Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
  • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
  • C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
  • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
  • C23G5/06—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using emulsions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/50—Solvents
  • C11D7/5004—Organic solvents
  • C11D7/5027—Hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/24—Hydrocarbons

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for the cleaning, washing, degreasing, deoiling, removal of swarf or of pigments of objects.
• Cleaning operations of metals, plastics, ceramics, glass or textiles are usually performed in a continuous one-phase system, which is a solvent or a solvent mixture or an aqueous system comprising dissolved ingredients, such as detergents, pH-modifiers, complexing agents, etc. Solvents are also used with dissolved ingredients or as emulsions in water.
• UK Patent Application 2,026,551 discloses a method for the cleaning of surfaces which are contaminated with oil comprising contacting the oily surfaces with a cleaner comprising an organic solvent and an aqueous solution of a substance which decreases the surface tension and/or increases the alkalinity of the solution, and in which subsequent to the cleaning operation the contaminated cleaner is separated from the bodies being cleaned and on standing separates into organic and aqueous phases.
• a cleaner comprising an organic solvent and an aqueous solution of a substance which decreases the surface tension and/or increases the alkalinity of the solution
• US Patent Specification 4,619,706 discloses a two-phase liquid both comprising either glycol phenol ether or ethoxylated furfuryl alcohol as organic phase and an aqueous phase, said phases being relatively insoluble in one another.
• ethoxylated furfuryl alcohol has a significant degree of solubility in aqueous solutions having low alkaline concentrations and furthermore 2-phenoxyethanol has a solubility of 2.69 in 100g of water.
• the compounds have a too great solubility to be used in the process according to the invention.
• the system is not a true two-phase system.
• German Patent Publication 2056341 discloses an unstable emulsion comprising a water-insoluble organic solvent and an aqueous solution of washing-active ingredients, aralkylsulfonates, phosphates and alkali. The emulsion disintegrates after a few minutes. The disintegration still proceeds too slowly.
• US Patent Specification 1,927,496 relates to a process of cleaning involving the forceful impingement against the surface to be cleaned, of a permanent colloidal suspension of oil in water.
• a small amount of oil namely 1 part of oil per 50 to 150 parts of water, is suspended in the water.
• the suspension has a permanent character.
• the invention relates to a method for the cleaning, washing, degreasing, deoiling, removal of swarf or of pigments of an object which comprises bringing the object into contact with a suspension, characterised in that the suspension comprises a true two-phase system, the two phases existing in finely divided form next to each other and comprising a water-immiscible organic solvent and water in ratio of from 9:1 to 1:9, in the absence of a surface tension lowering agent and in the absence of a substance increasing the alkalinity, and subsequently separating the object from the two-phase system, and allowing the two-phase system to separate in contaminated organic solvent and water.
• the two-phase system may be defined as a true two-phase system with the two phases being immiscible with each other, which further exist in finely divided form next to each other (in a dispersed form) and are maintained in this form by mechanical force generally.
• the phases Since the two phases exert their working in the dispersed form, the phases should be maintained at least during a certain time in that form. Later the system may disintegrate after it has exerted its action on the surface of an object.
• the composition may comprise water from different sources, like tap-water, distilled water or desalted water. But fluoridated water will be of no hindrance.
• the phases stay apart by virtue of their immiscibility and on hitting the surface of the object the phases exert a stress tension on the dirt layer according to their original surface tension, namely the water droplets at 73 dynes/cm (mN/sec) and the hydrocarbon droplets at about 25 dynes/cm (mN/sec). This helps enormously to remove thick layers (particularly pigment layers) in a short time.
• the two phase system disintegrates very quickly, generally within about half a minute, and spontaneously and the separate phases may be used again in the cleaning process.
• the water-immiscible organic solvent preferably is a mixture of a non-aromatic hydrocarbon and a minor amount of an alkylated aromatic containing at least one alkyl group of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
• the organic solvent contains from 85 to 98 parts by weight of a non-aromatic hydrocarbon liquid having an atmospheric initial boiling point of at least 150 °C, and from 2 to 15 parts by weight of at least one alkylated aromatic containing at least one alkyl group with from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
• the alkylated aromatics include alkylated xylenes, toluenes and benzenes.
• alkylbenzenes in particular benzenes containing one linear alkyl group with from 8 to 18, preferably from 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
• benzenes containing one linear alkyl group with from 8 to 18, preferably from 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
• Such pure alkylbenzenes are rather expensive. Therefore it is cheaper and more feasible to employ mixtures of alkylbenzenes. Further it is often advantageous to use such mixtures since due to their different structures the alkylbenzenes show slightly different solubilizing properties.
• the non-aromatic hydrocarbon liquid includes aliphatic and/or cyclo-aliphatic compounds. Saturated hydrocarbons are substantially non-toxic and are therefore very suitable.
• the non-aromatic hydrocarbon liquid has an atmospheric initial boiling point of preferably at least 150 °C. Therefore, the mixture will have a rather high flash point. This is desirable for then it is possible to safely use the mixture even on warm equipment.
• the flash point of the mixture is at least 55 °C. (The flash point can be determined e.g. by the well-known Abel-Pensky Closed Cup method).
• the end boiling point of the non-aromatic hydrocarbon liquid is suitably below 320 °C, preferably the boiling range is from 180 °C to 280 °C.
• the water-immiscible organic solvent and the water should be intimately mixed, so that the one fluid is dispersed into the other.
• the volume ratios of the amounts of organic solvent and water may vary from 9:1 to 1:9, more preferably from 3:1 to 1:3.
• the nozzle to be employed in the process according to the invention may be of any kind, e.g. as used in the well known preparation of polyurethanes.
• the object to be cleaned can be simply hung in a reservoir, a stream of the two-phase system just prepared, is directed to the object and exerts its cleaning action, whereafter two-phase system disintegrates and forms two layers in the reservoir. After tapping off both layers from the reservoir the components can be used again.
• Another method consists of immersing the object to be cleaned in a reservoir while the two phases are put in the reservoir.
• Ultrasonic vibration is generated in the fluid of the reservoir by suitable means, e.g. placed on the inner walls of the reservoir.
• the two phases are hereby intimately mixed at a place where the object is hung.
• the two-phase system disintegrates.
• the object is taken away from the reservoir and rinsed.
• the reservoir can be used several times.
• the process according to the invention may be carried out at a temperature ranging from 10 °C to 80 °C, preferably from 20 °C to 60 °C.
• the two-phase system was a dispersed mixture of the two phases, obtained by an intimate mixing procedure in nozzles or via ultrasonic waves.
• Shell UKR A 151 consisted of a mixture of 93% vol. "Shellsol D60” (an aliphatic hydrocarbon with initial boiling point of 180-190 °C and an end boiling point of 200-220 °C) and of 7% vol. "Dobane 45” (a mixture of linear alkylbenzenes with mainly C14 and C15 alkyl groups).

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=10636489

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (5)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 1988
  • 1988-05-06 GB GB888810799A patent/GB8810799D0/en active Pending
• 1989
  • 1989-04-24 CA CA000597557A patent/CA1339444C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-04-28 EP EP89201123A patent/EP0340871B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-04-28 ES ES89201123T patent/ES2051984T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-04-28 DE DE68913799T patent/DE68913799T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-05-02 JP JP1112260A patent/JP2832454B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-05-02 KR KR1019890005929A patent/KR970000195B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation

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