EP0385233B1 - Procédé et appareil d'excavation du fond de tunnel dans des tunnels existants - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil d'excavation du fond de tunnel dans des tunnels existants Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0385233B1
EP0385233B1 EP90103224A EP90103224A EP0385233B1 EP 0385233 B1 EP0385233 B1 EP 0385233B1 EP 90103224 A EP90103224 A EP 90103224A EP 90103224 A EP90103224 A EP 90103224A EP 0385233 B1 EP0385233 B1 EP 0385233B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
excavation
inverted arch
tracks
debris
tunnels
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90103224A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0385233A2 (fr
EP0385233A3 (en
Inventor
Bruno Casagrande
Renato Fiorotto
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Casagrande SpA
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Casagrande SpA
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Publication of EP0385233A2 publication Critical patent/EP0385233A2/fr
Publication of EP0385233A3 publication Critical patent/EP0385233A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0385233B1 publication Critical patent/EP0385233B1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B27/00—Placing, renewing, working, cleaning, or taking-up the ballast, with or without concurrent work on the track; Devices therefor; Packing sleepers
    • E01B27/02—Placing the ballast; Making ballastway; Redistributing ballasting material; Machines or devices therefor; Levelling means
    • E01B27/021—Placing the ballast; Making ballastway; Redistributing ballasting material; Machines or devices therefor; Levelling means by devices moving underneath the track, e.g. ballast sleighs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/01—Methods or apparatus for enlarging or restoring the cross-section of tunnels, e.g. by restoring the floor to its original level

Definitions

  • This invention concerns a process to excavate the inverted lower arch in existing tunnels. To be more exact, this invention concerns a process suitable for the excavation and restoration of the inverted lower arch in existing tunnels without interrupting the flow of vehicles normally passing along the tunnels where work is to be done.
  • the process of the invention is generally employed equally well in work to enlarge existing tunnels or only repair the existing inverted arch.
  • the process may also be employed for the excavation and preparation of a new inverted arch in existing tunnels.
  • the invention concerns also the apparatus which is used in said process.
  • the state of the art covers the problems connected with the excavation and rehabilitation of the inverted lower arch in existing tunnels. These problems arise substantially from the need to interrupt any flow of vehicles within the tunnels until the excavation and rehabilitation work has been completed.
  • the outcome can be summed up as involving long times for design work and approval of the new plans, the necessity of expropriation of land, environmental problems and the unavoidable performance of new works upstream and downstream for the necessary rectification of the lay-out.
  • Document EP-A-O 334 262 discloses a method and an apparatus for enlarging existing tunnels, in particular railroad tunnels. The method provides for the use of a protection shield within of which traffic is caused to flow.
  • the apparatus is provided with means for excavating the inverted arch, said means being constituted by a pair of cutters which operate in a direction which is defined by a circle arc, each of said cutters being pivotable about an axis disposed aside of a rail.
  • the rails are supported by beams which are disposed beneath of them.
  • Document FR-A-2 230 806 discloses an apparatus which is suitable for re-building vaults of railroad tunnels. Said document does not disclose any means for excavating the inverted arch of the tunnel.
  • Document GB-A-974 816 discloses an apparatus for lowering the pavimentations of mine railroads, comprising an excavating machine which advances on the rails and which is provided with cutters extending beneath the rails for excavating the underlying ground. This machine is not suitable for being used in road and/or railway tunnels which should be kept open to traffic.
  • Document DE-A-2 742 078 discloses a machine which is suitable for lowering the roadway in mines, said machine being provided with a roll cutter and with a conveyor for moving away debris. Also this machine may pratically be not applied for excavating the inverted arch in road and/or railroad tunnels open to traffic.
  • Document DE-A-3 623 641 discloses a device for distributing and for levelling a material beneath railroad rails, said device being provided with means for raising the rails and with a spiral-shaped distributing roll disposed beneath the rails. Also this device is not suitable for excavating the inverted arch in existing tunnels.
  • the present application has the purpose of overcoming the problems linked to the state of the art and of providing a process for carrying out the excavation and rehabilitation, or excavation and preparation, of the inverted arch in existing tunnels without interrupting the flow of vehicles passing into the tunnels, said process allowing the excavation and preparation time of the inverted arch to be considerably reduced.
  • a further purpose of the invention is to provide an apparatus for carrying out said process.
  • the process of the invention provides for the use, within an existing tunnel, of a protective shield through which the traffic is made to pass.
  • This protective shield forms part of the state of the art.
  • the shield can stretch along the whole length of the tunnel or be restricted to the portion substantially affected by the works.
  • This portion in the case of a railway line, to which we shall refer in the description that follows, is suitably supported to enable trains to pass through while work is proceeding below it.
  • the support structures are suitable prepared on each occasion downstream of the portions on which work is being carried on, according to methods belonging to the state of the art.
  • the excavation works on the inverted arch are conducted with an apparatus which passes along the tunnel and is positioned between the protective shield and the inner wall of the tunnel.
  • This apparatus carries out the following works continuously for excavation and rehabilitation of an existing inverted arch:
  • the apparatus suitable to carry out the above process consists of a vault-wise structure bearing below itself the equipment to excavate the inverted arch.
  • This excavation equipment works beneath the railway line and comprises a rotary drum excavation tool that extends substantially along the whole width of the inverted arch.
  • this excavation tool carries on continuously the excavation of the inverted arch, the debris of which is removed by means of the excavation tool itself.
  • it comprises incorporated means for removal of debris from the excavated zone so as to transfer the debris onto means for final removal from the tunnel.
  • the excavation tool possesses not only a rotary motion but also a vertical motion so that it can be adjusted to the thickness of the inverted arch to be excavated.
  • Shuttering operates in cooperation with the excavation tool in a coordinated manner in the casting of material to form a new inverted arch in the excavation zone.
  • This shuttering is suitably conformed to constitute a support too for the railway lines above.
  • Auxiliary means may also be comprised to remove excavated material which may not have been collected by the excavation tool.
  • the vault-shaped structure is equipped with lateral excavation means to make channels parallel to the railway line which make possible the free forward movement of the excavation tool and the removal of debris from the tunnel; these lateral excavation means obviously work in advance of the excavation tool.
  • the apparatus of the invention can be included advantageously in a working train carrying out enlargement of existing tunnels; it can work just as well independently if only the repair of an inverted arch is required.
  • Provisional support means 14 to support rails 15, as in the state of the art, are provided in the zone involved in the excavation of an existing inverted arch 13.
  • provisional support means 14 which may consist of bundles of rails or other suitable systems, are positioned in succession along the railway lines 11-111 so as to enable the excavation work to advance continually.
  • the railway consisting of two lines 11-111 is protected by a protective shield 16 within which the trains 12-112 can pass.
  • the protective shield 16 may have a minimum indispensable length equal to the portion of the tunnel 10 involved in the works and may include its own runways 17 positioned on supports 18 arranged at the sides of the railway.
  • the protective shield 16 may also have a length differing from the portion of the tunnel 10 involved and will have overall dimensions suited to that of the trains 12-112 passing through it.
  • the apparatus to excavate the inverted arch 13 consists of a vault-shaped structure 19 able to run within the tunnel 10 on its own runways 20 positioned on supports 18.
  • the vault-shaped structure 19 comprises lateral arms 21 to support excavation equipment 22; these lateral arms 21 can be adjusted vertically, by jacks 23 for instance, so as to adapt the action of the excavation equipment 22 to the thickness of the inverted arch 13.
  • the vertical displacement of the arms 21 can be carried out continuously during the whole excavation work.
  • the excavation equipment 22 consists of a drum 24 capable of being rotated about its own axis according to the arrow 25 by a motor 26, advantageously a hydraulic motor.
  • the drum 24 extends substantially along the whole width of the inverted arch 13 and has an outer conformation suitable to obtain the desired final profile of the inverted arch 13 as an element to complete the circumference of the tunnel 10.
  • the outer conformation of the drum 24 conforms to a double cone.
  • the drum 24, which is hollow within, includes on its outside excavation tools 27, which cooperate with slits 28 made in the periphery of the drum 24 so as to enable the materail excavated to fall within the drum 24. This fall takes place by gravity and the material is held momentarily by vanes 29 suitably arranged inside the drum 24.
  • this discharge means is positioned parallel to the axis of the drum 24 and in this case is a first conveyor belt 30 driven by a motor 31 in the direction of the arrow 32.
  • At least one stationary worm is included within the drum 24 and is arranged in such a way that it skims the inner surface of the drum 24.
  • the excavated material is discharged sideways by the friction caused by the relative movements of the rotary drum and stationary worm. All embodiments provide for discharge of the material on one side or on the opposite side or on both sides.
  • the first conveyor belt 30 emerges laterally from the drum 24 and cooperates with a second conveyor belt 33 that removes the excavated material towards the outlet of the tunnel 10.
  • the second conveyor belt 33 being positioned beneath the plane of the railway lines 11-111, can cooperate conveniently with elements that discharge onto vehicles which carry the material out of the tunnel 10 if there is enough space available.
  • the lateral end portions of the drum 24 and of the first conveyor belt 30 and also the lower ends of the support arms 21 and the second conveyor belt 33 can move in service channels 34 excavated beforehand parallel to and at the sides of the railway. These service channels 34 are obtained advantageously by the action of excavation arms (not shown in the figures) solidly fixed to the vault-shaped structure 19.
  • Shuttering 36 works in cooperation and coordination with the movement of the excavation equipment 22 so as to make possible the casting of material 37 which will form the new inverted arch 113.
  • This shuttering 36 may be conformed advantageously to provide a support for the railway lines 11-111 above; for this purpose it may consist, for instance, of two halves 136-236 which can be coupled together telescopically and actuated by an inner screw 40.
  • a discharge worm screw 41 may be connected advantageously to the shuttering 36 and be suitable for lateral removal of debris not collected by the drum 24.
  • Fig.4 shows the situation in the zone where excavation work on a pre-existing inverted arch 13 takes place.
  • Fig.5 shows the situation after the new inverted arch 113 has been cast, together with the positioning of ballast 38, the arch 113 blending with the inner lining 39 of the tunnel 10.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Claims (24)

1. Procédé pour excaver l'arc inférieur renversé (13) dans des tunnels existants (10), ce procédé étant exécuté sans interrompre le trafic passant dans les tunnels (10), dans lequel des voies (11-111) pour les véhicules passant dans les tunnels sont protégées par un bouclier de protection (16) qui est intercalé entre les voies (11-111) et la paroi intérieure du tunnel (10), les voies (11-111) coopérant temporairement avec des moyens de support (14) dans les parties où l'excavation de l'arc inférieur renversé (13) a lieu, ce procédé comprenant les opérations suivantes qui sont exécutées dans l'espace circulaire compris entre le bouclier de protection (16) et l'extrados du tunnel (10) et en dessous de la partie des voies qui est temporairement supportée par les moyens de support (14) :
a) excavation de l'arc renversé existant (13);
b) enlèvement des débris d'excavation de l'arc renversé (13) de la zone d'excavation;
c) évacuation des débris de toutes les excavations vers l'extérieur du tunnel;
d) coulée d'un nouvel arc renversé (113), caractérisé en ce que l'opération a) est précédée de l'excavation de chenaux de service latéraux (34) parallèles aux voies (11-111), les chenaux (34) étant à même de recevoir des moyens pour évacuer les débris et en ce que les opérations sont exécutées en continu et, selon une succession temporelle prédéterminée, au moyen d'un appareil, suivant la revendication 13, qui est mobile le long du tunnel et qui est pourvu de moyens pour excaver l'arc renversé, de moyens pour évacuer en continu la matière excavée et de moyens convenant pour couler un nouvel arc renversé (113).
2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel l'excavation de l'arc renversé (13) est une opération coordonnée dans un travail d'élargissement de tunnels existants (10).
3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel l'excavation est exécutée en vue de la pose d'un nouvel arc renversé (113).
4. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'excavation de l'arc renversé (13) est effectuée sur un front correspondant à la largeur de l'arc renversé (13) lui-même.
5. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la position pour l'excavation de l'arc renversé (13) peut être modifiée en fonction de son épaisseur.
6. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'enlèvement de la matière excavée de l'arc renversé (13) s'effectue latéralement vers les voies (11-111).
7. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'enlèvement de la matière excavée de l'arc renversé (13) s'effectue en substance en même temps que l'excavation de cet arc.
8. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'enlèvement de la matière excavée de l'arc renversé (13) est effectué par les moyens qui exécutent l'excavation.
9. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel, l'évacuation de la matière excavée de l'arc renversé (13) s'effectue sur un plan situé en dessous des voies (11-111), dans les chenaux de service (34).
10. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel, lorsque les travaux d'excavation de l'arc renversé (13) sont terminés, l'excavation possède une configuration définitive.
11. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'excavation des chenaux de service (34) est effectuée en même temps que l'excavation de l'arc renversé (13), mais dans une position précédant celle-ci.
12. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le coffrage (36) pour la coulée (37) du nouvel arc renversé (113) est utilisé comme support pour les rails de chemin de fer (11-111).
13. Appareil pour excaver l'arc inférieur renversé (13) dans des tunnels existants (10), convenant pour exécuter un procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant :
- une structure en forme de voûte (19) mobile le long de chemins de roulement (20) disposés à l'intérieur du tunnel (10);
- des bras (21) pour supporter un équipement de cavage, ces bras (21) étant reliés à la structure en forme de voûte (19);
- des moyens (22) pour excaver l'arc renversé, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend, en outre, des moyens pour excaver des chenaux de service (34) disposés à côté des voies (11-111) qui sont installées dans le tunnel (10), et en ce que les moyens (22) pour excaver l'arc renversé comprennent :
- un tambour rotatif creux (24);
- un moyen (36) pour actionner le tambour (24);
- des outils de cavage (27) reliés au tambour (24);
- des moyens (30) pour enlever les débris, ces moyens (30) étant disposés à l'intérieur du tambour creux (24);
- des moyens (31) pour actionner les moyens d'enlèvement (30).
14. Appareil suivant la revendication 13, dans lequel le tambour rotatif (24) comprend, sur sa périphérie, des fentes (28) qui coopèrent avec les outils de cavage (27).
15. Appareil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 13 et 14 incluse, dans lequel le tambour rotatif (24) comprend des aubes internes (29) destinées à retenir temporairement des débris d'excavation.
16. Appareil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 15 incluse, dans lequel les moyens d'enlèvement des débris (30) sont installés dans le tambour rotatif (24).
17. Appareil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 16 incluse, dans lequel les moyens d'enlèvement des débris (30) comprennent une bande transporteuse.
18. Appareil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 16 incluse, dans lequel les moyens d'enlèvement des débris (30) comprennent au moins une vis sans fin fixe.
19. Appareil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 18 incluse, dans lequel la longueur du tambour rotatif (24) est coordonnée avec la largeur de l'arc renversé (13) à excaver.
20. Appareil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 19 incluse, qui comprend un coffrage (36) convenant pour couler l'arc renversé, le coffrage (36) formant un support pour les voies (11-111).
21. Appareil suivant la revendication 20, dans lequel le coffrage (36) comporte une structure télescopique (136, 236).
22. Appareil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 20 et 21 incluse, dans lequel le coffrage (36) comprend des moyens d'actionnement du type à vis (40),
23. Appareil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 20 à 22 incluse, dans lequel le coffrage (36) comprend un moyen à vis sans fin latérale (41) pour évacuer les débris d'excavation.
24. Appareil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 23 incluse, dans lequel les bras de support (21) peuvent être ajustés verticalement.
EP90103224A 1989-03-03 1990-02-20 Procédé et appareil d'excavation du fond de tunnel dans des tunnels existants Expired - Lifetime EP0385233B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT8983347A IT1234182B (it) 1989-03-03 1989-03-03 Processo di scavo dell'arco rovescio in gallerie esistenti e apparecchiatura adottante tale processo.
IT8334789 1989-03-03

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0385233A2 EP0385233A2 (fr) 1990-09-05
EP0385233A3 EP0385233A3 (en) 1990-11-28
EP0385233B1 true EP0385233B1 (fr) 1992-04-15

Family

ID=11320512

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90103224A Expired - Lifetime EP0385233B1 (fr) 1989-03-03 1990-02-20 Procédé et appareil d'excavation du fond de tunnel dans des tunnels existants

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0385233B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE74999T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69000064D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0385233T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2031713T3 (fr)
IT (1) IT1234182B (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1280890B1 (it) * 1995-08-02 1998-02-11 Trevi Spa Apparecchiatura e metodo di scavo per realizzare la base di una galleria.
ES2261024B1 (es) * 2004-07-29 2007-09-16 Atros España, S.A. Sistema modular de alta seguridad para soporte provisional de vias ferreas en circulacion durante los trabajos bajo via.

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1182619B (de) * 1960-12-06 1964-12-03 Eickhoff Geb Vorrichtung zum Durchsenken von Strecken
FR2230806A1 (en) * 1973-05-23 1974-12-20 Buffet Paul Three track railway tunnel relining system - canopy is erected over central track, allowing this to remain in use
DE2742078A1 (de) * 1977-09-19 1979-03-29 Ruhrkohle Ag Streckensenkvorrichtung
AT382913B (de) * 1985-07-23 1987-04-27 Wageneder Sbm Gmbh Vorrichtung zum verteilen und planieren koerniger materialien
IT1225765B (it) * 1988-03-24 1990-11-26 Rodio & C Const G Procedimento ed attrezzatura per allargare gallerie.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0385233A2 (fr) 1990-09-05
IT8983347A0 (it) 1989-03-03
ATE74999T1 (de) 1992-05-15
EP0385233A3 (en) 1990-11-28
DE69000064D1 (de) 1992-05-21
IT1234182B (it) 1992-05-05
ES2031713T3 (es) 1992-12-16
DK0385233T3 (da) 1992-06-22

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