EP0334262B1 - Verfahren und Gerät zum Erweitern von Tunneln - Google Patents

Verfahren und Gerät zum Erweitern von Tunneln Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0334262B1
EP0334262B1 EP89104960A EP89104960A EP0334262B1 EP 0334262 B1 EP0334262 B1 EP 0334262B1 EP 89104960 A EP89104960 A EP 89104960A EP 89104960 A EP89104960 A EP 89104960A EP 0334262 B1 EP0334262 B1 EP 0334262B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
tunnel
lining
final
section
portal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89104960A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0334262A1 (de
Inventor
Antonio Volpe
Bruno Casagrande
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Ing Giovanni Rodio & C Impresa Costruzioni Speciali SpA
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Ing Giovanni Rodio & C Impresa Costruzioni Speciali SpA
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Priority to AT89104960T priority Critical patent/ATE100176T1/de
Publication of EP0334262A1 publication Critical patent/EP0334262A1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/003—Linings or provisions thereon, specially adapted for traffic tunnels, e.g. with built-in cleaning devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/01—Methods or apparatus for enlarging or restoring the cross-section of tunnels, e.g. by restoring the floor to its original level

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for enlarging existing tunnels while maintaining services; it refers in particular, but not exclusively, to railway tunnels.
  • Tunnels are particularly critical points in the expansion of road and rail networks. Tunnels are obligatory sections in which the work is of necessity carried out in confined spaces, without the possibility of acceptable traffic diversions, and with technical problems associated with the nature of the soil in which the expansion excavation is being carried out.
  • FR-A- 2 230 806 discloses a process for rebuilding the vault of an existing tunnel.
  • the vault is first pre-cut and supported by a portal with inflatable supporting means until it is demolished and removed. Train passage within the tunnel is protected by a shield.
  • This process also provides a further shield to support the ground above the removed old vault.
  • no actual enlargement of the tunnel is carried out because of the risks of the ground collapsing.
  • this process is implementable only in grounds made of competent rocks, throughout the whole tunnel length which is a situation seldom met in actual operations.
  • the aim of the present invention to present a method and apparatus for enlarging tunnels, which are without the inconveniences and drawbacks outlined above, and in particular, permit the continuation of services during enlarging operations.
  • a further aim of the present invention is to present a method of the kind indicated above in which it is possible to use various kinds of consolidation and excavation, so that the basic equipment can be better used for the variety of soil encountered in the different tunnels.
  • Fig 1 shows a typical case for enlargement, in which an existing railway tunnel, shown by the reference number 1 and with a vault 2, is to be enlarged upwards (e.g. to allow the line to be electrified) to the dimensions of the tunnel 3, with a higher vault 4.
  • Figs 2 and 3 show partial cross and side sections of the tunnel being enlarged by a mechanical pre-cut excavation method known as the Premill (registered trade mark) method which is particularly useful in many, clay or soft-cohesive grounds.
  • the Premill registered trade mark
  • an advance cut 17 is made along the extrados 3 of the section of the final enlarged tunnel, with a mechanical cutter driven by the mechanical head mounted on the self-propelled portal 8. The shape and length of the cut is determined in advance.
  • the cutter 7 with its blade 6 is moved along a rack 9 (Fig 2) supported by the structure 8 and following the final profile of the enlarged tunnel section.
  • the portal structure 8 which is also of similar dimensions of the final tunnel profile, permits the passage of trains 5 underneath; to ensure greater protection for trains and other vehicles in transit under the portal or portals while carrying out the aforementioned operations, the present invention provides for the presence of a protective vault or shield 60 either fixed or mobile inside the original tunnel 1, i.e. under the portal structure 8.
  • the shield 60 is installed at least in that section of the tunnel involved in the enlarging operation, i.e. the section between the old lining 1 in advance of the pre-cut 17 and the newly lined enlarged section 19.
  • the shield cross-section is high and wide enough to allow the unhindered passage of through traffic.
  • the present invention thus allows the consolidation and lining operation to be carried out without interruption of the services through the tunnel.
  • the portal structure 8 rests on the tunnel floor on two series of supports which can be raised in turn and moved longitudinally, so as to advance self-propelled inside the tunnel, keeping up with the consolidation and/or pre-lining operations.
  • the cutter 7 can move on longerons (not shown) to allow the insertion of the blade 6 into the excavation face, after which the cutter is moved along the rack 9 to make the cut 17 along the entire extrados 3.
  • the pre-cut 17 When the pre-cut 17 has been made, it is filled by injecting concrete (spritz-beton) to form a protective lining 20 shown in Figs 2 and 3.
  • a stabilized shell is obtained which is external to the final lining 16 and which has the purpose of withstanding the pressure of the soil and providing better operating conditions for the excavation of the soil underneath, until the definitive lining 16 is cased.
  • the shell is reinforced with ribs 18, shown in Fig 3, installed corresponding to the individual lengths of pre-lining 20.
  • the consolidation and pre-lining can be carried out by other means, e.g. by the method known as infiltration, or the injection of concrete mixture (jet-grouting).
  • the operation is carried out by a unit with interchangeable heads (e.g. for cutting, boring, injection, or jet-grouting) which is mounted on a mobile fitting on the portal structure in a way similar to that described for Figs 2 and 3.
  • interchangeable heads e.g. for cutting, boring, injection, or jet-grouting
  • the cutter 7 and the aforementioned replaceble heads are interchangeable on the same portal 8.
  • Fig 4 shows schematically the application of the aforementioned consolidation methods, where a tool 51, moving along a portal can create a series of cylindrical consolidation elements 50.
  • the consolidation elements thus obtained are also shown in the following Fig 5, which shows a train 5 passing through the enlarged tunnel, with the final lining 16 in place, together with any pre-lining 20A applied by methods already known, similar or different to those used in applying the pre-lining 20 of Figs 2 and 3.
  • the excavation and demolition of the old lining and the excavation of the surrounding ground can be accomplished in various ways.
  • the shield must be mobile to allow access from underneath to the old lining for its excavation and removal; in fact one spoil wagon 22 runs on the train rails 21, carrying a hopper or upper spoil collector 23 which extends across the full width of the original tunnel between the direct bearings 30 and 31.
  • the hopper is so shaped that, as can be seen in Fig 5, as it advances, it leaves behind it the direct bearings which can be excavated later. In this way debris 24 resulting from the demolition of the old vault lining 1 is prevented from falling on the floor of the tunnel, which remains clean, so that the rails remain perfectly serviceable.
  • the excavation and demolition in this phase can be by any method which is consistent with the type of soil and the safety regulations; the excavation equipment has not been shown.
  • Fig 7 is shown the demolition of the direct bearings 30, 31, carried out by the use of at least one wagon 26 which moves on the wheels 29 and is fitted with a container 25 for the loading and transport of the spoil to the outside of the tunnel.
  • the wagon 26 is equipped with one or, where necessary, two articulated digging arms 27, 28 fitted with buckets for digging and removing the spoil to the container 25.
  • the shield is then returned to its protecting position, and the wagons 22 and 26 are shunted to a siding outside the tunnel mouth; thus the tunnel remains in service for trains and other vehicles.
  • Figs 8 to 11 show the operating method in practice when the protective shield is continuously in place while the tunnel is being enlarged.
  • the shield itself is installed, preferably on service rails 62 laid at the side of the rails 21, and is made steadfast e.g. by means jacks 66 against the inside of the lining 68 of the old tunnel (Fig 9).
  • the length of the shield may vary, but will be such to ensure the completion of work on any section of the tunnel without exposing the train or the zone of passage of the same.
  • the apparatus in this case consists of a vault or portal structure 8 fitted with bracing to strengthen it.
  • an external rack on which moves a tool-carrying carriage 54 which can be moved by a system of geared motors/pinions from one end of the rack to the other, faithfully following the profile of the enlarged tunnel.
  • a sled 72 mounted on rails that can be inclined from the horizontal, thus allowing the cutter blade to make inclined cuts 17 along the extrados 3 of the tunnel or, replacing the cutter head with the appropriate tool, allowing consolidation by either the infiltration, innjection or jet-grouting method.
  • the sled can be moved horizontally to allow the tool head to be inserted in the withdrawn from the excavation face.
  • the entire apparatus is preferably located close to a standard service portal 88'for either normal maintenance operations or simply for the exchange of the machine head with one of those housed inside the portal 88 itself.
  • the service portal is used for the transport and storage of the vault reinforcing ribs 18, thus facilitating the installation of the same.
  • more than one service portal is provided, each of said service portals being used for such operations as the installation of a temporary lining, of a waterproof lining or of the final lining.
  • Both the face portal and the service portals are preferably self moving by means of motorized walking beams fitted with anchors and stabilizers activated during the operational phase.
  • service ducts and passageways can be provided above the protective shield for the electrical supply 78, removal of expired air 80 and for pumping concrete, compressed air and water 82. Spoil dug by the mechanical arms 55 can be removed by conveyor belts 100.
  • the tunnel takes the shape shown in Fig 11, in which is shown the final lining 16, spaced from the protective barriers 96 which separates the railway for the train 5 from the passageways for the excavated material being removed by the conveyor belt 100, the dumpers 98 or decauville wagons (not shown).
  • the remaining figures 12 - 16 show three possible solutions for stabilizing a tunnel without any existing inverted arch, or when the existing inverted arch cannot be used or has to be improved.
  • Figs 12 - 14 show schematically three phases of construction of an inverted arch, working under the railway.
  • the excavation is carried out using a pair of cutters 56 similar to those used in the aforementioned Premill (Registered trade mark) method, mounted laterally on the portal 8. After the excavation has been completed, the final lining is put in place (fig. 13).
  • the train rail 21 are provided with adequate support such as the beams 57 (Fig 14). In Fig 13 the final appearance of the tunnel is shown.
  • struts 35 (Fig 15), either casted, or consisted of prefabricated concrete beams or metal girders.
  • a direct bearing subfoundation 49 may be laid and/or the ground may be consolidated by pile-driving or jet-grouting, to perform the function of the inverted arch (fig 19).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Verfahren zum Erweitern von bestehenden, im Betrieb befindlichen Tunnels durch Abreißen und Wiederaufbauen von aufeinanderfolgenden Tunnelabschnitten, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte aufweist:
    - Vorbereiten einer Portalkonstruktion (8), die ein Profil hat, das an das endgültige erweiterte Tunnel-profil im wesentlichen angepaßt ist, und die mit einem Werkzeugwagen (54) versehen ist, der längs Führungseinrichtungen an der Portalkonstruktion (8) beweglich ist;
    - Installieren eines Schutzschilds (60) innerhalb des ursprünglichen Tunnels, um den Durchgangsverkehr zumindest in dem Abschnitt des Tunnels zu schützen, der von den Erweiterungsarbeiten betroffen ist;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß es ferner die folgenden Schritte aufweist:
    - Bilden eines Konsolidierungsmantels (20, 50) auf einem Profil, das im wesentlichen der äußeren Gewölbefläche (3) des endgültigen Querschnitts des Tunnels entspricht;
    - Abreißen der alten Auskleidung (1) und Aufgraben der darüberliegenden Abdeckung bis zu dem Niveau des Konsolidierungsmantels (20, 50);
    - Auskleiden des erweiterten Tunnels durch Gießen einer Betonauskleidung (16) auf den Konsolidierungsmantel (20, 50).
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Konsolidierungsmantel (20, 50) auf einem Abschnitt des Tunnels gebildet wird, der demjenigen unmittelbar vorausgeht, der bereits dem Abriß unterliegt, und daß die Endauskleidung (16) auf einen Abschnitt aufgebracht wird, der demjenigen folgt, der dem Abriß unterliegt.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß das Bilden des Konsolidierungsmantels (20, 50) außerdem aus der probe- oder abschnittweisen Konstruktion eines Gegenbogens und/oder dem Einbringen von Unterfundamenten (49) und der Konsolidierung der direkten Auflager (30, 31) des Tunnels besteht.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß das Bilden des Konsolidierungsmantels (20, 50) und der Endauskleidung (16) mit Werkzeugen bewirkt wird, die sich entlang von einer oder mehreren Führungen oder Gestellen bewegen, die von einer Portalkonstruktion (8) abgestützt sind, wobei die Gestelle und das Portal (8) so ausgebildet sind, daß sie an das endgültige erweiterte Tunnelprofil angepaßt sind.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Portalkonstruktion (8) und die Führung zwischen der Ausbruchfront und der Endauskleidungsfläche schrittweise vorgetrieben werden.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß das Bilden des Konsolidierungsmantels (20, 50) durch Herstellen eines Vortriebseinschnitts (17), ausgehend von der Ausbruchfront (53) des Tunnels entlang der äußeren Gewölbefläche (3) des endgültigen Profils des erweiterten Tunnels durchgeführt wird, wobei der Einschnitt (17) anschließend mit Beton verfüllt wird, um den Konsolidierungsmantel (20) für das Gewölbe zu bilden.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß das Bilden des Konsolidierungsmantels (50) durch eine der Techniken erfolgt, die als Infiltration, Injektion oder Strahlinjektion bekannt sind.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß ein Konsolidierungsmantel (20, 50) den nachfolgenden um eine angemessene Strecke überlappt.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Abrißschritt ausgeführt wird mit mindestens einem ersten Förderwagen (22), der sich längs des Tunnels bewegt und einen Materialsammeltrichter (23) hat, der so breit wie der ursprüngliche Tunnel über der Höhe der direkten Auflager (30, 31) ist, und mit mindestens einem ähnlichen zweiten Förderwagen (26), der mit mindestens einem Grabarm (27, 28) und einem Aushubbehälter (25) versehen ist.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    gekennzeichnet durch
    das Ausführen des Abrißschritts mit mechanisch angelenkten Armen und Werkzeugen (55), die von mindestens einer Portalkonstruktion (8) abgestützt und betätigt werden, die zwischen der äußeren Gewölbefläche des Schutzschilds (60) und der inneren Gewölbefläche der konsolidierten Zone in Betrieb ist.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10,
    gekennzeichnet durch
    das Entfernen des Aushubs aus dem Abrißschritt mit Wagenkippern (98) und/oder Decauville-Förderwagen und/oder Förderbändern (100), die außerhalb des Schutzschilds (60) in Betrieb sind.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    gekennzeichnet durch
    das Ausführen des Auskleidungsschritts mit einer Vielzahl von Portalkonstruktionen (88), wobei die Konstruktionen (88) Einrichtungen zum Wasserdichtmachen und Endauskleiden des Tunnels tragen.
  13. Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die folgendes aufweist:
    eine erste Portalkonstruktion (8), die mit einer Führung oder einem Gestell für mindestens einen Werkzeugwagen (54) versehen ist,
    mindestens eine weitere Service-Portalkonstruktion (88) und mindestens einen Schutzschild (60), der als feste oder mobile Konstruktion in der ursprünglichen Tunnelauskleidung (68) zumindest in dem Bereich aufgestellt ist, der von der Erweiterungsarbeit betroffen ist, um einen ungehinderten Verkehrsfluß zu gestatten, wenn die Vorrichtung an Ort und Stelle ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Werkzeugwagen (54) mit einem horizontal bewegbaren Schlitten (72) versehen ist, wobei eine Vielzahl von Werkzeugköpfen an dem Schlitten (72) auswechselbar anbringbar ist.
  14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Werkzeugwagen (54) mit folgenden Einrichtungen versehen ist: einer Zahnstangentriebeinrichtung, um seine Translationsverschiebung entlang der Führung zu bewirken, einer Hydraulikzylindereinrichtung, um seine Neigung einzustellen, und einer Zahnstangentriebeinrichtung, um eine Längsverschiebung des an dem Wagen (54) befestigten Werkzeugs zum Auswechseln des Werkzeugs selbst zu bewirken.
EP89104960A 1988-03-24 1989-03-20 Verfahren und Gerät zum Erweitern von Tunneln Expired - Lifetime EP0334262B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89104960T ATE100176T1 (de) 1988-03-24 1989-03-20 Verfahren und geraet zum erweitern von tunneln.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT8819921A IT1225765B (it) 1988-03-24 1988-03-24 Procedimento ed attrezzatura per allargare gallerie.
IT1992188 1988-03-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0334262A1 EP0334262A1 (de) 1989-09-27
EP0334262B1 true EP0334262B1 (de) 1994-01-12

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ID=11162351

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89104960A Expired - Lifetime EP0334262B1 (de) 1988-03-24 1989-03-20 Verfahren und Gerät zum Erweitern von Tunneln

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0334262B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH01315586A (de)
AT (1) ATE100176T1 (de)
DE (1) DE68912167T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2049769T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1225765B (de)

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CN102121385A (zh) * 2011-03-18 2011-07-13 同济大学 一种既有单洞隧道扩建为双联拱隧道的隧道开挖方法
DE102019129543A1 (de) * 2019-10-31 2021-05-06 Max Bögl Stiftung & Co. Kg Vorrichtung zum Aufweiten und Auskleiden eines Verkehrstunnels mit einer eine Einhausung überfahrenden Erektoreinheit

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KR100446543B1 (ko) * 2001-11-23 2004-09-01 구영숙 터널 확장 시공방법
AT500950B8 (de) * 2004-08-24 2007-02-15 Rte Technologie Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung einer tunnelfahrbahn für schienenfahrzeuge
DE102006044733C5 (de) * 2006-09-20 2013-03-28 Gta Maschinensysteme Gmbh Mobile Einhausung mit Vortriebsaggregaten
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ITTO20110316A1 (it) * 2011-04-07 2012-10-08 Soilmec Spa Attrezzatura per l'allargamento di gallerie in presenza di traffico.
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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102121385A (zh) * 2011-03-18 2011-07-13 同济大学 一种既有单洞隧道扩建为双联拱隧道的隧道开挖方法
CN102121385B (zh) * 2011-03-18 2012-12-05 同济大学 一种既有单洞隧道扩建为双联拱隧道的隧道开挖方法
DE102019129543A1 (de) * 2019-10-31 2021-05-06 Max Bögl Stiftung & Co. Kg Vorrichtung zum Aufweiten und Auskleiden eines Verkehrstunnels mit einer eine Einhausung überfahrenden Erektoreinheit

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IT1225765B (it) 1990-11-26
ATE100176T1 (de) 1994-01-15
ES2049769T3 (es) 1994-05-01
DE68912167D1 (de) 1994-02-24
DE68912167T2 (de) 1994-07-07
EP0334262A1 (de) 1989-09-27
IT8819921A0 (it) 1988-03-24
JPH01315586A (ja) 1989-12-20

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