EP0334262B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour l'élargissement de tunnels - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour l'élargissement de tunnels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0334262B1
EP0334262B1 EP89104960A EP89104960A EP0334262B1 EP 0334262 B1 EP0334262 B1 EP 0334262B1 EP 89104960 A EP89104960 A EP 89104960A EP 89104960 A EP89104960 A EP 89104960A EP 0334262 B1 EP0334262 B1 EP 0334262B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tunnel
lining
final
section
portal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89104960A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0334262A1 (fr
Inventor
Antonio Volpe
Bruno Casagrande
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ing Giovanni Rodio & C Impresa Costruzioni Speciali SpA
Original Assignee
Ing Giovanni Rodio & C Impresa Costruzioni Speciali SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Ing Giovanni Rodio & C Impresa Costruzioni Speciali SpA filed Critical Ing Giovanni Rodio & C Impresa Costruzioni Speciali SpA
Priority to AT89104960T priority Critical patent/ATE100176T1/de
Publication of EP0334262A1 publication Critical patent/EP0334262A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0334262B1 publication Critical patent/EP0334262B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/003—Linings or provisions thereon, specially adapted for traffic tunnels, e.g. with built-in cleaning devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/01—Methods or apparatus for enlarging or restoring the cross-section of tunnels, e.g. by restoring the floor to its original level

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for enlarging existing tunnels while maintaining services; it refers in particular, but not exclusively, to railway tunnels.
  • Tunnels are particularly critical points in the expansion of road and rail networks. Tunnels are obligatory sections in which the work is of necessity carried out in confined spaces, without the possibility of acceptable traffic diversions, and with technical problems associated with the nature of the soil in which the expansion excavation is being carried out.
  • FR-A- 2 230 806 discloses a process for rebuilding the vault of an existing tunnel.
  • the vault is first pre-cut and supported by a portal with inflatable supporting means until it is demolished and removed. Train passage within the tunnel is protected by a shield.
  • This process also provides a further shield to support the ground above the removed old vault.
  • no actual enlargement of the tunnel is carried out because of the risks of the ground collapsing.
  • this process is implementable only in grounds made of competent rocks, throughout the whole tunnel length which is a situation seldom met in actual operations.
  • the aim of the present invention to present a method and apparatus for enlarging tunnels, which are without the inconveniences and drawbacks outlined above, and in particular, permit the continuation of services during enlarging operations.
  • a further aim of the present invention is to present a method of the kind indicated above in which it is possible to use various kinds of consolidation and excavation, so that the basic equipment can be better used for the variety of soil encountered in the different tunnels.
  • Fig 1 shows a typical case for enlargement, in which an existing railway tunnel, shown by the reference number 1 and with a vault 2, is to be enlarged upwards (e.g. to allow the line to be electrified) to the dimensions of the tunnel 3, with a higher vault 4.
  • Figs 2 and 3 show partial cross and side sections of the tunnel being enlarged by a mechanical pre-cut excavation method known as the Premill (registered trade mark) method which is particularly useful in many, clay or soft-cohesive grounds.
  • the Premill registered trade mark
  • an advance cut 17 is made along the extrados 3 of the section of the final enlarged tunnel, with a mechanical cutter driven by the mechanical head mounted on the self-propelled portal 8. The shape and length of the cut is determined in advance.
  • the cutter 7 with its blade 6 is moved along a rack 9 (Fig 2) supported by the structure 8 and following the final profile of the enlarged tunnel section.
  • the portal structure 8 which is also of similar dimensions of the final tunnel profile, permits the passage of trains 5 underneath; to ensure greater protection for trains and other vehicles in transit under the portal or portals while carrying out the aforementioned operations, the present invention provides for the presence of a protective vault or shield 60 either fixed or mobile inside the original tunnel 1, i.e. under the portal structure 8.
  • the shield 60 is installed at least in that section of the tunnel involved in the enlarging operation, i.e. the section between the old lining 1 in advance of the pre-cut 17 and the newly lined enlarged section 19.
  • the shield cross-section is high and wide enough to allow the unhindered passage of through traffic.
  • the present invention thus allows the consolidation and lining operation to be carried out without interruption of the services through the tunnel.
  • the portal structure 8 rests on the tunnel floor on two series of supports which can be raised in turn and moved longitudinally, so as to advance self-propelled inside the tunnel, keeping up with the consolidation and/or pre-lining operations.
  • the cutter 7 can move on longerons (not shown) to allow the insertion of the blade 6 into the excavation face, after which the cutter is moved along the rack 9 to make the cut 17 along the entire extrados 3.
  • the pre-cut 17 When the pre-cut 17 has been made, it is filled by injecting concrete (spritz-beton) to form a protective lining 20 shown in Figs 2 and 3.
  • a stabilized shell is obtained which is external to the final lining 16 and which has the purpose of withstanding the pressure of the soil and providing better operating conditions for the excavation of the soil underneath, until the definitive lining 16 is cased.
  • the shell is reinforced with ribs 18, shown in Fig 3, installed corresponding to the individual lengths of pre-lining 20.
  • the consolidation and pre-lining can be carried out by other means, e.g. by the method known as infiltration, or the injection of concrete mixture (jet-grouting).
  • the operation is carried out by a unit with interchangeable heads (e.g. for cutting, boring, injection, or jet-grouting) which is mounted on a mobile fitting on the portal structure in a way similar to that described for Figs 2 and 3.
  • interchangeable heads e.g. for cutting, boring, injection, or jet-grouting
  • the cutter 7 and the aforementioned replaceble heads are interchangeable on the same portal 8.
  • Fig 4 shows schematically the application of the aforementioned consolidation methods, where a tool 51, moving along a portal can create a series of cylindrical consolidation elements 50.
  • the consolidation elements thus obtained are also shown in the following Fig 5, which shows a train 5 passing through the enlarged tunnel, with the final lining 16 in place, together with any pre-lining 20A applied by methods already known, similar or different to those used in applying the pre-lining 20 of Figs 2 and 3.
  • the excavation and demolition of the old lining and the excavation of the surrounding ground can be accomplished in various ways.
  • the shield must be mobile to allow access from underneath to the old lining for its excavation and removal; in fact one spoil wagon 22 runs on the train rails 21, carrying a hopper or upper spoil collector 23 which extends across the full width of the original tunnel between the direct bearings 30 and 31.
  • the hopper is so shaped that, as can be seen in Fig 5, as it advances, it leaves behind it the direct bearings which can be excavated later. In this way debris 24 resulting from the demolition of the old vault lining 1 is prevented from falling on the floor of the tunnel, which remains clean, so that the rails remain perfectly serviceable.
  • the excavation and demolition in this phase can be by any method which is consistent with the type of soil and the safety regulations; the excavation equipment has not been shown.
  • Fig 7 is shown the demolition of the direct bearings 30, 31, carried out by the use of at least one wagon 26 which moves on the wheels 29 and is fitted with a container 25 for the loading and transport of the spoil to the outside of the tunnel.
  • the wagon 26 is equipped with one or, where necessary, two articulated digging arms 27, 28 fitted with buckets for digging and removing the spoil to the container 25.
  • the shield is then returned to its protecting position, and the wagons 22 and 26 are shunted to a siding outside the tunnel mouth; thus the tunnel remains in service for trains and other vehicles.
  • Figs 8 to 11 show the operating method in practice when the protective shield is continuously in place while the tunnel is being enlarged.
  • the shield itself is installed, preferably on service rails 62 laid at the side of the rails 21, and is made steadfast e.g. by means jacks 66 against the inside of the lining 68 of the old tunnel (Fig 9).
  • the length of the shield may vary, but will be such to ensure the completion of work on any section of the tunnel without exposing the train or the zone of passage of the same.
  • the apparatus in this case consists of a vault or portal structure 8 fitted with bracing to strengthen it.
  • an external rack on which moves a tool-carrying carriage 54 which can be moved by a system of geared motors/pinions from one end of the rack to the other, faithfully following the profile of the enlarged tunnel.
  • a sled 72 mounted on rails that can be inclined from the horizontal, thus allowing the cutter blade to make inclined cuts 17 along the extrados 3 of the tunnel or, replacing the cutter head with the appropriate tool, allowing consolidation by either the infiltration, innjection or jet-grouting method.
  • the sled can be moved horizontally to allow the tool head to be inserted in the withdrawn from the excavation face.
  • the entire apparatus is preferably located close to a standard service portal 88'for either normal maintenance operations or simply for the exchange of the machine head with one of those housed inside the portal 88 itself.
  • the service portal is used for the transport and storage of the vault reinforcing ribs 18, thus facilitating the installation of the same.
  • more than one service portal is provided, each of said service portals being used for such operations as the installation of a temporary lining, of a waterproof lining or of the final lining.
  • Both the face portal and the service portals are preferably self moving by means of motorized walking beams fitted with anchors and stabilizers activated during the operational phase.
  • service ducts and passageways can be provided above the protective shield for the electrical supply 78, removal of expired air 80 and for pumping concrete, compressed air and water 82. Spoil dug by the mechanical arms 55 can be removed by conveyor belts 100.
  • the tunnel takes the shape shown in Fig 11, in which is shown the final lining 16, spaced from the protective barriers 96 which separates the railway for the train 5 from the passageways for the excavated material being removed by the conveyor belt 100, the dumpers 98 or decauville wagons (not shown).
  • the remaining figures 12 - 16 show three possible solutions for stabilizing a tunnel without any existing inverted arch, or when the existing inverted arch cannot be used or has to be improved.
  • Figs 12 - 14 show schematically three phases of construction of an inverted arch, working under the railway.
  • the excavation is carried out using a pair of cutters 56 similar to those used in the aforementioned Premill (Registered trade mark) method, mounted laterally on the portal 8. After the excavation has been completed, the final lining is put in place (fig. 13).
  • the train rail 21 are provided with adequate support such as the beams 57 (Fig 14). In Fig 13 the final appearance of the tunnel is shown.
  • struts 35 (Fig 15), either casted, or consisted of prefabricated concrete beams or metal girders.
  • a direct bearing subfoundation 49 may be laid and/or the ground may be consolidated by pile-driving or jet-grouting, to perform the function of the inverted arch (fig 19).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé pour l'élargissement de tunnels existants en service, par démolition et reconstruction de parties successives du tunnel, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
       préparation d'une structure en portail (8) ayant un profil sensiblement conforme au profil du tunnel élargi final et comportant un chariot d'outil (54) déplaçable le long de moyens de guidage sur ladite structure en portail (8) ;
       installation d'un bouclier de protection (60) dans le tunnel d'origine, pour protéger le trafic traversant au moins dans la partie du tunnel concernée par les opérations d'élargissement ;
    caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre les étapes de :
       création d'une enveloppe de consolidation (20, 50) suivant un profil qui correspond sensiblement à l'extrados (3) de la section transversale finale du tunnel ;
       démolition de l'ancien revêtement (1) et excavation de la couche de recouvrement, jusqu'au niveau de l'enveloppe de consolidation (20,50) ; et
       revêtement du tunnel élargi, par coulée d'un revêtement en béton (16) sur ladite enveloppe de consolidation (20,50).
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite enveloppe de consolidation (20,50) est formée sur une partie du tunnel qui précède immédiatement la partie déjà soumise à la démolition, et en ce que le revêtement final (16) est appliqué à une partie qui suit celle qui a été soumise à la démolition.
  3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la création de ladite enveloppe de consolidation (20,50) consiste également dans la construction, par élément ou section, d'une arche inversée et/ou dans des opérations de reprise en sous-oeuvre (49) et de consolidation des appuis directs (30,31) dudit tunnel.
  4. Procédé suivant une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la création de l'enveloppe de consolidation (20,50) et le revêtement final (16) sont effectués par des outils se déplaçant le long d'un ou plusieurs guidages ou rails supportés par une structure en portail (8), lesdits rails et ladite structure en portail (8) étant configurés en conformité au profil du tunnel agrandi final.
  5. Procédé suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la structure en portail (8) et les guidages sont prévus pour avancer pas à pas entre la face d'excavation et la face de revêtement final.
  6. Procédé suivant une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la création de l'enveloppe de consolidation (20,50) est effectuée par exécution d'une taille d'avancement (17), en partant de la face d'excavation (53) du tunnel, le long de l'extrados (3) de la partie finale du tunnel élargi, ladite taille (17) étant ensuite remplie de béton pour former ladite enveloppe de consolidation (20) de la voûte.
  7. Procédé suivant une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la création de l'enveloppe de consolidation (50) est effectuée par une des techniques appelées infiltration, injection ou cimentage au jet.
  8. Procédé suivant la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce qu'une enveloppe de consolidation (20, 50) chevauche la suivante sur une distance adéquate.
  9. Procédé suivant une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de démolition est effectuée au moyen d'au moins un premier wagon (22) se déplaçant le long du tunnel et comportant une trémie de collecte de matériaux (23) aussi large que le tunnel d'origine, au-dessus de la hauteur des appuis directs (30,31), et au moins un deuxième wagon similaire (26) comportant au moins un bras d'excavation (27,28) et un conteneur de gravats (25).
  10. Procédé suivant une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de démolition est effectuée au moyen de bras mécaniquement articulés et d'outils (55) supportés et actionnés par au moins une structure en portail (8) travaillant entre l'extrados du bouclier de protection (60) et l'intrados de la zone consolidée.
  11. Procédé suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'évacuation des gravats de l'étape de démolition est effectuée au moyen d'engins d'évacuation (98) et/ou de wagons Decauville et/ou de bandes transporteuses (100), fonctionnant en dehors du bouclier de protection (60).
  12. Procédé suivant une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite étape de revêtement est effectuée au moyen d'une pluralité de structures en portail (88), lesdites structures (88) portant l'équipement pour l'exécution de l'étanchéité à l'eau et du revêtement final du tunnel.
  13. Appareil pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant :
       une première structure en forme de portail (8) comportant un guidage ou un rail pour au moins un chariot d'outil (54), au moins une autre structure en forme de portail (88) pour les services, et
       au moins un bouclier de protection (60) sous la forme d'une structure fixe ou mobile à l'intérieur du revêtement (68) du tunnel d'origine, au moins dans la zone concernée par l'opération d'élargissement, pour permettre le passage non gêné du trafic lorsque l'appareil est en place,
    caractérisé en ce que :
       ledit chariot d'outil (54) comprend un coulisseau horizontalement mobile (72), une pluralité de têtes d'outil étant montables de façon interchangeable sur le dit coulisseau (72).
  14. Appareil suivant la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le chariot d'outil (54) est équipé d'un mécanisme à pignon et crémaillère pour effectuer sa translation le long dudit guidage, d'un dispositif de vérin hydraulique pour régler son inclinaison, et d'un mécanisme à pignon et crémaillère pour effectuer une translation longitudinale de l'outil monté sur ledit chariot (54), en vue du remplacement de l'outil lui-même.
EP89104960A 1988-03-24 1989-03-20 Procédé et dispositif pour l'élargissement de tunnels Expired - Lifetime EP0334262B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89104960T ATE100176T1 (de) 1988-03-24 1989-03-20 Verfahren und geraet zum erweitern von tunneln.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT8819921A IT1225765B (it) 1988-03-24 1988-03-24 Procedimento ed attrezzatura per allargare gallerie.
IT1992188 1988-03-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0334262A1 EP0334262A1 (fr) 1989-09-27
EP0334262B1 true EP0334262B1 (fr) 1994-01-12

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89104960A Expired - Lifetime EP0334262B1 (fr) 1988-03-24 1989-03-20 Procédé et dispositif pour l'élargissement de tunnels

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0334262B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01315586A (fr)
AT (1) ATE100176T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE68912167T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2049769T3 (fr)
IT (1) IT1225765B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102121385A (zh) * 2011-03-18 2011-07-13 同济大学 一种既有单洞隧道扩建为双联拱隧道的隧道开挖方法
DE102019129543A1 (de) * 2019-10-31 2021-05-06 Max Bögl Stiftung & Co. Kg Vorrichtung zum Aufweiten und Auskleiden eines Verkehrstunnels mit einer eine Einhausung überfahrenden Erektoreinheit

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IT1234182B (it) * 1989-03-03 1992-05-05 Casagrande Spa Processo di scavo dell'arco rovescio in gallerie esistenti e apparecchiatura adottante tale processo.
NL9301988A (nl) * 1993-11-17 1995-06-16 Int Dome Systems Cyprus Ltd Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een tunnelvormige kap of scherm over een verkeerstrajekt, zoals een autoweg of spoorbaan.
IT1280890B1 (it) * 1995-08-02 1998-02-11 Trevi Spa Apparecchiatura e metodo di scavo per realizzare la base di una galleria.
IT1297270B1 (it) 1997-06-25 1999-08-09 Rocksoil S P A Procedimento costruttivo per l'allargamento di gallerie stradali, autostradali o ferroviarie,senza interrompere il traffico
KR100446543B1 (ko) * 2001-11-23 2004-09-01 구영숙 터널 확장 시공방법
AT500950B8 (de) * 2004-08-24 2007-02-15 Rte Technologie Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung einer tunnelfahrbahn für schienenfahrzeuge
DE102006044733C5 (de) * 2006-09-20 2013-03-28 Gta Maschinensysteme Gmbh Mobile Einhausung mit Vortriebsaggregaten
DE102007014104B4 (de) 2007-03-21 2010-05-06 Herrenknecht Ag Verfahren zum Aufweiten eines Tunnels und Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens
CN102094656B (zh) * 2010-12-01 2012-10-31 中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院 一种避免钢衬开孔的灌浆方法
ITTO20110316A1 (it) * 2011-04-07 2012-10-08 Soilmec Spa Attrezzatura per l'allargamento di gallerie in presenza di traffico.
DE102011122578B4 (de) * 2011-12-29 2014-08-21 Herrenknecht Ag Vorrichtung zum Aufweiten eines Tunnels und Verfahren zum Aufweiten eines Tunnels
CN102937024B (zh) * 2012-11-13 2016-01-27 金诚信矿业管理股份有限公司 一种防水闸门硐室的掘砌方法
CN103276706B (zh) * 2013-06-06 2015-09-30 中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院 引水隧洞斜井段防渗结构的施工方法
CN103573270A (zh) * 2013-08-02 2014-02-12 石家庄铁道大学 一种tbm弧形顶护盾及利用该顶护盾进行围岩支护的方法
CN105587324B (zh) * 2015-12-29 2017-11-24 中铁五局集团有限公司 扩挖隧道洞口段钢格栅支护断面的施工方法
WO2018153926A1 (fr) * 2017-02-21 2018-08-30 Deutsche Bahn Ag Procédé et dispositif d'élargissement servant à étendre de manière mécanique un tunnel d'une ligne de chemin de fer comprenant au moins une voie ferrée depuis un premier profil de section transversale ancien sur un deuxième nouveau profil de section transversale
EP3486428B1 (fr) * 2017-11-20 2022-09-28 Marti Technik AG Dispositif d'élargissement d'un tunnel
CN109723455B (zh) * 2019-03-06 2024-03-08 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 隧道病害作业单元快换系统
CN110107304A (zh) * 2019-05-20 2019-08-09 三明学院 一种盾构始发或接受井井壁局部frp筋支护方法
CN110593893B (zh) * 2019-11-01 2024-04-12 中建八局轨道交通建设有限公司 正线隧道与施工横通道交叉处主体结构施工方法及其系统
CN114086992B (zh) * 2021-11-18 2024-05-03 中铁二院重庆勘察设计研究院有限责任公司 一种复杂地质条件大跨隧道扩挖施工方法

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FR2230806A1 (en) * 1973-05-23 1974-12-20 Buffet Paul Three track railway tunnel relining system - canopy is erected over central track, allowing this to remain in use
FR2305583B1 (fr) * 1975-03-24 1985-11-08 Perforex Machine de havage propre a l'execution de saignee courbe
DE2747975C3 (de) * 1977-10-26 1980-11-27 Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen Vorrichtung zum Durchbauen von Strecken, insbesondere im Bergbau

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102121385A (zh) * 2011-03-18 2011-07-13 同济大学 一种既有单洞隧道扩建为双联拱隧道的隧道开挖方法
CN102121385B (zh) * 2011-03-18 2012-12-05 同济大学 一种既有单洞隧道扩建为双联拱隧道的隧道开挖方法
DE102019129543A1 (de) * 2019-10-31 2021-05-06 Max Bögl Stiftung & Co. Kg Vorrichtung zum Aufweiten und Auskleiden eines Verkehrstunnels mit einer eine Einhausung überfahrenden Erektoreinheit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH01315586A (ja) 1989-12-20
ATE100176T1 (de) 1994-01-15
IT1225765B (it) 1990-11-26
IT8819921A0 (it) 1988-03-24
DE68912167D1 (de) 1994-02-24
EP0334262A1 (fr) 1989-09-27
DE68912167T2 (de) 1994-07-07
ES2049769T3 (es) 1994-05-01

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