EP0322951B1 - Device for the rapid production of artificiel mist, and process for the manufacture of mist shells - Google Patents
Device for the rapid production of artificiel mist, and process for the manufacture of mist shells Download PDFInfo
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- EP0322951B1 EP0322951B1 EP88202865A EP88202865A EP0322951B1 EP 0322951 B1 EP0322951 B1 EP 0322951B1 EP 88202865 A EP88202865 A EP 88202865A EP 88202865 A EP88202865 A EP 88202865A EP 0322951 B1 EP0322951 B1 EP 0322951B1
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- weight
- smoke
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- ignition layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
- F42B12/48—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances smoke-producing, e.g. infrared clouds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for generating artificial fog in a predetermined target area, wherein a plurality of briquetted smoke sets are stored in a container and can be simultaneously ignited and distributed by means of a centrifugal charge, and wherein the fog sets comprise at least one metal oxide and at least one oxygen carrier and / or have a halogen carrier, and a method for producing these fog sets.
- Red phosphorus with an oxygen carrier (DE-OS 2048 583) is used, for example.
- Mist sets with granules of metal / metal oxides in connection with a halogen carrier (DE-OS 3 037 053), which are surrounded by a hydrophilic ignition layer, are also known.
- this is achieved in that the individual fog sets are each surrounded by a hydrophobic ignition layer that completely surrounds them, the weight ratio of the fog set to the ignition layer being 15: 1 to 8: 1.
- the hydrophobic ignition layer mentioned in the claim is insensitive to moisture, i.e. mist sets covered with it resist the moisture that is present in practical use, for example in rainy weather, on wet grass, etc. - This insensitivity to moisture increases the security of the burning of the fog sets extraordinarily.
- a reaction mixture consisting of ammonium chloride and zinc oxide in a total amount of 70 to 90 kg is mixed and then dried in a first process step in a first process step, and ammonium perchlorate, polyvinyl chloride and zinc oxide are added to this reaction mixture in a second process step, the total amount being 8 up to 12 kg and this is mixed in a tumble mixer, and in a third process step binder in the form of nitrocellulose and acetone is added in a mechanical mixer at low speed, in a fourth process step the still moist mix is pre-dried on a flat surface, then granulated and finally dried in vacuo for 1.5 to 2.5 hours at 50 ° C. to 65 ° C. and briquetted in molds in a fifth and final process step.
- the moisture-resistant ignition layer has a double function; it ensures a quick, safe peripheral ignition of the individual fog sets by the spin charge and is also a protective layer for the hygroscopic mixtures of the fog sets.
- the spherical design according to claim 2 increases the surface of the ignition layer and thus additionally improves the ignition safety and is very cheap on the outside.
- An advantageous mixture for the fog sets is described in claim 3; it has no toxic substances, so that both the mist generated from it and any combustion residue are non-toxic.
- the following substances are suitable as organic binders: acrylic resin, halogenated hydrocarbons, condensed polyamides, synthetic rubbers, vinyl ether polymers.
- the nitrocellulose mentioned in claim 4 influences the firing behavior of the device and regulates its burning time.
- Collodion wool according to claim 5, has proven to be very advantageous.
- a further improvement is made by shooting cotton, cf. Claim 6 achieved.
- organic binders listed in claims 8 and 9 are preferably higher hydrocarbons, natural proteins, polyglycols, polysaccharides.
- the ignition layers according to claims 10, 11, 13 and 14 have the advantage of being non-toxic.
- An ignition layer according to claim 12 has proven useful, but is slightly toxic in the non-ignited state due to the lead coatings.
- the method of claim 16 is very economical and reliable.
- the mass of an ignition layer produced according to claim 17 is also easy to handle and process.
- the ignition layer, claim 18, according to claim 19, can be applied in a simple manner to the mist sets in the predetermined thickness.
- the device is expediently designed directly as an ammunition body, cf. Claim 20.
- Fig. 1 is a fog sentence. This mist set 1 is completely enclosed with an ignition layer 2.
- Mist set 1 consists of a mixture of 12.5% by weight ammonium chloride, 31.7% by weight zinc oxide, 36.1% by weight ammonium perchlorate, 17.7% by weight polyvinyl chloride and 2.0% by weight. -% organic binders.
- the organic binders are 5% by weight paraffin and 95% by weight nitrocellulose in the form of collodion wool.
- This mist set 1 is encased with an ignition layer 2 consisting of a mixture of 15 to 35% by weight boron, 5 to 25% by weight silicon powder, 50 to 70% by weight manganese dioxide and 1 up to 5% by weight of organic binders which are added during coating.
- the silicon powder was used in a grain size of approx. 25 ⁇ m.
- This arrangement has the great advantage of being insensitive to moisture. It is very easy to ignite, is reliable and quick with regard to the formation of a dense, ground-covering mist, and guarantees total combustion of the sets.
- An ammunition 5, Fig. 2 includes a plurality of fog sets 1 and 1 ', which are encased by a previously described ignition layer 2. The spaces make it easier to ignite the individual pill-shaped or spherical mist sets 1, 1 '.
- the ammunition 5 consists essentially of a tubular housing 6, in which a base plate 7 with a jacket 8 are inserted.
- a detonator flange 9 there is a known glow starter 10 with an initiator charge 11, both of which can act on a centrifugal charge 4. - This arrangement is ignited by a current source, not shown, applied to the ignition lines 12.
- the igniter flange 9 is non-positively fixed by a base ring 13.
- a cover plate 14 is inserted, which closes the jacket 8 airtight with a sealing film 15 and a flange 16.
- the fog sets 1 have a diameter of 13 mm and a height of 8 mm; the radius of the spherical cap is 9.5 mm.
- Ammunition bodies of this type are used on vehicles, primarily on tanks, and allow these to be used to atomize their area of application within wide limits.
- flying distances of 70 m plus and minus 20 m are easily mastered in practice.
- the launch angle is approximately 45 °; the spreading range 40 to 50 m in diameter; the fog duration per shot 30 seconds to 60 seconds
- the different sizes of the fog sets have different burning times and different aerodynamic resistances, so that with their suitable size and shape selection a target area can be fogged within wide limits.
- ammunition bodies can also be created, or those that are suitable for use as throwing bodies, bombs, etc.
- mist sets are processed in large quantities by dry premixing in a mechanical mixer and mixed wet using liquid binders such as nitrocellulose and acetone, then pre-dried, granulated and finally dried in vacuo so that they can be pressed into molds.
- liquid binders such as nitrocellulose and acetone
- the preferably spherical mist sets with diameters of 10 to 15 mm and total heights of up to 15 mm are provided with the viscous mixture of the ignition layer by means of a plate granulator and granulated until the ratio of ignition layer to mist set is approx. 1:10.
- the device according to the invention and the method can be adapted to the respective needs in any variation; Large sets of mists produced using the same steps are conceivable, as well as, for example, those for small-caliber ammunition bodies (from caliber 4.5 cm).
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von künstlichem Nebel in einem vorgegebenen Zielgebiet, wobei eine Vielzahl von brikettierten Nebelsätzen in einem Behälter gelagert und durch eine Schleuderladung gleichzeitig anzünd- und verteilbar sind und wobei die Nebelsätze wenigstens ein Metalloxid und wenigstens einen Sauerstoffträger und/oder einen Halogenträger aufweisen, sowie auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Nebelsätze.The present invention relates to a device for generating artificial fog in a predetermined target area, wherein a plurality of briquetted smoke sets are stored in a container and can be simultaneously ignited and distributed by means of a centrifugal charge, and wherein the fog sets comprise at least one metal oxide and at least one oxygen carrier and / or have a halogen carrier, and a method for producing these fog sets.
Es sind Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Erzeugung von künstlichem Nebel für zivile und militärische Anwendungen bekannt (z.B. DE-OS 1 913 790), bei denen brikettierte, brennbare Massen mittels einer Schleuderladung über einem Zielgebiet schrotschussartig verteilt werden.Methods and devices for generating artificial fog for civil and military applications are known (e.g. DE-OS 1 913 790) in which briquetted, combustible masses are distributed over a target area in the manner of a shot by means of a centrifugal charge.
Als Nebelsatz dient beispielsweise roter Phosphor mit einem Sauerstoffträger (DE-OS 2048 583). Ebenfalls bekannt sind Nebelsätze mit Granulaten aus Metall/Metalloxiden in Verbindung mit einem Halogenträger (DE-OS 3 037 053), welche mit einer hydrophil wirkenden Anzündschicht umgeben sind.Red phosphorus with an oxygen carrier (DE-OS 2048 583) is used, for example. Mist sets with granules of metal / metal oxides in connection with a halogen carrier (DE-OS 3 037 053), which are surrounded by a hydrophilic ignition layer, are also known.
Vor allem im militärischen Übungsbetrieb hat es sich gezeigt, dass die Zuverlässigkeit des Abbrennens dieser Zündsätze ungenügend ist und dass sie zudem aufgrund ihrer Toxizität entweder beim Abbrennen und/oder im Falle ihres nicht Abbrennens für Mensch und Tier eine Gefahrenquelle darstellen.In military training operations in particular, it has been shown that the reliability of the burning of these primers is inadequate and that, because of their toxicity, they are a source of danger for humans and animals either when burning and / or if they do not burn.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von künstlichem Nebel zu schaffen, welche rasch einen ausreichend dichten, bodendeckenden künstlichen Nebel erzeugt und deren Nebelsätze mit hoher Sicherheit und ohne Umweltgefährdung abbrennen.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a device for generating artificial fog, which quickly generates a sufficiently dense, ground-covering artificial fog and burn off the fog sets with high certainty and without environmental hazard.
Erfindungsgemäss wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass die einzelnen Nebelsätze jeweils durch eine diese vollumfänglich umhüllende hydrophobe Anzündschicht umschlossen sind, wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis von Nebelsatz zu Anzündschicht 15:1 bis 8:1 beträgt.According to the invention, this is achieved in that the individual fog sets are each surrounded by a hydrophobic ignition layer that completely surrounds them, the weight ratio of the fog set to the ignition layer being 15: 1 to 8: 1.
Die im Patentanspruch erwähnte hydrophobe Anzündschicht ist feuchtigkeitsunempfindlich, d.h. damit ummantelte Nebelsätze widerstehen der Feuchtigkeit, wie sie im praktischen Einsatz, beispielsweise bei Regenwetter, auf nassem Grasboden etc, vorhanden ist. - Durch diese Feuchtigkeitsunempfindlichkeit wird die Sicherheit des Abbrennens der Nebelsätze ausserordentlich gesteigert.The hydrophobic ignition layer mentioned in the claim is insensitive to moisture, i.e. mist sets covered with it resist the moisture that is present in practical use, for example in rainy weather, on wet grass, etc. - This insensitivity to moisture increases the security of the burning of the fog sets extraordinarily.
Im weiteren soll ein Herstellungsverfahren geschaffen werden, welches die wirtschaftliche und sichere Fabrikation umweltfreundlicher Nebelsätze gewährleistet.In addition, a manufacturing process is to be created which guarantees the economical and safe manufacture of environmentally friendly fog sentences.
Nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren wird zur Herstellung eines Nebelsatzes in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt eine Reaktionsmischung bestehend aus Ammoniumchlorid und Zinkoxid in einer Gesamtmenge von 70 bis 90 kg gemischt und anschliessend getrocknet, in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt dieser Reaktionsmischung Ammoniumperchlorat, Polyvinylchlorid und Zinkoxid beigemengt, wobei die Gesamtmenge 8 bis 12 kg beträgt und diese in einem Taumelmischer vermischt wird, und wobei in einem dritten Verfahrensschritt Bindemittel in Form von Nitrocellulose und Aceton in einem mechanischen Mischer bei geringer Drehzahl beigemengt wird, in einem vierten Verfahrensschritt das noch feuchte Mischgut auf einer ebenen Fläche vorgetrocknet, anschliessend granuliert und im Vakuum während 1,5 bis 2,5 Std. bei 50°C bis 65°C fertig getrocknet und in einem fünften und letzten Verfahrensschritt in Formen brikettiert wird.According to the process of the invention, a reaction mixture consisting of ammonium chloride and zinc oxide in a total amount of 70 to 90 kg is mixed and then dried in a first process step in a first process step, and ammonium perchlorate, polyvinyl chloride and zinc oxide are added to this reaction mixture in a second process step, the total amount being 8 up to 12 kg and this is mixed in a tumble mixer, and in a third process step binder in the form of nitrocellulose and acetone is added in a mechanical mixer at low speed, in a fourth process step the still moist mix is pre-dried on a flat surface, then granulated and finally dried in vacuo for 1.5 to 2.5 hours at 50 ° C. to 65 ° C. and briquetted in molds in a fifth and final process step.
Die feuchtigkeitsunempfindliche Anzündschicht übt eine Doppelfunktion aus; sie gewährleistet ein rasches, sicheres peripheres Anzünden der einzelnen Nebelsätze durch die Schleuderladung und ist zusätzlich Schutzschicht für die an sich hygroskopischen Gemische der Nebelsätze.The moisture-resistant ignition layer has a double function; it ensures a quick, safe peripheral ignition of the individual fog sets by the spin charge and is also a protective layer for the hygroscopic mixtures of the fog sets.
Die kugelartige Ausbildung nach Anspruch 2 erhöht die Oberfläche der Anzündschicht und verbessert damit die Anzünd-Sicherheit zusätzlich und ist aussenballistisch sehr günstig.The spherical design according to
Ein vorteilhaftes Gemisch für die Nebelsätze ist in Anspruch 3 beschrieben; es weist keine toxischen Stoffe auf, so dass sowohl der daraus erzeugte Nebel als auch ein eventueller Verbrennungsrückstand ungiftig sind. Als organische Bindemittel eignen sich folgende Stoffe: Acrylharz, halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe, kondensierte Polyamide, synthetische Kautschuke, Vinylaetherpolymere.An advantageous mixture for the fog sets is described in claim 3; it has no toxic substances, so that both the mist generated from it and any combustion residue are non-toxic. The following substances are suitable as organic binders: acrylic resin, halogenated hydrocarbons, condensed polyamides, synthetic rubbers, vinyl ether polymers.
Die im Anspruch 4 erwähnte Nitrocellulose beeinflusst das Anfeuerungsverhalten der Vorrichtung und reguliert deren Brenndauer.The nitrocellulose mentioned in claim 4 influences the firing behavior of the device and regulates its burning time.
Als sehr vorteilhaft hat sich Collodiumwolle, gemäss Anspruch 5, erwiesen.Collodion wool, according to
Eine weitere Verbesserung wird durch Schiessbaumwolle, vgl. Anspruch 6, erzielt.A further improvement is made by shooting cotton, cf.
Die in den Ansprüchen 7 bis 9 spezifizierten Gemische stellen bevorzugte Ausführungen der Nebelsätze dar.The mixtures specified in
Die in den Ansprüchen 8 und 9 aufgeführten organischen Bindemittel sind bevorzugterweise höhere Kohlenwasserstoffe, natürliche Proteine, Polyglykole, Polysaccharide.The organic binders listed in
Die Anzündschichten nach den Ansprüchen 10, 11, 13 und 14 haben den Vorteil der Ungiftigkeit.The ignition layers according to
Bewährt hat sich eine Anzündschicht gemäss Anspruch 12, welche jedoch aufgrund der Bleimenninge im nichtangezündeten Zustand leicht toxisch ist.An ignition layer according to
Die in Anspruch 15 angegebene Korngrösse erweist sich in der Praxis als sehr vorteilhaft.The grain size specified in
Das Verfahren nach Anspruch 16 ist sehr wirtschaftlich und betriebssicher.The method of
Die gemäss Anspruch 17 hergestellte Masse einer Anzündschicht lässt sich ebenfalls leicht handhaben und weiterverarbeiten. Auf einfache Weise kann die Anzündschicht, Anspruch 18, entsprechend Anspruch 19, auf die Nebelsätze in der vorgegebenen Dicke aufgebracht werden.The mass of an ignition layer produced according to
Zweckmässigerweise wird die Vorrichtung direkt als Munitionskörper ausgebildet, vgl. Anspruch 20.The device is expediently designed directly as an ammunition body, cf. Claim 20.
Es hat sich erwiesen, dass durch das Auffüllen des Munitionskörpers mit verschieden grossen Nebelsätzen, Anspruch 21, entsprechend ihrem unterschiedlichen Flugverhalten und ihrer verschiedenartigen Abbrandgeschwindigkeit, die Nebelbildung allen vorhersehbaren taktischen Erfordernissen angepasst werden kann.It has been found that by filling the ammunition body with different sized fog sets, according to their different flight behavior and their different burning rate, the fog formation can be adapted to all foreseeable tactical requirements.
Anhand von Zeichnungen werden nachfolgend praktische Ausführungsbeispiele des Erfindungsgegenstands beschrieben.Practical exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are described below with the aid of drawings.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- Die charakteristische Ausgestaltung eines Nebelsatzes mit Anzündschicht und
- Fig.2
- einen Munitionskörper mit Schleuderladung zum Einsatz an Fahrzeugen.
- Fig. 1
- The characteristic design of a mist set with ignition layer and
- Fig. 2
- an ammunition body with sling load for use on vehicles.
In Fig. 1 ist mit 1 ein Nebelsatz bezeichnet. Dieser Nebelsatz 1 ist mit einer Anzündschicht 2 vollständig umschlossen.In Fig. 1, 1 is a fog sentence. This
Der Nebelsatz 1 besteht aus einem Gemisch aus 12,5 Gew.-% Ammoniumchlorid, 31,7 Gew.-% Zinkoxid, 36,1 Gew.-% Ammoniumperchlorat, 17,7 Gew.-% Polyvinylchlorid sowie aus 2,0 Gew.-% organischen Bindemitteln. Die organischen Bindemittel sind mit einem Anteil von 5 Gew.-% Paraffin sowie mit einem Anteil von 95 Gew.-% Nitrocellulose in Form von Collodiumwolle.
Ummantelt ist dieser Nebelsatz 1 mit einer Anzündschicht 2 bestehend aus einem Gemisch von 15 bis 35 Gew.-% Bor, 5 bis 25 Gew.-% Siliziumpulver, 50 bis 70 Gew.-% Mangandioxid und 1 bis 5 Gew.-% organischen Bindemitteln, die beim Beschichten beigefügt werden. Das Siliziumpulver wurde in einer Korngrösse von ca. 25 µm verwendet.This
Diese Anordnung hat den grossen Vorteil der Feuchtigkeitsunempfindlichkeit. Sie lässt sich sehr leicht anzuzünden, ist zuverlässig und rasch in bezug auf die Bildung eines dichten, bodendeckenden Nebels und gewährleistet eine totale Verbrennung der Sätze.This arrangement has the great advantage of being insensitive to moisture. It is very easy to ignite, is reliable and quick with regard to the formation of a dense, ground-covering mist, and guarantees total combustion of the sets.
Ein Munitionskörper 5, Fig. 2, beinhaltet eine Vielzahl von Nebelsätzen 1 und 1′, welche durch eine vorgängig beschriebene Anzündschicht 2 umhüllt sind. Die Zwischenräume erleichtern das Anzünden der einzelnen pillen- bzw. kugelförmigen Nebelsätze 1, 1′. Der Munitionskörper 5 besteht im wesentlichen aus einem rohrförmigen Gehäuse 6, in welches eine Basisplatte 7 mit einem Mantel 8 eingelegt sind. In einem Zünderflansch 9 befindet sich ein an sich bekannter Glühzünder 10 mit einer Initiatorladung 11, welche beide auf eine Schleuderladung 4 wirken können. - Gezündet wird diese Anordnung durch eine an die Zündleitungen 12 angelegte, nicht dargestellte, Stromquelle. Der Zünderflansch 9 ist durch einen Basisring 13 kraftschlüssig fixiert. Im oberen Teil des Mantels 8 ist eine Deckplatte 14 eingelegt, welche mit einer Verschlussfolie 15 und einer Bördelung 16 den Mantel 8 luftdicht abschliessen. Zu Schutzzwecken ist ein Deckel 17, aus Polyvinylchlorid, mit einem Klemmflansch 18 auf das Gehäuse 6 aufgestülpt.An
Die Nebelsätze 1 weisen im vorliegenden Falle einen Durchmesser von 13 mm und eine Höhe von 8 mm auf; der Radius der Kugel-Kalotte beträgt 9,5 mm. Die Nebelsätze 1′ haben einen Durchmesser von 10 mm, eine Höhe von 13 mm und einen Kugel-Radius von 7,5 mm.In the present case, the
Derartige Munitionskörper finden an Fahrzeugen, vornehmlich an Panzern, Verwendung und erlauben diesen, ihren Einsatzbereich in weiten Grenzen zu vernebeln.Ammunition bodies of this type are used on vehicles, primarily on tanks, and allow these to be used to atomize their area of application within wide limits.
Mit der erfindungsgemässen Anordnung werden in der Praxis Flugdistanzen von 70 m plus minus 20 m problemlos beherrscht. Der Abschusswinkel beträgt ca. 45°; der Streubereich 40 bis 50 m im Durchmesser; die Nebeldauer pro Abschuss 30 Sek. bis 60 Sek.With the arrangement according to the invention, flying distances of 70 m plus and minus 20 m are easily mastered in practice. The launch angle is approximately 45 °; the spreading range 40 to 50 m in diameter; the fog duration per shot 30 seconds to 60 seconds
Die verschieden grossen Dimensionen der Nebelsätze weisen verschiedene Brenndauer und verschiedene aerodynamische Widerstände auf, so dass mit deren geeigneten Grössen- und Formwahl ein in weiten Grenzen beliebiges Zielgebiet eingenebelt werden kann.The different sizes of the fog sets have different burning times and different aerodynamic resistances, so that with their suitable size and shape selection a target area can be fogged within wide limits.
Selbstverständlich lassen sich auch andersartig ausgebildete Munitionskörper schaffen, bzw. solche, die geeignet zum Einsatz als Wurfkörper, Bomben etc. sind.Of course, other types of ammunition bodies can also be created, or those that are suitable for use as throwing bodies, bombs, etc.
Die herstellungstechnischen Voraussetzungen für eine Produktion der Vorrichtungen sind leicht beherrschbar. Die Nebelsätze werden durch trockenes Vormischen in grösseren Mengen in einem mechanischen Mischer aufbereitet und mittels flüssiger Bindemittel, wie Nitrocellulose und Aceton, feucht vermischt, anschliessend vorgetrocknet granuliert und im Vakuum fertiggetrocknet, so dass sie in Formen verpressbar sind.The manufacturing requirements for a production of the devices are easily manageable. The mist sets are processed in large quantities by dry premixing in a mechanical mixer and mixed wet using liquid binders such as nitrocellulose and acetone, then pre-dried, granulated and finally dried in vacuo so that they can be pressed into molds.
Die vorzugsweise kugelförmigen Nebelsätze mit Durchmessern von 10 bis 15 mm und Gesamthöhen von bis zu 15 mm werden mittels eines Tellergranulators mit dem dickflüssigen Gemisch der Anzündschicht versehen und solange granuliert, bis das Verhältnis Anzündschicht zu Nebelsatz ca. 1 : 10 beträgt.The preferably spherical mist sets with diameters of 10 to 15 mm and total heights of up to 15 mm are provided with the viscous mixture of the ignition layer by means of a plate granulator and granulated until the ratio of ignition layer to mist set is approx. 1:10.
Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung sowie das Verfahren lassen sich in beliebigen Variationen den jeweiligen Bedürfnissen anpassen; denkbar sind nach den gleichen Schritten hergestellte grosse Nebelsätze sowie beispielsweise auch solche für kleinkalibrige Munitionskörper (ab Kaliber 4,5 cm).The device according to the invention and the method can be adapted to the respective needs in any variation; Large sets of mists produced using the same steps are conceivable, as well as, for example, those for small-caliber ammunition bodies (from caliber 4.5 cm).
Claims (21)
- A device for generating artificial smoke in a predetermined target area, wherein a plurality of briquetted smoke units are stored in a container and may be simultaneously ignited and dispersed by means of a propellent charge, and wherein the smoke units have at least a metal oxide and at least an oxygen carrier and/or a halogen carrier, characterised in that the individual smoke units (1, 1') are each enclosed by a hydrophobic ignition layer (2) enveloping the entire volume thereof, wherein the weight ratio of smoke unit to ignition layer is 15:1 to 8:1.
- A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the smoke units (1, 1') with their ignition layer (2) are spherical in design.
- A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the smoke units (1, 1') are composed of a mixture of 5 to 25 % by weight ammonium chloride, 20 to 50 % by weight zinc oxide, 25 to 45 % by weight ammonium perchlorate, 4 to 25 % by weight polyvinyl chloride and 1 to 10 % by weight organic binders.
- A device according to claim 3, characterised in that the organic binders of the smoke units (1, 1') have at least in part nitrocellulose.
- A device according to claim 4, characterised in that the nitrocellulose is collodion cotton.
- A device according to claim 4, characterised in that the nitrocellulose is guncotton.
- A device according to claim 4, characterised in that the nitrocellulose is composed of a mixture of collodion cotton and guncotton.
- A device according to claim 4, characterised in that the proportion of nitrocellulose is 10 to 100 % by weight of the binder.
- A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the smoke units (1, 1') are composed of a mixture of 13 % by weight ammonium chloride, 31 % by weight zinc oxide, 34 % by weight ammonium perchlorate, 17 % by weight polyvinyl chloride and 5 % by weight organic binder.
- A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the smoke units (1, 1') are composed of a mixture of 41 % by weight zinc oxide, 35 % by weight ammonium perchlorate, 15 % by weight polyvinyl chloride and 9 % by weight organic binder.
- A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the smoke units (1, 1') are composed of a mixture of 12 % by weight ammonium chloride, 39 % by weight zinc oxide, 28 % by weight ammonium perchlorate, 14 % by weight polyvinyl chloride and 7 % by weight organic binder.
- A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the ignition layer (2) is composed of a mixture of 30 to 40 % by weight lead chromate, 35 to 45 % by weight minium, 20 to 30 % by weight silicon powder and 1 to 5 % by weight organic binders.
- A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the ignition layer (2) is composed of a mixture of 25 to 35 % by weight boron, 5 to 15 % by weight silicon powder, 35 to 45 % by weight strontium peroxide, 15 to 25 % by weight iron(III)-oxide and 1 to 5 % by weight organic binder.
- A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the ignition layer (2) is composed of a mixture of 15 to 35 % by weight boron, 5 to 25 % by weight silicon powder, 50 to 70 % by weight manganese dioxide and 1 to 5 % by weight organic binder.
- A device according to claim 12, 13 and 14, characterised in that the silicon powder has a grain size of 10 to 80 µm.
- A method for manufacturing a smoke unit according to claim 1 or one of claims 3 to 8, characterised in that in a first method step a reaction mixture composed of ammonium chloride and zinc oxide is mixed in a total quantity of 70 to 90 kg and then dried, and in that in a second method step ammonium perchlorate, polyvinyl chloride and zinc oxide are added to this reaction mixture, wherein the total quantity amounts to 8 to 12 kg and this is mixed in a tumbling mixer, and in that in a third method step, binder in the form of nitrocellulose and acetone is added in a mechanical mixer at a low rotational speed, and in that in a fourth method step the mixed material which is still moist is pre-dried on a flat surface, then granulated and dried out completely in a vacuum for 1.5 to 2.5 hours at 50°C to 65°C, and in a fifth method step is briquetted in moulds and the units obtained in this way are coated in a last step with the ignition layer.
- A method for manufacturing a smoke unit according to claim 1 or one of claims 9 to 11, characterised in that in a first method step a reaction mixture composed of ammonium chloride and zinc oxide is mixed in a total quantity of 70 to 90 kg and then dried, and in that in a second method step ammonium perchlorate, polyvinyl chloride, zinc oxide and binder are added to this reaction mixture, wherein the total quantity amounts to 45 to 55 kg and this is mixed in a kneading machine and then granulated by the fluidized bed technique, and in that in a third method step this mixture is briquetted in moulds and the units obtained in this way are coated in a last step with the ignition layer.
- A method for manufacturing an ignition layer (2) according to claim 1 or one of claims 12 to 14, characterised in that the dry-mixed components are mixed with an organic adhesive and an organic solvent.
- A method for manufacturing smoke units according to claim 1, characterised in that after briquetting they are coated at room temperature in a plate granulator with the fluid ignition layer which is dispersed with a fluid binder.
- A device according to claim 1, characterised in that it is designed as an ammunition body (5).
- A device according to claim 20, characterised in that smoke units (1, 1') of varying sizes are provided in the ammunition body (5).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT88202865T ATE86240T1 (en) | 1987-12-24 | 1988-12-13 | DEVICE FOR RAPID PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL FOG AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING FOG KITS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH5058/87 | 1987-12-24 | ||
| CH5058/87A CH674742A5 (en) | 1987-12-24 | 1987-12-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0322951A1 EP0322951A1 (en) | 1989-07-05 |
| EP0322951B1 true EP0322951B1 (en) | 1993-03-03 |
Family
ID=4287247
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88202865A Expired - Lifetime EP0322951B1 (en) | 1987-12-24 | 1988-12-13 | Device for the rapid production of artificiel mist, and process for the manufacture of mist shells |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4898098A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0322951B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE86240T1 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH674742A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3878877D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2038746T3 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL88440A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO169093C (en) |
| PT (1) | PT89333B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0847972A1 (en) | 1996-12-13 | 1998-06-17 | Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft vertreten durch die SM Schweizerische Munitionsunternehmung der Gruppe für Rüstungsdienste | Pyrotechnic delay element, method of manufacture and its use |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH686957A5 (en) * | 1993-10-01 | 1996-08-15 | Eidgenoess Munitionsfab Thun | Smoke composition and process for its preparation and its use. |
| FR2712775A1 (en) * | 1993-11-25 | 1995-06-02 | Laperrousaz Alain | Smoker for use by bee keepers |
| FR2730048B1 (en) * | 1995-01-31 | 1997-03-28 | Princhim Sa | IMPROVEMENTS TO A SMOKE CASE |
| FR2763120B1 (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 2001-12-28 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | SUBMUNITION BODY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FOG |
| US6558487B1 (en) * | 2001-07-24 | 2003-05-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Smoke generating compositions and methods of making the same |
| DE10152023B4 (en) * | 2001-10-22 | 2005-06-16 | Buck Neue Technologien Gmbh | Shock insensitive smoke projectiles |
| US7124690B1 (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2006-10-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Smoke producing mortar cartridge |
| DE102009030870A1 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2010-12-30 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | submunitions |
| JP6563773B2 (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2019-08-21 | 株式会社ダイセル | Smoke screen generator |
| CN114858010B (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-05-12 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Interference bomb device for improving smoke curtain dispersing effect |
| CN117037396B (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2023-12-19 | 绵阳师范学院 | Forest fire prevention early warning system |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US29142A (en) * | 1860-07-17 | Coupling fob city kailroad-caes | ||
| DE370531C (en) * | 1919-07-06 | 1923-03-03 | Georg V Hassel | Process for the production of electrically conductive, dense paints, metal powder layers, lamp threads, etc. like |
| FR1131221A (en) * | 1955-09-10 | 1957-02-19 | Alsetex | Pyrotechnic composition |
| DE2819863A1 (en) * | 1978-03-14 | 1986-07-24 | Buck Chemisch-Technische Werke Gmbh & Co, 8230 Bad Reichenhall | THROWING BODY |
| DE3031369C2 (en) * | 1980-08-20 | 1987-01-02 | Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH + Co KG, 6719 Göllheim | Pyrotechnic charge consisting of a smoke composition and an ignition charge and a method for producing the mist mixture and the ignition charge |
| DE3037053A1 (en) * | 1980-10-01 | 1982-05-06 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | Sealed smoke-generating body - has single fuse in part containing granular quick-burning charge |
| DE3238455A1 (en) * | 1982-10-16 | 1984-04-19 | Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH + Co KG, 6719 Göllheim | FOGGED BODY |
| US4651648A (en) * | 1986-04-01 | 1987-03-24 | The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Defence, Israel Military Industries | Pyrotechnic aircraft carried bomb |
| US4704966A (en) * | 1986-05-16 | 1987-11-10 | Aai Corporation | Method of forming IR smoke screen |
-
1987
- 1987-12-24 CH CH5058/87A patent/CH674742A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1988
- 1988-11-21 IL IL88440A patent/IL88440A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-11-21 US US07/274,244 patent/US4898098A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-12-13 EP EP88202865A patent/EP0322951B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-13 AT AT88202865T patent/ATE86240T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-12-13 DE DE8888202865T patent/DE3878877D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-12-13 ES ES198888202865T patent/ES2038746T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-23 PT PT89333A patent/PT89333B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1988-12-23 NO NO885750A patent/NO169093C/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0847972A1 (en) | 1996-12-13 | 1998-06-17 | Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft vertreten durch die SM Schweizerische Munitionsunternehmung der Gruppe für Rüstungsdienste | Pyrotechnic delay element, method of manufacture and its use |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH674742A5 (en) | 1990-07-13 |
| US4898098A (en) | 1990-02-06 |
| PT89333A (en) | 1989-12-29 |
| ES2038746T3 (en) | 1993-08-01 |
| DE3878877D1 (en) | 1993-04-15 |
| PT89333B (en) | 1993-12-31 |
| IL88440A (en) | 1992-06-21 |
| ATE86240T1 (en) | 1993-03-15 |
| EP0322951A1 (en) | 1989-07-05 |
| NO169093B (en) | 1992-01-27 |
| NO169093C (en) | 1992-05-06 |
| NO885750D0 (en) | 1988-12-23 |
| NO885750L (en) | 1989-06-26 |
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