EP0292469B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung heisschemischer Prozesse - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung heisschemischer Prozesse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0292469B1
EP0292469B1 EP88890123A EP88890123A EP0292469B1 EP 0292469 B1 EP0292469 B1 EP 0292469B1 EP 88890123 A EP88890123 A EP 88890123A EP 88890123 A EP88890123 A EP 88890123A EP 0292469 B1 EP0292469 B1 EP 0292469B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavern
melting
bars
gas
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88890123A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0292469A1 (de
Inventor
Wilhelm Stadlbauer
Erwin Dr. Koch
Franz Dipl.-Ing. Zauner
Rudolf Dipl.-Ing. Rinesch
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Kht Know-How-Trading Patentverwertung GmbH
Original Assignee
Kht Know-How-Trading Patentverwertung GmbH
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Filing date
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Publication of EP0292469A1 publication Critical patent/EP0292469A1/de
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Publication of EP0292469B1 publication Critical patent/EP0292469B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/02—Obtaining aluminium with reducing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
    • C22B4/005—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys using plasma jets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/16—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes with volatilisation or condensation of the metal being produced
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/22—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
    • C22B9/226—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation by electric discharge, e.g. plasma

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and to an apparatus for carrying out hot-chemical processes, in particular a melt and / or melt reduction of batches from metallurgical dusts, ores and other materials which can be melted and / or melted, such as e.g. SiO2, MgO, TiO2, Ta2O5 or the corresponding metals, at working temperatures above the melting temperature of the refractory lining.
  • hot-chemical processes in particular a melt and / or melt reduction of batches from metallurgical dusts, ores and other materials which can be melted and / or melted, such as e.g. SiO2, MgO, TiO2, Ta2O5 or the corresponding metals, at working temperatures above the melting temperature of the refractory lining.
  • the present invention has now set itself the task of a method and an apparatus for carrying out hot chemical processes, in particular a melt and / or melt reduction of mixtures of metallurgical dusts, ores and other, meltable and / or melt-reducible materials, such as e.g. To provide SiO2, MgO, TiO2, Ta2O5 or the corresponding metals, with or with which hot-chemical processes can be carried out in temperature ranges that are far above the melting temperature of known refractory bricks. At the same time, hot-chemical-physical reactions should be mastered safely without having to accept a process-technical restriction of the reaction temperatures. Furthermore, as a significant advantage over previously known methods, considerable energy savings and the greatest possible prevention of dust discharge with the exhaust gases are to be achieved.
  • the mixture to be melted and / or reduced is pressed into blocks with a defined composition, and these are formed around a radiation source having a longitudinal extension, with the formation of a defined cavity geometry high energy density are arranged and the defined cavern geometry is maintained by radially advancing the batch blocks against the centrally arranged radiation source in accordance with the course of the melting and / or melting reduction process.
  • the batch pressed into blocks thus simultaneously represents the reaction medium and the “lining” of the metallurgical reaction vessel.
  • the blocks are pressed in such a way that the cavity geometry around the radiation source, for example a plasma torch, remains constant.
  • the batch blocks are advanced radially against the centrally arranged radiation source to the extent that the melting and / or melting reduction process takes place.
  • the plasma torch is held within the cavern by suitable measures, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • Guide elements are preferably used for the exact supply of the batch blocks to the energy source.
  • the feed material which has been brought into a block form is expediently dried, a certain dimensional stability and cold pressure resistance of the blocks having to be maintained on account of the requirements of the feed system.
  • the procedure can advantageously be as follows, for example from the starting materials shown in the table below:
  • the feedstocks listed in Table 1 are expediently mixed well with about 9% by weight of water, pressed into blocks of a suitable size and then dried.
  • the dried blocks are arranged radially around a central radiation source with the help of guiding elements which ensure an exact supply of the batch blocks, a cavern with a defined geometry being formed around this radiation source, for example a plasma torch.
  • the plasma torch can be designed in the manner described in AT-PS 376 702. After igniting the plasma torch emanating from a graphite electrode using argon gas, the argon is used to introduce hydrocarbons and / or finely dispersed graphitin into the plasma torch.
  • the carbon (graphite) is converted into the gas phase by the high plasma temperature and the reduction process is accelerated by ionization of the carbon gas. Furthermore, the burn-up of the graphite electrodes is largely held back by the highly ionized carbon gas atmosphere.
  • the batch blocks surrounding the plasma torch in a cavernous manner begin to melt. As the blocks melt, they are pushed in from the outside so that the geometry of the caverns remains the same. During the melting process, the hot chemical reaction of a direct reduction takes place at the same time.
  • the heavy metal components contained in the feed material evaporate in the process taking place and can for the most part be condensed in a gas exhaust hood or in condenser elements installed in the gas exhaust pipe.
  • the liquid iron produced in this process can be tapped continuously, and the slag produced is also continuously drained off.
  • the method according to the invention is also suitable for smelting of sludge resulting from iron ore extraction, for example from the sludge resulting from Erzberg in Styria, Austria.
  • Table 2 below shows the average values of the sludge analysis of iron ore:
  • this feed material can be pressed into appropriate blocks and fed to the smelting reduction according to the invention in the process described above.
  • the relevant design and maintenance of the cavern geometry during the entire process is of essential importance for the execution of the method according to the invention.
  • a particularly interesting application is the method according to the invention for the direct reduction of bauxite to metallic aluminum.
  • finely ground bauxite is mixed well with carbon in accordance with the stoichiometric requirements and is pressed and dried in the blocks described above and dried in this way and brought to the radiation source that a defined cavern geometry arises and is maintained in the course of the further reactions.
  • the plasma torch is ignited, the bauxite mixture is melted on the surface, the iron xoid being reduced first and collecting in the collecting vessel to form an iron sump which is saturated with aluminum and enriched with carbon.
  • Al4C3 decomposes into metallic aluminum and carbon in the form of graphite, corresponding to Al4C3 ⁇ 4 Al + 3C.
  • the procedure is advantageously as follows:
  • the initially obtained as a melt flow (melt mullite) Al2O3 is driven under the action of the hot gas (CO / H2 gas) towards a refining vessel, with the formation of aluminum carbide and its subsequent disproportionation.
  • Remaining, unreacted Al2O3 melt is in turn returned to the reaction zone in order to achieve complete conversion.
  • metallic aluminum with a maximum carbon content of 0.05%, a silicon content of about 1%, a titanium content of about 1% and a further contamination with iron of a maximum of 1.8% is tapped. From the below iron, which is saturated with aluminum and enriched with carbon, is continuously drawn off from the reaction basin located in the reaction zone.
  • the plasma torch is held within the cavern in the method according to the invention.
  • This task can only be solved unsatisfactorily with conventional plasma torch technology.
  • This conventional technology provides that a plasma torch is built up between two electrodes, a top and a bottom electrode, and / or between a top and two or three side electrodes.
  • the plasma torch can burn out a cavern on one side within the furnace, since it cannot be guided in a controlled manner.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention now makes it possible to achieve the above-mentioned task of precisely maintaining the energy input and controlled guidance of the plasma torch within the defined cavern by the fact that between the main electrode, the head electrode, which extends into the cavern, and a number of Radial electrodes (a to h), which are arranged directly under the cavern, the plasma torch is ignited.
  • the radial electrodes are charged with a base load for ionizing the gas atmosphere by means of thyristor control, while the main load is distributed over the thyristors via thermocouples, which are attached to the front edge of the control system, in such a way that the uniform melting rate within the cavern surface is ensured.
  • a further, advantageous embodiment provides that the melted material which is collected in the collecting vessel, via a bottom electrode arranged in the collecting vessel, which is controlled via a bath temperature measurement, can also get an energy input from the radial electrodes so that the bath temperature can be kept constant.
  • the present invention relates to a device for carrying out the method described at the outset with a centrally arranged cavity of defined geometry formed by blocks of meltable and / or melt-reducing batch, radially arranged guide elements for feeding the batch blocks to the center, one below arranged in the cavern, with vents for the molten metal and the liquid slag, a central electrode arrangement, a cover arranged above the cavern, a gas exhaust hood and a gas exhaust pipe.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section through an embodiment of the device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a top view of this device
  • 3 and 4 represent a cross section or a top view of a further device according to the invention which is particularly suitable for the direct reduction of bauxite.
  • FIG. 5 a further embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in a schematic diagram, with which embodiment the Energy input exactly adhered to and the plasma torch can be guided within the defined cavern in a controlled manner.
  • the cavern 1 is formed by the mixture to be melted and / or melt-reducing, which is supplied in the form of pressed blocks 11 from the outside radially inwards.
  • the radially arranged guide elements 2 ensure an exact feed of the batch blocks to the center.
  • the receptacle 3 under the cavern 1 there are the fume cupboards for the molten metal and for the liquid slag at suitable points.
  • 4 denotes the upper electrode
  • the lower electrode 10 is arranged on the bottom of the collecting vessel 3.
  • 5 represents the top cover of the reaction vessel
  • 6 and 7 are the exhaust hood and the exhaust pipe, respectively. 8 and 9 each designate a connecting channel which leads from the collecting vessel 3 to another collecting vessel (3 '), FIG.
  • FIG. 1 serving as a refining vessel, or to two such collecting vessels (3', 3 "), FIG. 4, which are also connected to one another by a channel (9).
  • FIG upper or head electrode 4 on the required power and gas supply and can be moved with a carriage or the like in the vertical direction.
  • a number of radial electrodes (a to h) are arranged in a horizontal plane, which can be moved forwards and backwards in the radial direction and are preferably rotatable about the respective radius.
  • a bottom electrode 10 can be provided in the collecting vessel below the cavern 1.
  • the Fe2O3 can be reduced to Fe not only via the detour via Fe3O4 and FeO, but directly via the melt flow Fe2O3 to Fe, whereby the presence of a favorable mixture gap can be exploited where iron in pure form without contamination by carbon, silicon, manganese, Phosphorus etc. is obtained and is in equilibrium with liquid Fe2O3, see ULLMANN'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY, 4th edition, volume 10, page 334.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
EP88890123A 1987-05-18 1988-05-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung heisschemischer Prozesse Expired - Lifetime EP0292469B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0125887A AT387986B (de) 1987-05-18 1987-05-18 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung heisschemischer prozesse
AT1258/87 1987-05-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0292469A1 EP0292469A1 (de) 1988-11-23
EP0292469B1 true EP0292469B1 (de) 1993-02-03

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EP88890123A Expired - Lifetime EP0292469B1 (de) 1987-05-18 1988-05-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung heisschemischer Prozesse

Country Status (16)

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US (1) US4985067A (xx)
EP (1) EP0292469B1 (xx)
JP (1) JPH02501074A (xx)
CN (1) CN1016971B (xx)
AT (2) AT387986B (xx)
AU (1) AU607768B2 (xx)
DD (1) DD271717A5 (xx)
DE (1) DE3878036D1 (xx)
DK (1) DK17489A (xx)
FI (1) FI890244A0 (xx)
IL (1) IL86404A (xx)
NZ (1) NZ224688A (xx)
PH (1) PH26880A (xx)
PT (1) PT87518B (xx)
WO (1) WO1988009390A1 (xx)
ZA (1) ZA883448B (xx)

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EP2589672A1 (de) * 2011-11-03 2013-05-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Lichtbogenofens
KR102540460B1 (ko) 2017-07-31 2023-06-12 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 와이어 및 케이블 절연 층 및 재킷 층을 위한 수분 경화성 조성물

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1433351A1 (de) * 1967-04-19 1968-11-28 Rlieinstahl Exp U Industrieanl OElschmelzofen fuer die Verhuettung von Eisenerzen
US3565602A (en) * 1968-05-21 1971-02-23 Kobe Steel Ltd Method of producing an alloy from high melting temperature reactive metals
FR2088946A5 (en) * 1970-04-30 1972-01-07 Heurtey Sa Reduction process - for metal oxides
DE2110274C2 (de) * 1971-03-04 1973-01-04 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Vorrichtung zum Einschmelzen von Metallschwamm durch inerte Gasplasmen
US4033757A (en) * 1975-09-05 1977-07-05 Reynolds Metals Company Carbothermic reduction process
SU825644A1 (ru) * 1978-06-20 1981-04-30 Vnii Avtom Chernoj Metallurg СИСТЕМА АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОГО КОНТРОЛЯПАРАМЕТРОВ ГАЗОРАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПО РАДИУСУ КОЛОШНИКА ДОМЕННОЙ ПЕЧИ101Изобретение относитс к металлургии черных и цветных металлов и может быть использовано в системах, управл емых вычислительными устройствами, прецназ— наченными цл автоматического контрол газораспределени по радиусу колошника доменных печей.Известно устройство дл автоматического отбора проб газа по радиусу домен?-- ной печи и их анализа, содержащее зонд, предназначенный дл отбора проб газа, механизм перемещени этого зонда во внутрь шахты печи, гибкий шпанг дл передачи проб газа к коллектору. Устройство работает периодически. Каждые два часа зонд вводитс в печь по радиусу колошника дл последовательного отбора .проб газа в нескольких точках радиуса. Перва проба отбираетс из центра печи, а последн с периферии. Пробы газа, отобранные из шахты, передаютс через гибкий шланг и систему трубопроводов на анализ fl].20Недостаток этого устройства — невозможность ввода зонда в печь и отбора проб газа автоматически по нужной прог— .рамме.Известна также система, предназначенна дл контрол распределени газового потока в доменной печи. Эта система содержит амбразуру и зонд дл одновременного отбора проб газа по радиусу доменной печи и измерени его температуры при помощи термопары, трубу дл отбора и передачи проб газа на анализ, механизм перемещени зонда во внутрь шахты печи, пульт местного управлени механизма перемещени зонда, воздухораспределитель, емкости дл хранени проб газа, газоанализатор, управл ющий комплекс с мнемосхемой и пультом управлени н прибор дл регистрации параметров газа н температуры. Зонд- с термопарой и трубой дл отбора проб газа вводитс в шахту доменной печи до центра с последующим выводом и остановками в заданных точках радиуса. При продвижении зонда во
SU825664A1 (ru) * 1978-10-18 1981-04-30 Предприятие П/Я Г-4696 СПОСОБ ЗАГРУЗКИ МАТЕРИАЛОВВ РУДНОТЕРМИЧЕСКУТО ЭЛЕКТРОПЕЧЬ10IИзобретение относитс к черной и цветной металлургии, конкретно к производству ферросплавов.Известен способ загрузки материалов в руднотермическую электропечь, включающий загрузку шихты с более высоким электросопротивлением относительно основной в полости, образующиес вокруг электродов. Способ эффективен дл руднотермических электропечей с распадом электродов, равным 2,2-2,8 их диаметров [^Q.Недостаток известного способа заключен в том, что при распадах электродов, равных 3,5-10 их диаметров, главным местом утечки тока вл етс не область между электродами, а под-, электродное пространство. Поэтому предпочтительно подать шихту с более высоким, электросопротивлением не в jg полости, образующейс у электродов, а в межэлектродное пространство. Кроме того подача шихты непосредственно в образующуюс полость при увеличен-1Sных распадах электродов приводит к трудности набора электрической нагрузки и к захолаживанию подэлектрод- ного плавильного тигл .Цель изобретени - увеличение мощности печи за счет повышени напр жени на электродах.Цель достигаетс тем, что шихту загружают вокруг электродов на площадь, внешн граница которой удалена от поверхности электрода на рассто нии 1,0-4,2 его диаметра, а в межэлектродное пространство загружают слой окисла.Сущность предлагаемого заключена в создании в межэлектродном пространстве за пределами рабочих тиглей перегородок из основных или кислых окислов. На примере получени ферросилици с 45% кремни экспериментально определено изменение допустимых значений напр жений на электродах при различных диаметрах распада электродов. Опыты проведены в
AT375960B (de) * 1982-12-07 1984-09-25 Voest Alpine Ag Verfahren und einrichtung zur herstellung von metallen, insbesondere von fluessigem roheisen, stahlvormaterial oder ferrolegierungen
EP0118655B1 (de) * 1982-12-22 1988-03-02 VOEST-ALPINE Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Durchführung von metallurgischen oder chemischen Prozessen und Niederschachtofen
SU1148885A1 (ru) * 1983-11-18 1985-04-07 Сибирский ордена Трудового Красного Знамени металлургический институт им.Серго Орджоникидзе Способ выплавки металлического марганца

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DD271717A5 (de) 1989-09-13
ATA125887A (de) 1988-09-15
IL86404A (en) 1991-12-12
JPH02501074A (ja) 1990-04-12
ZA883448B (en) 1989-02-22
CN1016971B (zh) 1992-06-10
PT87518B (pt) 1992-09-30
DE3878036D1 (de) 1993-03-18
PT87518A (pt) 1989-05-31
DK17489D0 (da) 1989-01-16
EP0292469A1 (de) 1988-11-23
ATE85368T1 (de) 1993-02-15
FI890244A (fi) 1989-01-17
AU607768B2 (en) 1991-03-14
AU1726188A (en) 1988-12-21
FI890244A0 (fi) 1989-01-17
PH26880A (en) 1992-11-16
DK17489A (da) 1989-03-08
CN88103911A (zh) 1988-12-14
WO1988009390A1 (en) 1988-12-01
AT387986B (de) 1989-04-10
IL86404A0 (en) 1988-11-15
US4985067A (en) 1991-01-15
NZ224688A (en) 1990-09-26

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