EP0322951B1 - Vorrichtung zur raschen Erzeugung von künstlichem Nebel und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Nebelsätzen - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur raschen Erzeugung von künstlichem Nebel und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Nebelsätzen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0322951B1
EP0322951B1 EP88202865A EP88202865A EP0322951B1 EP 0322951 B1 EP0322951 B1 EP 0322951B1 EP 88202865 A EP88202865 A EP 88202865A EP 88202865 A EP88202865 A EP 88202865A EP 0322951 B1 EP0322951 B1 EP 0322951B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
smoke
mixture
units
ignition layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88202865A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0322951A1 (de
Inventor
Yvonne Frey
Jörg Kutzli
Walter Rauber
Hans Schmocker
Markus Tobler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft
Original Assignee
Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft filed Critical Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft
Priority to AT88202865T priority Critical patent/ATE86240T1/de
Publication of EP0322951A1 publication Critical patent/EP0322951A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0322951B1 publication Critical patent/EP0322951B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
    • F42B12/48—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances smoke-producing, e.g. infrared clouds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for generating artificial fog in a predetermined target area, wherein a plurality of briquetted smoke sets are stored in a container and can be simultaneously ignited and distributed by means of a centrifugal charge, and wherein the fog sets comprise at least one metal oxide and at least one oxygen carrier and / or have a halogen carrier, and a method for producing these fog sets.
  • Red phosphorus with an oxygen carrier (DE-OS 2048 583) is used, for example.
  • Mist sets with granules of metal / metal oxides in connection with a halogen carrier (DE-OS 3 037 053), which are surrounded by a hydrophilic ignition layer, are also known.
  • this is achieved in that the individual fog sets are each surrounded by a hydrophobic ignition layer that completely surrounds them, the weight ratio of the fog set to the ignition layer being 15: 1 to 8: 1.
  • the hydrophobic ignition layer mentioned in the claim is insensitive to moisture, i.e. mist sets covered with it resist the moisture that is present in practical use, for example in rainy weather, on wet grass, etc. - This insensitivity to moisture increases the security of the burning of the fog sets extraordinarily.
  • a reaction mixture consisting of ammonium chloride and zinc oxide in a total amount of 70 to 90 kg is mixed and then dried in a first process step in a first process step, and ammonium perchlorate, polyvinyl chloride and zinc oxide are added to this reaction mixture in a second process step, the total amount being 8 up to 12 kg and this is mixed in a tumble mixer, and in a third process step binder in the form of nitrocellulose and acetone is added in a mechanical mixer at low speed, in a fourth process step the still moist mix is pre-dried on a flat surface, then granulated and finally dried in vacuo for 1.5 to 2.5 hours at 50 ° C. to 65 ° C. and briquetted in molds in a fifth and final process step.
  • the moisture-resistant ignition layer has a double function; it ensures a quick, safe peripheral ignition of the individual fog sets by the spin charge and is also a protective layer for the hygroscopic mixtures of the fog sets.
  • the spherical design according to claim 2 increases the surface of the ignition layer and thus additionally improves the ignition safety and is very cheap on the outside.
  • An advantageous mixture for the fog sets is described in claim 3; it has no toxic substances, so that both the mist generated from it and any combustion residue are non-toxic.
  • the following substances are suitable as organic binders: acrylic resin, halogenated hydrocarbons, condensed polyamides, synthetic rubbers, vinyl ether polymers.
  • the nitrocellulose mentioned in claim 4 influences the firing behavior of the device and regulates its burning time.
  • Collodion wool according to claim 5, has proven to be very advantageous.
  • a further improvement is made by shooting cotton, cf. Claim 6 achieved.
  • organic binders listed in claims 8 and 9 are preferably higher hydrocarbons, natural proteins, polyglycols, polysaccharides.
  • the ignition layers according to claims 10, 11, 13 and 14 have the advantage of being non-toxic.
  • An ignition layer according to claim 12 has proven useful, but is slightly toxic in the non-ignited state due to the lead coatings.
  • the method of claim 16 is very economical and reliable.
  • the mass of an ignition layer produced according to claim 17 is also easy to handle and process.
  • the ignition layer, claim 18, according to claim 19, can be applied in a simple manner to the mist sets in the predetermined thickness.
  • the device is expediently designed directly as an ammunition body, cf. Claim 20.
  • Fig. 1 is a fog sentence. This mist set 1 is completely enclosed with an ignition layer 2.
  • Mist set 1 consists of a mixture of 12.5% by weight ammonium chloride, 31.7% by weight zinc oxide, 36.1% by weight ammonium perchlorate, 17.7% by weight polyvinyl chloride and 2.0% by weight. -% organic binders.
  • the organic binders are 5% by weight paraffin and 95% by weight nitrocellulose in the form of collodion wool.
  • This mist set 1 is encased with an ignition layer 2 consisting of a mixture of 15 to 35% by weight boron, 5 to 25% by weight silicon powder, 50 to 70% by weight manganese dioxide and 1 up to 5% by weight of organic binders which are added during coating.
  • the silicon powder was used in a grain size of approx. 25 ⁇ m.
  • This arrangement has the great advantage of being insensitive to moisture. It is very easy to ignite, is reliable and quick with regard to the formation of a dense, ground-covering mist, and guarantees total combustion of the sets.
  • An ammunition 5, Fig. 2 includes a plurality of fog sets 1 and 1 ', which are encased by a previously described ignition layer 2. The spaces make it easier to ignite the individual pill-shaped or spherical mist sets 1, 1 '.
  • the ammunition 5 consists essentially of a tubular housing 6, in which a base plate 7 with a jacket 8 are inserted.
  • a detonator flange 9 there is a known glow starter 10 with an initiator charge 11, both of which can act on a centrifugal charge 4. - This arrangement is ignited by a current source, not shown, applied to the ignition lines 12.
  • the igniter flange 9 is non-positively fixed by a base ring 13.
  • a cover plate 14 is inserted, which closes the jacket 8 airtight with a sealing film 15 and a flange 16.
  • the fog sets 1 have a diameter of 13 mm and a height of 8 mm; the radius of the spherical cap is 9.5 mm.
  • Ammunition bodies of this type are used on vehicles, primarily on tanks, and allow these to be used to atomize their area of application within wide limits.
  • flying distances of 70 m plus and minus 20 m are easily mastered in practice.
  • the launch angle is approximately 45 °; the spreading range 40 to 50 m in diameter; the fog duration per shot 30 seconds to 60 seconds
  • the different sizes of the fog sets have different burning times and different aerodynamic resistances, so that with their suitable size and shape selection a target area can be fogged within wide limits.
  • ammunition bodies can also be created, or those that are suitable for use as throwing bodies, bombs, etc.
  • mist sets are processed in large quantities by dry premixing in a mechanical mixer and mixed wet using liquid binders such as nitrocellulose and acetone, then pre-dried, granulated and finally dried in vacuo so that they can be pressed into molds.
  • liquid binders such as nitrocellulose and acetone
  • the preferably spherical mist sets with diameters of 10 to 15 mm and total heights of up to 15 mm are provided with the viscous mixture of the ignition layer by means of a plate granulator and granulated until the ratio of ignition layer to mist set is approx. 1:10.
  • the device according to the invention and the method can be adapted to the respective needs in any variation; Large sets of mists produced using the same steps are conceivable, as well as, for example, those for small-caliber ammunition bodies (from caliber 4.5 cm).

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Formation Of Various Coating Films On Cathode Ray Tubes And Lamps (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
EP88202865A 1987-12-24 1988-12-13 Vorrichtung zur raschen Erzeugung von künstlichem Nebel und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Nebelsätzen Expired - Lifetime EP0322951B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88202865T ATE86240T1 (de) 1987-12-24 1988-12-13 Vorrichtung zur raschen erzeugung von kuenstlichem nebel und verfahren zur herstellung von nebelsaetzen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5058/87A CH674742A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1987-12-24 1987-12-24
CH5058/87 1987-12-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0322951A1 EP0322951A1 (de) 1989-07-05
EP0322951B1 true EP0322951B1 (de) 1993-03-03

Family

ID=4287247

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88202865A Expired - Lifetime EP0322951B1 (de) 1987-12-24 1988-12-13 Vorrichtung zur raschen Erzeugung von künstlichem Nebel und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Nebelsätzen

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4898098A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0322951B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE86240T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH674742A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3878877D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES2038746T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IL (1) IL88440A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO169093C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
PT (1) PT89333B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0847972A1 (de) 1996-12-13 1998-06-17 Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft vertreten durch die SM Schweizerische Munitionsunternehmung der Gruppe für Rüstungsdienste Pyrotechnisches Verzögerungselement, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH686957A5 (de) * 1993-10-01 1996-08-15 Eidgenoess Munitionsfab Thun Nebelsatz sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und dessen Verwendung.
FR2712775A1 (fr) * 1993-11-25 1995-06-02 Laperrousaz Alain Enfumoir pour apiculteur.
FR2730048B1 (fr) * 1995-01-31 1997-03-28 Princhim Sa Perfectionnements apportes a un boitier de fumigene
FR2763120B1 (fr) * 1997-05-09 2001-12-28 Buck Chem Tech Werke Corps de sous-munition pour la production de brouillard
US6558487B1 (en) * 2001-07-24 2003-05-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Smoke generating compositions and methods of making the same
DE10152023B4 (de) * 2001-10-22 2005-06-16 Buck Neue Technologien Gmbh Schockunempfindliche Nebelwurfkörper
US7124690B1 (en) * 2004-04-07 2006-10-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Smoke producing mortar cartridge
DE102009030870A1 (de) * 2009-06-26 2010-12-30 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Wirkkörper
JP6563773B2 (ja) * 2015-10-20 2019-08-21 株式会社ダイセル 煙幕発生器
CN114858010B (zh) * 2022-05-23 2023-05-12 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 一种提高烟幕分散效果的干扰弹装置
CN117037396B (zh) * 2023-10-10 2023-12-19 绵阳师范学院 森林防火预警系统
CN117397852A (zh) * 2023-12-05 2024-01-16 重庆长江电工工业集团有限公司 一种发令弹发烟剂及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US29142A (en) * 1860-07-17 Coupling fob city kailroad-caes
DE370531C (de) * 1919-07-06 1923-03-03 Georg V Hassel Verfahren zur Herstellung von elektrisch leitenden dichten Anstrichen, Metallpulverschichten, Lampenfaeden u. dgl.
FR1131221A (fr) * 1955-09-10 1957-02-19 Alsetex Composition pyrotechnique
USRE29142E (en) 1968-11-21 1977-02-22 Consiglio Nazionale Delle Richerche Combustible compositions for generating aerosols, particularly suitable for cloud modification and weather control and aerosolization process
DE2819863A1 (de) * 1978-03-14 1986-07-24 Buck Chemisch-Technische Werke Gmbh & Co, 8230 Bad Reichenhall Wurfkoerper
DE3031369C2 (de) * 1980-08-20 1987-01-02 Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH + Co KG, 6719 Göllheim Pyrotechnische Ladung aus Nebelsatz und Anzündsatz und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Nebelmischung und des Anzündsatzes
DE3037053A1 (de) * 1980-10-01 1982-05-06 Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf Raucherzeugender koerper
DE3238455C2 (de) * 1982-10-16 1987-03-05 Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH + Co KG, 6719 Göllheim Nebelwurfkörper
US4651648A (en) * 1986-04-01 1987-03-24 The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Defence, Israel Military Industries Pyrotechnic aircraft carried bomb
US4704966A (en) * 1986-05-16 1987-11-10 Aai Corporation Method of forming IR smoke screen

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0847972A1 (de) 1996-12-13 1998-06-17 Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft vertreten durch die SM Schweizerische Munitionsunternehmung der Gruppe für Rüstungsdienste Pyrotechnisches Verzögerungselement, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO885750L (no) 1989-06-26
NO169093C (no) 1992-05-06
PT89333A (pt) 1989-12-29
EP0322951A1 (de) 1989-07-05
NO169093B (no) 1992-01-27
DE3878877D1 (de) 1993-04-15
ES2038746T3 (es) 1993-08-01
NO885750D0 (no) 1988-12-23
CH674742A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-07-13
ATE86240T1 (de) 1993-03-15
US4898098A (en) 1990-02-06
PT89333B (pt) 1993-12-31
IL88440A (en) 1992-06-21

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