix in solid form, e.g. powder, fibre or sheet form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/12—Making granules characterised by structure or composition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/12—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2991—Coated
    • Y10T428/2998—Coated including synthetic resin or polymer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/69—Autogenously bonded nonwoven fabric

Definitions

  • This invention relates to thermoplastics material elements.
  • it relates to such material for use in conjunction with reinforcing fibres, such as glass fibres, for forming aqueous dispersions from which open webs of the fibre and plastic can be formed by deposition and drainage on a foraminous support.
  • Such webs are subsequently subjected to heat and pressure to form mouldings or consolidated or permeable sheets for subsequent moulding.
  • the preferred size for the plastics particles is from 20 to 1,000 microns, and optimally between 300 and 500 microns in order to achieve maximum homogeneity in mouldings and to maximize the flexural modulus.
  • an air permeable sheet-like structure comprising 20% to 60% by weight of a fibrous component being single discrete reinforcing fibres having a modulus of elasticity higher than about 10,000 Mega Pascals, and between about 7 and about 50 millimetres long and 40% to 80% by weight of a thermoplastics component being wholly or substantially unconsolidated elements of thermoplastics material, and in which the fibrous and thermoplastics components are bonded into an air permeable structure, characterised in that at least some of said elements of thermoplastics materials each have a first dimension of between 0.3 millimetres and 1 millimetres, a second dimension of between 1.5 millimetres and 30 millimetres, a total volume of at least 1.8 but not more than 30 cubic millimetres and a surface area to volume ratio greater than about 4:1, with any further elements of thermoplastics material present each having a volume of less than about 1.8 cubic millimetres.
  • a high modulus of elasticity is to be taken as meaning a modulus of elasticity substantially higher than that of a consolidated sheet which could be formed from the structure.
  • Reinforcing fibres falling into this category include glass, carbon and ceramix fibres and fibres such as the aramid fibres sold under the trade names Kevlar and Nomex and will generally include any fibre having a modulus of elasticity higher than 10,000 Mega Pascals.
  • the first dimension is less than 0.7 millimetres. It has been found that if the first dimension is between 0.3 and 0.5 millimetres very satisfactory results can be obtained.
  • thermoplastic materials may for example be made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrilonitryl-butadiene-styrene,polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate or polyvinylchloride both plasticised and unplasticised.
  • suitable thermoplastics include polyphenylene ether or polycarbonates or polyestercarbonates or thermoplastic polyesters or polyetherimides or acrylonitrile- butylacrylate-styrene polymers or amorphous nylon or polyarylene ether ketone or alloys and blends of these materials with each other or other polymeric materials.
  • the preferred plastics material is nylon 6.
  • the invention also includes a process for the manufacture of a permeable sheet-like fibrous structure which includes forming an aqueous dispersion of 20% to 60% of single discrete fibres having a modulus of elasticity higher than about 10,000 Mega Pascals and between 7 millimetres and 50 millimetres long, and 40% to 80% by weight of wholly or substantially unconsolidated elements of thermoplastics material, laying down and draining said aqueous dispersion on a foraminous support to form a web, and then treating the web to bond the fibres and thermoplastics material together, characterised in that at least some of said elements of thermoplastics material each have a first dimension of between 0.3 millimetres and 1 millimetres, a second dimension of between 1.5 millimetres and 30 millimetres, a total volume of at least 1.8 but not more than 30 cubic millimetres and a surface area to volume ratio greater than 4:1, with any further elements of thermoplastic material present each having a volume of less than about 1.8 cubic millimetres.
  • the process may also include the steps of producing said particulate thermoplastics material elements by forming a sliver of said plastics material and cutting said sliver into elements each having dimensions as above specified.
  • the sliver of thermoplastics material from which the particles are cut may be formed by paring the sliver from a solid mass of said synthetic thermoplastics material.
  • the mass may comprise a bar which is turned or reciprocated in engagement with a cutting tool so as to generate the sliver.
  • molten thermoplastics material may be extruded through a die and cooled in air or water, being cut by a rotary tool during or after cooling.
  • the present invention incorporates and can be performed according to the method and apparatus as set forth in European Patent Application No. 85300031.3 (Publication No. 0 148 760), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
  • particulate plastics material comprising elements which have a first dimension of not more than 1 millimetre, a second dimension of between 1.5 and 30 millimetres, a total volume or not more than 30 cubic millimetres and a surface area to volume ratio greater than about 4:1.
  • particulate plastics material for use in the invention can be produced in many ways but a number of methods will now be described by way of example and with reference to Figures 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings which show four alternative methods of forming a sliver and cutting it into particles of appropriate size.
  • Figure 1 shows a rod 1 of plastics material which is rotated in the direction of the arrow 2 in engagement with a cutting tool 3 so as to produce swarf-like slivers 4 which fall into a hopper 5.
  • a reciprocating knife 6 cuts the slivers 4 into particles 7 which fall into a receptacle 8.
  • a bar 10 of thermoplastics material is reciprocated in the direction of the arrow 11 passed a scraping tool 12 which produces slivers 13.
  • the slivers 13 fall into a hopper and are cut as described above with reference to Figure 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a die casing 20 having a die 21 through which molten thermoplastic 22 is driven in a conventional manner.
  • a rod 23 forms on cooling and extends through a cutting block 24 against which a rotary cutter 25 operates.
  • the cutter 25 cuts particles 26 from the rod which are collected in a receptacle 27.
  • a die casing 30 has an opening 31 through which molten thermoplastic 32 is driven under pressure into an integral container 33 which is filled with water 34.
  • the thermoplastics material 32 is cut into particles 35 by a rotary cutter 36.
  • the particles are cut to the dimensions hereinabove specified for use in the formation of an aqueous dispersion with reinforcing fibres.
  • Table 1 lists various examples of material made according to the process and which can be used in the manufactured material.
  • Nylon 6 samples were produced from a billet of Nylon 6 by shaving or skiving with various machine tools and sheets made in the same manner as for polycarbonate.
  • One sample was produced as a very fine fluff which, having a particle volume of less than 1.8 cubic millimetres was used as a control.
  • Polypropylene powder sold by ICI Ltd. under the trade reference PXC 81604 was used to extrude fine rods at different diameters which were subsequently chopped to various lengths.
  • polypropylene powder having a particle size of less than 1 millimetres was used as a control.
  • thermoplastic elements in a form other than powder and having volumes greater than 1.8 cubic millimetres may be usefully employed without serious, (that is more than 10%) loss of flexural modulus.
  • These elements may take the form of shredded film, plastics shavings or extruded/cut elements made by the methods described above.
  • the precise shape or means of production for the elements is not critical, so long as one dimension is less than 1 millimetre (and preferably less than 0.7 millimetres), another dimension is less than 30 millimetres and the Surface Area:Volume Ratio greater than 4:1. Such particles having a volume of up to 30 cubic millimetres are satisfactory.
  • the invention therefore provides a low cost thermoplastics material suitable for fibre reinforced plastics manufacture, which is not currently commercially available and also facilitates the use of low cost waste plastics materials.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

Claims (16)

1. Luftdurchlässige, tafelartige Struktur mit 20 Gew.-% bis 60 Gew.-% einer Faserkomponente aus einzelnen, diskreten Verstärkungsfasern mit einem Elastizitätsmodul über etwa 10000 Megapascal und einer Länge zwischen etwa 7 und etwa 50 mm und 40 Gew.-% bis 80 Gew.-% einer thermoplastischen Komponente, welche vollständig oder wesentlich aus unverfestigten Elementen aus einem thermoplastischen Material besteht, wobei die faserartige und die thermoplastische Komponente zu einer luftdurchlässigen Struktur miteinander verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens einige der Elemente aus thermoplastischem Material (8) jeweils eine erste Größe zwischen 0.3 mm und 1 mm, eine zweite Größe zwischen 1.5 mm und 30 mm, ein Gesamtvolumen von mindestens 1.8 und höchstens 30 mm3 und ein Verhältnis von Oberfläche zu Volumen über 4:1 aufweisen und jedwede weiteren Elemente vorhandenen thermoplastischen Materials jeweils ein Volumen von weniger als etwa 1.8 mm3 aufweisen.
2. Luftdurchlässige, tafelartige Struktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste Größe kleiner als 0.7 mm ist.
3. Luftdurchlässige, tafelartige Struktur nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste Größe zwischen 0.3 und 0.5 mm liegt.
4. Luftdurchlässige, tafelartige Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das partikelförmige Kunststoffmaterial (8) ein Thermoplast oder ein wärmeaushärtender Kunststoff oder eine Mischung aus beiden ist.
5. Luftdurchlässige, tafelartige Struktur nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kunststoffmaterial Polyäthylen, Polypropylen, Polystyrol, Acrylnitrylstyrolbutadien, Polyäthylenterephthalat oder Polyvinylchlorid ist.
6. Luftdurchlässige, tafelartige Struktur nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kunststoffmaterial Nylon 6 ist.
7. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer durchlässigen, tafelartigen Faserstruktur, umfassend die Bildung einer wässrigen Dispersion von 20% bis 60% einzelner, diskreter Fasern mit einem Elastizitätsmodul über etwa 10000 Megapascal und einer Länge zwischen 7 mm und 50 mm und 40 Gew.-% bis 80 Gew.-% vollständig oder im wesentlichen unverfestigter Elemente thermoplastischen Materials, die Ablagerung und die Drainage dieser wässrigen Dispersion auf einem porösen Träger zur Bildung einer Faserstofflage, und die darauffolgende Behandlung der Faserstofflage zur Zusammenbindung der Fasern mit dem thermoplastischen Material, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens einige der Elemente thermoplastischen Materials jeweils eine erste Größe zwischen 0.3 mm und 1 mm, eine zweite Größe zwischen 1.5 mm und 30 mm, ein Gesamtvolumen von mindestens 1.8 und höchsten 30 mm3 und ein Verhältnis von Oberfläche zu Volumen von über 4:1 aufweisen, und jedwede weiteren Elemente vorhandenen thermoplastischen Materials jeweils ein Volumen von weniger als etwa 1.8 mm3 aufweisen.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste Größe kleiner als 0.7 mm ist.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste Größe zwischen 0.3 und 0.5 mm liegt.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7, 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kunststoffmaterial (8) ein Thermoplast oder ein wärmeaushärtender Kunststoff oder eine Mischung aus beiden ist.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kunststoffmaterial Polyäthylen, Polypropylen, Polystyrol, Acrylnitrylstyrolbutadien, Polyäthylenterephthalat oder Polyvinylchloridpolycarbonat, sowohl plastifiziert als auch unplastifiziert,ist.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kunststoffmaterial Nylon 6 ist.
13. Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche 7 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die Verfahrensschritte der Herstellung der Elemente (8) aus Kunststoffmaterial durch Bildung einer Lunte (4) aus diesem Kunststoffmaterial und des Schneidens dieser Lunte in Elemente (7) mit jeweiligen Größen innerhalb des genannten Bereichs, umfaßt.
14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Lunte (4) aus Kunststoffmaterial gebildet wird, indem diese Lunte (4) (13) von einer festen Masse (1) (10) dieses Kunststoffmaterials abgetrennt wird.
15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Masse eine Stange (10) ist, welche im Eingriff mit einem Schneidwerkzeug (3) (12) gedreht oder hin- und herbewegt wird, um die Lunte (4) (13) herzustellen.
16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das geschmolzene Kunststoffmaterial (32) aus einer Spritzform (31) extrudiert und in Luft oder Wasser gekühlt wird und wahrend des Kühlens oder danach mit einem drehbaren Werkzeug (36) geschnitten wird.
EP19880311286 1988-08-03 1988-11-29 Kunststoffmaterial Expired - Lifetime EP0354288B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88311286T ATE92840T1 (de) 1988-08-03 1988-11-29 Kunststoffmaterial.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8818425 1988-08-03
GB8818425A GB8818425D0 (en) 1988-08-03 1988-08-03 Plastics material

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0354288A2 EP0354288A2 (de) 1990-02-14
EP0354288A3 EP0354288A3 (en) 1990-10-31
EP0354288B1 true EP0354288B1 (de) 1993-08-11

Family

ID=10641535

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880311286 Expired - Lifetime EP0354288B1 (de) 1988-08-03 1988-11-29 Kunststoffmaterial

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5053449A (de)
EP (1) EP0354288B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0667598B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE92840T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3883231T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2042768T3 (de)
FI (1) FI92605C (de)
GB (1) GB8818425D0 (de)

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CA3046625A1 (en) 2016-12-12 2018-06-21 Hanwha Azdel, Inc. Composite articles including surface layers that provide enhanced formability
CN112074402A (zh) 2018-01-05 2020-12-11 汉华阿兹德尔股份有限公司 提供阻燃性和降噪的复合制品
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DE3883231D1 (de) 1993-09-16
GB8818425D0 (en) 1988-09-07
EP0354288A3 (en) 1990-10-31
EP0354288A2 (de) 1990-02-14
FI885505A0 (fi) 1988-11-28
FI92605C (fi) 1994-12-12
FI92605B (fi) 1994-08-31
JPH0255124A (ja) 1990-02-23
ES2042768T3 (es) 1993-12-16
DE3883231T2 (de) 1993-11-25
JPH0667598B2 (ja) 1994-08-31
FI885505A (fi) 1990-02-04
ATE92840T1 (de) 1993-08-15
US5053449A (en) 1991-10-01

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