EP0299203A2 - Dispositif de nettoyage des machines d'impression - Google Patents

Dispositif de nettoyage des machines d'impression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0299203A2
EP0299203A2 EP88109244A EP88109244A EP0299203A2 EP 0299203 A2 EP0299203 A2 EP 0299203A2 EP 88109244 A EP88109244 A EP 88109244A EP 88109244 A EP88109244 A EP 88109244A EP 0299203 A2 EP0299203 A2 EP 0299203A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
printing
web
dryer
substance
detergent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88109244A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0299203A3 (en
EP0299203B1 (fr
Inventor
Franz Waizmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baldwin Gegenheimer GmbH
Original Assignee
Baldwin Gegenheimer GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baldwin Gegenheimer GmbH filed Critical Baldwin Gegenheimer GmbH
Priority to AT88109244T priority Critical patent/ATE95759T1/de
Publication of EP0299203A2 publication Critical patent/EP0299203A2/fr
Publication of EP0299203A3 publication Critical patent/EP0299203A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0299203B1 publication Critical patent/EP0299203B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F35/00—Cleaning arrangements or devices
    • B41F35/06—Cleaning arrangements or devices for offset cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F23/00—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing
    • B41F23/02—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing by dampening

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for cleaning a blanket mounted on a blanket cylinder of a web offset printing press according to claims 1 and 5.
  • a measure of the generic type is known from DE 30 05 469 A1. It relates generally to the washing of the blankets found in rotary printing presses. The measure can be applied both to the blanket cylinder of a sheet-processing printing machine and to the blanket cylinder of a roll-processing printing machine.
  • the rubber blankets get dirty during the production process mainly due to the build-up of sticky paint residues and sticky paper dust.
  • the point sharpness that is important in autotypical halftone printing is lost, some print lots no longer print out correctly.
  • a washing bar is fastened axially parallel to the blanket washing by apparatus with the aid of apparatus with respect to the rubber cylinder of the printing unit, said beam carrying a pressure element which can be brought into and out of contact with the moving blanket.
  • the cleaning effect is due to the rubbing and dissolving of the soiled particles on the rubber blanket, the dirt being absorbed with the help of a washing cloth removed during the blanket washing.
  • a wash bar of a blanket washing system is usually arranged in the direction of rolling in front of the printing nip through which the printing material runs, that is, in front of the inking. This area concerns the advance of the printing ink and the dampening solution in the shortest way and the shortest dwell time from the plate cylinder to Printing web.
  • the path of the detergent to the printing path is the same as the path of the printing ink. Some of the detergent splits onto the printing web, some remains and drives back to the washing station.
  • the wash bar can also be located in the return area between the printing nip and the plate cylinder.
  • the rubber blanket then gave off ink and dampening solution to the printing substrate during the splitting and picked up the youngest paper particles when it came into contact with the printing substrate, whereupon it was then rolled over again by the printing plate carrying the fountain solution and ink.
  • the inking unit and dampening unit are usually switched off during washing, i.e. in the lifted state, in order to avoid the splitting of dirt and washing solution, which otherwise occurs during the washing process, onto the inking and dampening rollers right down to the inking and dampening solution box.
  • the appropriate control in the up and down position of the inking or dampening unit is decided based on the machine and production characteristics. In the case of a high non-printing portion and thus larger dampening solution transfer areas, conversely with a high proportion of ink, with coated and uncoated, with light and with heavy paper, a different driving style may be appropriate.
  • the printing unit cylinders are moved into the print-on position with the position rolling against one another under surface pressure, with the printing gap closed, through which the printing material is transported. It is also possible to carry out the washing process in the pressure-down position, in which the pressure gap is open.
  • the cylinder circuit depends on the respective substrate, which is common in common four-cylinder systems due to the offset of the planes formed by the plate cylinder and blanket cylinder, which can be placed through the axes, so that in both positions the contact of the substrate with the blanket is guaranteed. By touching the substrate with the rubber blanket, dirt and detergent can be removed via the substrate.
  • the selection of the cylinder circuit depends on the printing unit assignment.
  • the pressure element goes from the rest position into the working position in frictional contact with the rubber blanket.
  • the pressure element results in line or surface pressure between the washcloth and the rubber blanket, so that dirt and detergent can pass from one side to the other.
  • the pressure element consists for example of a controllable membrane, it can also be designed as a rotating or non-rotating brush.
  • the detergent consists of aqueous phase components mainly for the paper dust and organic solvent components mainly for the softening or dissolving of the color residues. It can be a mixture. It is also common to feed individual components in a specific order.
  • the efficiency of the washing process depends largely on the respective washing program, after which the timing and quantity of the washing component supply is controlled.
  • the advancement of the washcloth in the ratio of soiled, soaked parts to clean parts also plays an important role.
  • the washing process is put into the continuous printing phase with the machine running continuously, with the amount of waste being minimized with regard to the washing program, which can be designed specifically for the machine and the order.
  • the washing process can also be controlled on occasions related to general set-up activities, e.g. on the occasion of a machine stop for the plate change, an intervention on the folder, etc.
  • Shutting down from production to standstill and vice versa from standstill of the printing press to production operation offers itself, as it were, outside of the rubber blanket washing that must be carried out.
  • the concentrations in the gas phase of the drying oven operated with a slight negative pressure therefore change.
  • the shift in concentration that results between the steady state during continuous printing and the state during washing must be counteracted to the extent that possible disturbances both in the area of the dryer and in the area of the processes downstream of the drying process, e.g. afterburning are brought to the lowest possible level. This primarily includes the avoidance of impermissible concentrations which can lead to an explosion or which result in MAK values outside the legal requirements.
  • the monitoring devices comprise a temperature indicator including a temperature controller, the mode of operation of which is designed to ensure that the limit temperature is not exceeded in the amount of 80% of the ignition temperature.
  • 5 measured values per minute and measuring point are recorded by means of a gas warning device.
  • the operating instructions specified for the washing operation are rigid and purely precautionary, without any closer adaptation to the actual real process with the actual concentration values being shown.
  • the amounts evaporating in the dryer on the part of detergents can be influenced by the selection of the detergent composition with regard to the proportionate liquids.
  • the printed image also plays a role in terms of the printing area, because in the maximum case there can be 400% coverage of the printed image when the colored inks are overlaid with black and a correspondingly high color vapor concentration. It is therefore advisable to take the printing area proportions into account as input parameters. If there is a high proportion of non-printed, i.e. paper-white, areas, the ink vapor content is lower and the dampening solution is more concentrated.
  • the solution is essentially aimed at restricting the proportions that evaporate during the washing process by means of a material measure. It consists of the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the medium applied to the printing web before drying begins reacts physically or chemically on the web surface. From a physical point of view, its wetting hinders the evaporation of the gaseous products from the printing ink or from the detergent under the influence of heat.
  • the medium itself absorbs heat, so that the heat transfer is changed.
  • the detergent is heated later and with a different amount.
  • a rapidly polymerizing substance can be applied that virtually forms a coating.
  • the precipitation of a coating from a previously aqueous solution can be achieved.
  • the coating seals the parts evaporating from the printing web.
  • Water as an applied substance is easy to handle and offers advantages with regard to the supply, non-aggressiveness and usability that exist with dangerous substances.
  • the moistened web makes folding easier.
  • the quantities of the substance to be applied must be measured precisely.
  • the temporal distribution of the color residues and detergents, as can be seen on the running printing web, is taken into account.
  • a different amount of detergent appears than when cleaning all dirty rubber blankets at the same time.
  • Zone-by-zone metering of the substance can compensate for zone-by-zone differences in the printed image that go into soiling and thus detergent use.
  • the applicator for the material which is arranged in the area of the dryer entrance, is held displaceably in and against the web unwinding direction.
  • the nozzles arranged in a row transverse to the printing path can be individually adjusted and acted upon in order to take account of the possibility of zone-by-zone application in a specific profile.
  • control device that controls the various parameters that can be entered, such as area coverage in the print, web speed, times and transfer quantities of the detergent in the individual printing units and condition variables in the dryer.
  • the latter includes the vapor concentration, supply and exhaust air that can be recorded by measuring sensors and, for example, gas flow.
  • the corresponding actuating devices can be acted upon on the basis of the parameter values. Its scope relates to the wash cloth feed, detergent discharge, material application, dryer flaps and, if applicable, gas supply.
  • the control device can be connected to the control center of the printing line.
  • the printing web 1 runs from the roll into the printing units 2, in which the respective image colors are printed in register.
  • dampening solution originating from the dampening systems reaches the pressure-free areas of the plate and the ink and dampening solution mixture on the rubber blanket and consequently on the printing web 1.
  • the moisture content of the printing web 1 increases.
  • the inks of the heatset type are thickened in the dryer 3 to such an extent that after cooling while running over the cooling roller surfaces, they produce a surface which can be processed in the folder 4 and which no longer smears.
  • the dryer 3 has inlet connections and chimneys for the exhaust air.
  • Fig. 2 From Fig. 2 is shown against the blanket cylinder 5 for fine and the blanket cylinder 5 for back pressure wash bar 6.
  • Ink and dampening rollers transfer the printing inks and the dampening solution to the printing plate, which is clamped onto the plate cylinder.
  • the planes that can be laid by the axes of the cylinder pairs consisting of plate and rubber cylinders 5 are offset in the four-cylinder system shown, so that the printing web 1 the printing gap between the rubber cylinder 5 for straight printing and the rubber cylinder 5th S-shaped for counterpressure.
  • the S-shaped course is also in the print-down position of the pressure cylinder. S-shaped course results in contact of printing web 1 and rubber cylinder 5 and thus transfer of detergent.
  • the inking is completed, so that the color coverage is at its highest.
  • the last printing unit 2 consequently rolls over the printing web 1 inked in the preceding printing units 2, as a result of which the foreign colors can mainly be split back onto the rubber blanket.
  • the web processing continues to the dryer 3 with its successive drying sections.
  • the temperature of the printing web 1 begins to rise sharply.
  • the evaporation of the evaporable or evaporable parts from the printing ink and the detergent increases up to a maximum, with the vapor concentration increasing accordingly.
  • the dryer 3 has flaps 8 that can be opened for web intake and ventilation.
  • An applicator unit 7 is arranged in front of the dryer entrance and consists of a spray device with nozzle bars 9. After leaving the printing units 2 before entering the dryer 3, a material is applied to the surface of the printing web 1 with the application unit 7 (approximately during washing).
  • the stock feed refers to the top and bottom of the printing web 1 via a nozzle bar 9 which is arranged at a distance above and below the printing web 1 transversely to the web development.
  • the jet direction of the nozzles which is indicated by the slashes, can be adjusted.
  • the output can be regulated from zone to zone as required, the zones being comparable to the zones of decolorization in accordance with the ink slides of the ink fountain.
  • the application unit 7 is supplied via the nozzle 10.
  • the applicator 7 can be moved by two rollers running on a rail 12, so that web feeding and work on the dryer 3 and applicator 7 are facilitated.
  • the application unit 7 can be encapsulated by a wall 11.
  • the servo drive 13 serves to shift the application unit 7.
  • Fig. 3 essentially shows the material flow and signal link that exists between cleaning device 6, i.e. Wash bar, applicator 7 and dryer 3 exists.
  • ink and fountain solution supply are also divided into zones.
  • the mass flows include systematic: ink flow M1, dampening solution flow M2, detergent flow M3, material flow M4 of the application unit, gas supply M5, supply air M6, exhaust air M7.
  • Signal lines lead to actuators, which are shown as valves V1 to V5 or as flaps V6, V7 see supply and exhaust air flow. Since valve V3 for the detergent flow M3 also symbolically stands for the wash cloth feed.
  • Sensors 14 for measuring the vapor concentration are arranged in the dryer 3 distributed over the drying section. Instead of the number of sensors 14 shown, a sensor can also be provided in the exhaust air chimney, wherein it should be borne in mind that its measuring signal, due to the distance to the printing web 1, with its decisive concentrations, is subject to dead time.
  • Sensors 14 responding directly or indirectly to the vapor concentration can be used as the measuring sensor 14, e.g. FID, pressure, temperature sensor, hot wire probe.
  • the influencing variables pending at the dryer inlet are the amount of detergent M3 and time, amount of substance M4 and time.
  • Control is taken over by a control device 15, which can be switched to the control station of the web offset machine.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
EP88109244A 1987-07-15 1988-06-10 Dispositif de nettoyage des machines d'impression Expired - Lifetime EP0299203B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88109244T ATE95759T1 (de) 1987-07-15 1988-06-10 Druckmaschinen-reinigungsvorrichtung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3723400 1987-07-15
DE3723400A DE3723400C1 (de) 1987-07-15 1987-07-15 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Zylindern einer Rollendruckmaschine

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0299203A2 true EP0299203A2 (fr) 1989-01-18
EP0299203A3 EP0299203A3 (en) 1990-03-28
EP0299203B1 EP0299203B1 (fr) 1993-10-13

Family

ID=6331628

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88109244A Expired - Lifetime EP0299203B1 (fr) 1987-07-15 1988-06-10 Dispositif de nettoyage des machines d'impression

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5097764A (fr)
EP (1) EP0299203B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0193356A (fr)
AT (1) ATE95759T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3723400C1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0372588A2 (fr) * 1988-12-08 1990-06-13 Baldwin-Gegenheimer GmbH Procédé et dispositif de nettoyage des cylindres d'une presse rotative
EP0378206A2 (fr) * 1989-01-11 1990-07-18 Baldwin-Gegenheimer GmbH Procédé et dispositif de nettoyage de cylindres de blanchet dans une presse à bobines
EP0527316A1 (fr) * 1991-08-14 1993-02-17 Baldwin-Gegenheimer GmbH Installation de nettoyage d'une bande pour nettoyer une bande destinée à être imprimée

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3901105C1 (en) * 1987-07-15 1990-01-11 Baldwin-Gegenheimer Gmbh, 8900 Augsburg, De Method and apparatus for cleaning cylinders of a web-fed printing machine
DE3939190A1 (de) * 1989-01-25 1990-08-09 Baldwin Gegenheimer Gmbh Durchlauftrockner von rollenrotationsdruckmaschinen und betrieb eines derartigen durchlauftrockners bei fortdruck und beim zylinderwaschen mit laufender bahn
DE4207071A1 (de) * 1992-03-06 1993-09-16 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Regelsystem fuer rollenrotationsdruckmaschinen
DE4216243C2 (de) * 1992-05-16 1995-10-12 Kotterer Grafotec Vorrichtung zur Reinigung eines Zylinders
DE4301410A1 (de) * 1993-01-20 1994-07-21 Baldwin Gegenheimer Gmbh Druckmaschinen-Reinigungsvorrichtung
DE4338625A1 (de) * 1993-11-12 1995-05-18 Oxy Dry Maschinen Gmbh Verfahren zur vollautomatischen Zylinderreinigung bei Druckmaschinen mit zentralem Leitsystem
DE19541160C1 (de) * 1995-11-04 1997-01-30 Roland Man Druckmasch Verfahren zur Reinigung eines Zylinders einer Rotationsdruckmaschine
US6537615B2 (en) * 1998-11-12 2003-03-25 Paper Technology Foundation Inc. Steam-assisted paper impregnation
US6537616B2 (en) * 1998-11-12 2003-03-25 Paper Technology Foundation Inc. Stam-assisted paper impregnation
US6194057B1 (en) 1998-11-12 2001-02-27 Paper Technology Foundation Inc. Partially impregnated lignocellulosic materials
DE29921185U1 (de) * 1999-12-03 2001-04-12 Web Tech Licensees B.V., Badhoevedorp Satellitendruckmaschine zum Bedrucken von Bogen und Bahnen
US6211357B1 (en) 1999-12-09 2001-04-03 Paper Technology Foundation, Inc. Strengthening compositions and treatments for lignocellulosic materials
US6281350B1 (en) 1999-12-17 2001-08-28 Paper Technology Foundation Inc. Methods for the reduction of bleeding of lignosulfonates from lignosulfonate-treated substrates
US6915742B2 (en) * 2001-09-26 2005-07-12 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Blanket washing method and blanket washing solution removing method for use in web offset printing press
DE10149009B4 (de) * 2001-10-04 2009-11-12 Manroland Ag Verfahren zum Verarbeiten einer Inhibitoren und Oligomere enthaltenden Druckfarbe in einem Druckwerk einer Rotationsdruckmaschine
EP1661702B1 (fr) * 2004-11-30 2007-05-09 Oxy-Dry Maschinen GmbH Méthode et appareil pour le nettoyage de cylindres dans une machine d'impression
DE102005018475B4 (de) * 2005-01-28 2006-11-16 Koenig & Bauer Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Druckeinheit und Druckeinheit mit Waschvorrichtung

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB660001A (en) * 1948-05-18 1951-10-31 Ernest Arthur Timson Improvements in or relating to a method of accelerating the drying of coated surfaces
FR1188692A (fr) * 1956-12-20 1959-09-24 Advance House Procédé et appareillage pour sécher et conditionner des structures, tissus, textiles, et analogues
FR1534596A (fr) * 1967-08-23 1968-07-26 Zellweger Uster Ag Procédé de réglage du séchage de bandes continues textiles ou non
GB1261329A (en) * 1966-12-12 1972-01-26 Francis Stephen Ulrich A process for applying a protective film to unset printing ink on a substrate
DE3005469A1 (de) * 1979-04-19 1980-10-30 Baldwin Gegenheimer Corp Waschvorrichtung eines drucktuchzylinders einer druckmaschine mit einem reinigungstuch
DE8707384U1 (de) * 1987-05-22 1987-07-16 Baldwin-Gegenheimer GmbH, 8900 Augsburg Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung von lösungsmittelhaltigem Material

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US2157387A (en) * 1937-01-22 1939-05-09 Interchem Corp Method of setting coloring and coating compositions
US2275521A (en) * 1940-07-26 1942-03-10 Interchem Corp Method of setting printing ink
US2464119A (en) * 1947-01-07 1949-03-08 Fred C Dawson Moistening apparatus
US3095810A (en) * 1958-08-18 1963-07-02 Timsons Ltd Rotary printing machines
US2974058A (en) * 1958-10-10 1961-03-07 Res Aktiebolag Method of applying a layer of printing ink plus an additional layer on an underlay
US3508711A (en) * 1967-12-29 1970-04-28 Ryco Graphic Mfg Fluid dispensing system
US3694238A (en) * 1968-03-04 1972-09-26 Ibm Gravure printing process and apparatus using moisture-setting inks
JPS5114925A (ja) * 1974-07-29 1976-02-05 Shibata Tokuhito Jinzofunensoshokusekizaino seizoho
DE2538067C3 (de) * 1974-09-11 1978-06-22 Hans Jacob Dipl.-Ing. Oesteraas Moestue (Norwegen) Waschvorrichtung für einen Zylinder einer Druckmaschine
DD132005A1 (de) * 1977-06-02 1978-08-16 Guenter Hackenberger Trockner fuer bedruckte oder beschichtete bahnen fuer druckmaschinen oder dergleichen
US4150495A (en) * 1978-05-03 1979-04-24 Bobst-Champlain, Inc. LEL (lower explosive limit) control with automatic calibration capability
JPS61144350A (ja) * 1984-12-19 1986-07-02 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 輪転機印刷機に於る版及びインキ換え方法
US4667597A (en) * 1985-01-22 1987-05-26 Wright Norman D Printing press blanket cleaner
DE3687632T2 (de) * 1985-12-06 1993-05-19 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co Druckvorrichtung fuer pastillen.
DE3614742A1 (de) * 1986-04-30 1987-11-05 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Einrichtung zur nachbehandlung einer beschichteten oder bedruckten gutbahn
US4686902A (en) * 1986-10-31 1987-08-18 Precision Engineered Systems Inc. Automatic blanket wash system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB660001A (en) * 1948-05-18 1951-10-31 Ernest Arthur Timson Improvements in or relating to a method of accelerating the drying of coated surfaces
FR1188692A (fr) * 1956-12-20 1959-09-24 Advance House Procédé et appareillage pour sécher et conditionner des structures, tissus, textiles, et analogues
GB1261329A (en) * 1966-12-12 1972-01-26 Francis Stephen Ulrich A process for applying a protective film to unset printing ink on a substrate
FR1534596A (fr) * 1967-08-23 1968-07-26 Zellweger Uster Ag Procédé de réglage du séchage de bandes continues textiles ou non
DE3005469A1 (de) * 1979-04-19 1980-10-30 Baldwin Gegenheimer Corp Waschvorrichtung eines drucktuchzylinders einer druckmaschine mit einem reinigungstuch
DE8707384U1 (de) * 1987-05-22 1987-07-16 Baldwin-Gegenheimer GmbH, 8900 Augsburg Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung von lösungsmittelhaltigem Material

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0372588A2 (fr) * 1988-12-08 1990-06-13 Baldwin-Gegenheimer GmbH Procédé et dispositif de nettoyage des cylindres d'une presse rotative
EP0372588A3 (en) * 1988-12-08 1990-11-14 Baldwin-Gegenheimer Gmbh Method and device for cleaning the cylinders in a rotary press
EP0378206A2 (fr) * 1989-01-11 1990-07-18 Baldwin-Gegenheimer GmbH Procédé et dispositif de nettoyage de cylindres de blanchet dans une presse à bobines
EP0378206A3 (fr) * 1989-01-11 1991-01-30 Baldwin-Gegenheimer GmbH Procédé et dispositif de nettoyage de cylindres de blanchet dans une presse à bobines
EP0527316A1 (fr) * 1991-08-14 1993-02-17 Baldwin-Gegenheimer GmbH Installation de nettoyage d'une bande pour nettoyer une bande destinée à être imprimée
US5289774A (en) * 1991-08-14 1994-03-01 Baldwin-Gegenheimer Gmbh Sheet-cleaning apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5097764A (en) 1992-03-24
JPH0193356A (ja) 1989-04-12
JPH0466192B2 (fr) 1992-10-22
EP0299203A3 (en) 1990-03-28
EP0299203B1 (fr) 1993-10-13
ATE95759T1 (de) 1993-10-15
DE3723400C1 (de) 1989-02-23

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