EP0298981B1 - Systeme de contacts pour interrupteur a vide avec champ magnetique axial - Google Patents

Systeme de contacts pour interrupteur a vide avec champ magnetique axial Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0298981B1
EP0298981B1 EP87902049A EP87902049A EP0298981B1 EP 0298981 B1 EP0298981 B1 EP 0298981B1 EP 87902049 A EP87902049 A EP 87902049A EP 87902049 A EP87902049 A EP 87902049A EP 0298981 B1 EP0298981 B1 EP 0298981B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
arrangement according
radial
base material
contact body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87902049A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0298981A1 (fr
Inventor
Rüdiger HESS
Horst Kippenberg
Wilfried Kuhl
Wolfgang Schlenk
Ernst-Ludwig Hoene
Reiner Müller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19863610245 external-priority patent/DE3610245A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19863610242 external-priority patent/DE3610242A1/de
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0298981A1 publication Critical patent/EP0298981A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0298981B1 publication Critical patent/EP0298981B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6642—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having cup-shaped contacts, the cylindrical wall of which being provided with inclined slits to form a coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
    • H01H1/0206—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches containing as major components Cu and Cr

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a contact arrangement for vacuum switches with an axial magnetic field, the contact pieces of which contain disc-shaped contact bodies made of contact material as the base material, the contact bodies being soldered onto the contact carrier and, in order to reduce eddy currents, having radial areas which have a lower electrical conductivity than the base material.
  • DE-A-2 443 141 describes a contact arrangement in which there are four current conductors which run in the form of hooks radially and azimuthally to generate the axial magnetic field and the disk-shaped contact body is radially slotted to avoid eddy currents.
  • DE-A-3 231 593 a structure of a contact made of azimuthal current conductors is known, which are formed by multiple, same-way slitting of a pot contact onto which a contact disk provided with radial slots is soldered as a contact body.
  • EP-A-0 055 008 shows the course of current conductors for magnetic field formation, the current in the contact disk often running in a meandering manner in the arc plane and the contact body being divided into several parts by wide slots.
  • EP-A-0 155 584 and EP-A-0 052 371 assume the need for radial slots in the contact body in contact arrangements for vacuum switches with an axial magnetic field.
  • suitable current blocking bodies made of a material with high resistance, such as stainless steel and ceramic.
  • such blocking bodies would have to be introduced into the contact pieces with the actual contact body made of a CuFe or CuCo alloy and the underlying contact carrier of the same geometry, which consists of a CuPb or CuBi alloy is possible with great effort.
  • a disadvantage of the prior art is that because of the wide radial slots in the contact surface facing the arc, cathode base points preferably attach to the edges thereof, which can lead to reignitions due to thermal overheating. The same applies if the current blocking bodies for the replacement of the slots lead to macroscopic inhomogeneities on the switching side.
  • the slices of the disks can only be made up to about a third of the contact disk diameter in order to maintain the stability of the contact body. Because of the lack of slits in the central area of the contact pieces, the eddy currents flowing there remain fully effective.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide contact pieces for vacuum switches with an axial magnetic field, in which eddy currents and thus coupled axial residual magnetic fields are prevented in the zero current crossing without disturbing slots or other macroscopic inhomogeneities impairing the contact surface of the contact body.
  • Such contact bodies with means for suppressing eddy currents should be able to be produced in a simple manner using the known manufacturing technologies.
  • the object is achieved in that the radial areas starting from the rear of the contact body extend only over part of the thickness of the contact body, i.e. do not extend to the surface of their switching sides.
  • the radial regions can preferably be formed by grooves on the side facing away from the switching side of the contact piece.
  • the radial regions can also be diffusion zones of an additive that reduces the electrical conductivity of the contact material.
  • the diffusion zones can also originate from the grooves on the side facing away from the switching side of the contact piece.
  • the radial regions can also be fillings or molded parts made of a material with a lower conductivity than that of the base material.
  • a contact piece 1 of a vacuum switch comprises a pot-like contact carrier 2 with obliquely circumferential slot 3.
  • the mating contact piece 1 ' has in the corresponding contact carrier 2' a slot 3 'running in the same direction in the axial direction, so that an axial overall due to the current flow Magnetic field is generated.
  • For the contact carrier 2 or 2 ' is a contact pin 4 or 4' made of copper or the like. guided.
  • a disk-shaped contact body 10 or 10 'made of a suitable contact material for example a CuCr material with 50% Cr.
  • the contact body usually consists of a disk, into which slots are made radially from the circumference up to approximately two thirds of the center. The center of the pane cannot be slotted to ensure sufficient stability.
  • the contact body 10 shows the contact body 10 with its switching side 11 and its rear side 12. It can be seen that 15 ridges of lower electrical conductivity can be produced by radially running, wedge-shaped grooves milled in from the rear.
  • the wedge angle can be, for example, 10 to 90 '.
  • the wedge depth is dimensioned so that the disc 10 still has sufficient mechanical stability for the soldering process on the contact carrier 2 or 2 'and support body 5 or 5'.
  • the contact body 10 is expediently oriented azimuthally in such a way that the radial regions of the slits 3 and 3 'defined by the grooves 15 are correspondingly assigned to the contact carriers 2 and 2' according to FIG. 1.
  • star-shaped regions of lower electrical conductivity than those of the base material are produced in a contact body 20 with the switching side 21 and rear side 22 by local diffusion of suitable components.
  • the components for the diffusion zones have, for example for a CuCr contact material, for example iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti) or aluminum (AI), i.e. components which form a mixed crystal with copper and thus the Effectively reduce electrical conductivity, proven.
  • the diffusion zones are expediently delimited by masks.
  • the diffusion takes place from the rear side 22 of the contact piece 20.
  • a contact piece in the combination of FIGS. 2 and 3. Grooves are first introduced into the contact piece from the rear and the diffusion of the conductivity-reducing additive is effected from the base of the grooves.
  • grooves 15 according to FIG. 2 also have a semicircular profile 16 in their cross section, can have a rectangular profile 17 or a trapezoidal profile 18. Other shapes are also conceivable.
  • the grooves 16 to 18 can advantageously be the starting point for diffusion zones 25 according to FIG. 3.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show contact bodies 40 and 50 which are produced by the sintering impregnation process by impregnating a chrome structure with liquid copper.
  • the powder-metallurgical manufacturing process of such disks 40 and 50 enables radial regions, for example spoke-shaped or star-shaped, to be produced as webs from a material of lower conductivity than that of the base material, simultaneously with the production of the molded part.
  • segment-like powder regions of such materials are introduced into the powder bed, which lead to the desired regions of low conductivity in the subsequent impregnation process.
  • Different powders can be layered, for example, by means of sheets arranged in a star shape, which are removed after the filling process.
  • radial areas can be produced in a simple manner which - corresponding to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 described for diffusion zones - end below the buttons.
  • Radial segments can also be introduced from the circumference up to a predetermined position to the center of the circular disk. The limits can be parallel or radial. It is advisable to select the areas as narrowly as possible, but instead to select a larger number, for example eight or more, but at least four, in a circle-symmetrical manner over the pane.
  • radially extending powder fillings can be introduced directly into the molded body 20 with the switching side 21 and soldering side 22 according to FIG. 3, starting from the rear side 22 up to close to the switching side 21, each forming approximately bar-shaped webs 25 due to parallel boundaries and forming in the Cross the disc center.
  • the webs 25 define star-shaped or spoke-shaped areas and leave the contact surface 21 of the contact body 20 unchanged.
  • the different powder layers 44 and 55 can be present in such a way that the powders of the material for the radial areas of low conductivity either remain undissolved or else dissolved in the finished material.
  • the choice of material must ensure that there is no homogeneous solution in the impregnation metal.
  • Fe iron
  • the subsequent impregnation process from iron (Fe) powder leads to the Fe powder bodies being dissolved or dissolved, the Fe in the form of FeCr precipitating again on immediately adjacent Cr grains of the impregnation material.
  • areas 55 with poor electrical conductivity are introduced as narrow webs in a contact body 50.
  • the areas 54 made of base material are specifically separated by sheets, for example made of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al) or alloys thereof.
  • the sheets 55 can be inserted radially from the circumference into the powder bed for the compact, which can be achieved in a simple manner by suitably folded sheet metal strips.
  • the height of the sheet metal strip is chosen to be lower than the total thickness d of the contact disk.
  • the inserted webs 55 result in the desired webs of lower conductivity than that of the base material.
  • the outer region of the contact body 50 can then be turned off, so that the star-shaped structure of the webs formed by the plates 55 is created. However, a highly conductive central area 56 remains in the contact body 50.
  • the contact bodies 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 described in detail above can be easily soldered onto the contact carriers 2 or 2 'and the support bodies 5 or 5' of the contact pieces 1 or 1 'according to FIG. 1.
  • the different contact bodies are each appropriately oriented such that the radial areas of lower electrical conductivity are correspondingly assigned to the slot 3 or 3 'of the contact carrier 2 or 2'.
  • the invention was described above using a CuCr base material with 30 to 60% chromium as the contact material. Contacts can also be produced according to the invention with other contact material systems, for example based on CuW or CuMo.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)

Abstract

Eléments de contact pour interrupteur à vide avec champ magnétique axial se présentant sous la forme par exemple de contacts à cuve pourvus de fentes dans le même sens, qui portent un corps de contact discoïde et possèdent des moyens de suppression des courants parasites. A cet effet, il est connu notamment d'incorporer des fentes radiales dans l'élément de contact. Les éléments de contact ci-décrits (10, 20, 30, 50) possèdent, au moins sur leur partie arrière, des zones radiales (15, 25, 35, 45, 55) qui présentent une conductivité électrique notablement inférieure à celle du matériau de base. Ces zones radiales peuvent être soit des rainures (15 à 18) ménagées sur la face arrière (12) du corps de contact (10), soit des régions de diffusion (25, 35) d'additifs réduisant la conductivité électrique du matériau de base, ou encore une combinaison des deux. Dans le cas de corps de contacts (40, 50) produits par métallurgie des poudres, il est également possible d'incorporer les régions radiales, lors de la fabrication sous forme de parties remplies (45) ou d'éléments moulés (55) dans un matériau présentant une conductivité électrique inférieure à celle du matériau de base.

Claims (14)

1. Arrangement de contacts pour des interrupteurs à vide avec un champ magnétique axial, dont les pièces de contact (1, 1') comportent des corps de contact (10, 10', 20, 20', 30, 30', 40, 40', 50, 50') de la forme de disques et réalisées avec un matériau à contact en tant que matériau de base, les corps de contact (10, 10', 20, 20', 30, 30', 40, 40', 50, 50') étant soudés sur des supports de contact (2, 2') et présentant, en vue de réduire les courants de Foucault, des zones (15, 25, 35, 45, 55), s'étendant radialement et qui possèdent une conductibilité électrique inférieure à celle du matériau de base, caractérisé par le fait que les zones radiales (15, 25, 35, 45, 55), en partant de la face postérieure des corps de contact (10, 10', 20, 20', 30, 30', 40, 40', 50, 50'), ne s'étendent que sur une partie de l'épaisseur (d) des corps de contact (10, 10', 20, 20', 30, 30', 40, 40', 50, 50'), c'est-à-dire ne s'étendent pas jusqu'à la surface de leurs côtés de commutation (11,21,31,41,51).
2. Arrangement de contacts selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les zones radiales (15, 25, 35, 45, 55) sont étroites par rapport aux segments de cercle se trouvant entre lesdites zones radiales, et sont constituées par le matériau de base et, qu'au moins quatre zones radiales (15, 25, 35, 45, 55) sont réparties dans le corps de contacts (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) suivant une symétrie circulaire.
3. Arrangement de contacts selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les différentes zones possèdent soit des délimitations parallèles et forment, dans le corps de contact (10, 20, 30, 50) des barrettes (15, 25, 35, 55) en forme de poutres, ou que les différentes zones possèdent des délimitations radiales et forment, dans le corps de contact (40) des coins (45) à surfaces de base de la forme d'un secteur de cercle.
4. Arrangement de contacts selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les zones radiales (35, 45, 55), en partant de la périphérie du corps de contact (30, 40, 50), s'étendent assez loin pour que subsiste une zone centrale (36, 46, 56) ayant une conductibilité électrique élevée et continue.
5. Arrangement de contacts selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les zones radiales sont formées par des gorges (15) ménagées sur le côté (12) qui est éloigné de la surface de commutation (11) du corps de contact, lesdites gorges (15) présentant, en coupe transversale, un profil triangulaire (15), rectangulaire (17, 18) ou un profil demi-rond (16).
6. Arrangement de contacts selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les zones radiales (25, 35) sont des zones de diffusion d'additions dans le matériau de base des corps de contact, qui réduisent, en raison de la formation de cristaux mixtes, la conductibilité électrique du matériau de base, étant noté que les additions sont diffusées à partir du côté (22) qui se situe en face du côté de commutation (21) du corps de contact (20) et que la profondeur de diffusion est au moins égale à 50% de l'épaisseur (d) du corps de contact (20), mais inférieure à l'épaisseur totale de ce dernier.
7. Arrangement de contacts selon les revendications 5 et 6, caractérisé par le fait que les zones radiales sont formées par des gorges {15) ménagées sur le côté qui se situe en face du côté de commutation du corps de contact (10), ainsi que par des zones de diffusion (25) qui partent de ces gorges, et qui, à partir du fond des gorges (15) atteignent au moins 50% de l'épaisseur résiduelle du corps de contact (10), mais moins que l'épaisseur totale de ce dernier.
8. Arrangement de contacts selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le corps de contact (40, 50) est une pièce moulée, fabriquée en métallurgie des poudres, et comporte, en partant de sa face postérieure, des zones radiales (45, 55) en un matériau possédant une conductibilité électrique notablement inférieure à celle du matériau de base.
9. Arrangement de contacts selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que les zones radiales (45) sont comblées avec une poudre d'un matériau ayant une conductibilité électrique faible, par exemple avec des matériaux métalliques ou avec des substances isolantes.
10. Arrangement de contacts selon la revendication 8, caractérisé parle fait que des éléments conformés (55), par exemple des tôles, en un matériau possédant une conductibilité électrique notablement plus faible que celle du matériau de base, sont introduits dans les corps de contact (50).
11. Arrangement de contacts selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les corps de contact (10, 20, 30) sont de préférence constitués par un matériau à base de CuCr, avec une teneur massique en chrome située entre 30 et 60%, de préférence de 50%.
12. Arrangement de contacts selon la revendication 6 ou la revendication 7, caractérisé par le fait que l'addition qui réduit la conductibilité électrique du matériau de base par diffusion est l'un des éléments fer (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), aluminium (AI), titane (Ti), zirconium (Zr), antimoine (Sb), étain (Sn), silicium (Si), ou une combinaison de ces éléments.
13. Arrangement de contacts selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait que les matériaux métalliques pour le remplissage des zones radiales (45) ménagées dans le corps de contact (40) fabriqué en métallurgie des poudres, sont le fer (Fe), le cobalt (Co), le nickel (Ni), le silicium (Si), le titane (Ti) ou le zirconium (Zr), ou des combinaisons ou des alliages de ces éléments.
14. Arrangement de contacts selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait que les substances isolantes pour remplir ou combler les zones radiales (45) ménagées dans le corps de contact (40) qui est fabriqué en métallurgie des poudres, sont des matériaux céramiques, comme, par exemple Si02, Zr02, AI203, ou des carbures, comme par exemple SiC ou TiC.
EP87902049A 1986-03-26 1987-03-20 Systeme de contacts pour interrupteur a vide avec champ magnetique axial Expired - Lifetime EP0298981B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863610245 DE3610245A1 (de) 1986-03-26 1986-03-26 Kontaktanordnung fuer vakuumschalter mit axialem magnetfeld und verfahren zur herstellung der zugehoerigen kontaktstuecke
DE3610245 1986-03-26
DE19863610242 DE3610242A1 (de) 1986-03-26 1986-03-26 Kontaktanordnung fuer vakuumschalter mit axialem magnetfeld und verfahren zur herstellung der zugehoerigen kontaktstuecke
DE3610242 1986-03-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0298981A1 EP0298981A1 (fr) 1989-01-18
EP0298981B1 true EP0298981B1 (fr) 1990-07-11

Family

ID=25842359

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87902049A Expired - Lifetime EP0298981B1 (fr) 1986-03-26 1987-03-20 Systeme de contacts pour interrupteur a vide avec champ magnetique axial

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4935588A (fr)
EP (1) EP0298981B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01502546A (fr)
DE (1) DE3763668D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1987006052A1 (fr)

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DE4121685C2 (de) * 1991-06-29 2002-10-31 Alstom Vakuumschalttechnik Gmb Vakuumschaltkammer
JPH05159851A (ja) * 1991-12-06 1993-06-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 高電流密度グロー放電スイッチ
JP2861757B2 (ja) * 1992-11-10 1999-02-24 三菱電機株式会社 真空バルブの電極装置
US5461205A (en) * 1994-03-07 1995-10-24 Eaton Corporation Electrode stem for axial magnetic field vacuum interrupters
DE19809306A1 (de) * 1998-03-05 1999-09-09 Abb Patent Gmbh Kontaktstück für eine Vakuumkammer und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Kontaktstückes
FR2808617B1 (fr) * 2000-05-02 2002-06-28 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Ampoule a vide notamment pour un appareil de protection electrique tel un interrupteur ou un disjoncteur
CN1145997C (zh) * 2001-02-28 2004-04-14 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 集成化电力开关触头
CN1156863C (zh) * 2001-02-28 2004-07-07 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 集成化电力开关触头的制造方法
JP2003031066A (ja) * 2001-07-17 2003-01-31 Hitachi Ltd 電極、その製造方法、遮断器、その加工方法及び生産物
KR100454697B1 (ko) * 2001-09-12 2004-11-03 가부시키 가이샤 메이덴샤 진공 차단기용 접촉자 및 상기 접촉자를 이용하는 진공차단기
US6747233B1 (en) 2001-12-28 2004-06-08 Abb Technology Ag Non-linear magnetic field distribution in vacuum interrupter contacts
DE602007010665D1 (de) * 2006-12-15 2010-12-30 Abb Research Ltd Kontaktelement
CN102714111B (zh) * 2010-01-20 2014-11-12 三菱电机株式会社 真空管
JP2011242879A (ja) * 2010-05-14 2011-12-01 Panasonic Corp 接続装置
US9640353B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-05-02 Thomas & Betts International Llc Axial magnetic field coil for vacuum interrupter
GB2552839A (en) * 2016-08-12 2018-02-14 The General Electric Company Improvements to vacuum switching device contacts
US10643808B2 (en) * 2018-10-09 2020-05-05 S&C Electric Company Vacuum switching devices
DE102021210646A1 (de) * 2021-09-23 2023-03-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Kontaktträger für Vakuumschalter, Vakuumschalter sowie Herstellungsverfahren für einen Kontaktträger

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US3327081A (en) * 1964-11-25 1967-06-20 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Contact with high resistance material insert
FR2279216A1 (fr) * 1973-09-10 1976-02-13 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Interrupteur a vide a champ magnetique
JPS52150571A (en) * 1976-06-09 1977-12-14 Hitachi Ltd Vacuum breaker electrode
JPS5784530A (en) * 1980-11-17 1982-05-26 Hitachi Ltd Vacuum breaker
EP0055008B1 (fr) * 1980-12-22 1985-12-11 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Interrupteur à vide
DE3231593A1 (de) * 1982-08-25 1984-03-01 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Kontaktanordnung fuer vakuumschalter
JPS60189126A (ja) * 1984-03-07 1985-09-26 株式会社東芝 真空遮断器とその処理方法
DE3422949A1 (de) * 1984-06-19 1985-12-19 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Vakuumschaltroehre mit einer spule zum erzeugen eines magnetfeldes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1987006052A1 (fr) 1987-10-08
DE3763668D1 (de) 1990-08-16
JPH01502546A (ja) 1989-08-31
US4935588A (en) 1990-06-19
EP0298981A1 (fr) 1989-01-18

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