EP0286077A2 - Procédé pour la combustion de déchets - Google Patents

Procédé pour la combustion de déchets Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0286077A2
EP0286077A2 EP88105522A EP88105522A EP0286077A2 EP 0286077 A2 EP0286077 A2 EP 0286077A2 EP 88105522 A EP88105522 A EP 88105522A EP 88105522 A EP88105522 A EP 88105522A EP 0286077 A2 EP0286077 A2 EP 0286077A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
combustion
flue gas
flue gases
secondary air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88105522A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0286077B2 (fr
EP0286077A3 (en
EP0286077B1 (fr
Inventor
Sedat Dipl.-Ing. Temelli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AWG ABFALLWIRTSCHAFTSGESELLSCHAFT MIT BESCHRAENKTE
Original Assignee
Awg Abfallwirtschaftsgesellschaft Wuppertal mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=25854498&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0286077(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE19873712039 external-priority patent/DE3712039A1/de
Application filed by Awg Abfallwirtschaftsgesellschaft Wuppertal mbH filed Critical Awg Abfallwirtschaftsgesellschaft Wuppertal mbH
Priority to AT88105522T priority Critical patent/ATE70611T1/de
Publication of EP0286077A2 publication Critical patent/EP0286077A2/fr
Publication of EP0286077A3 publication Critical patent/EP0286077A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0286077B1 publication Critical patent/EP0286077B1/fr
Publication of EP0286077B2 publication Critical patent/EP0286077B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air above the fire

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for incinerating, in particular refuse, in which substances to be incinerated are introduced into a combustion chamber and burned on a fire grate in the combustion chamber, and the flue gases are drawn off from the combustion chamber, these being swirled by adding secondary air and afterburning the Flue gases occur.
  • Such a method and a suitable combustion boiler are known for example from DE-PS 30 38 875.
  • the transition from the combustion chamber to the flue gas outlet is constricted by nose-shaped projections of the walls of the combustion chamber which are formed on opposite sides.
  • secondary air is injected, whereby the flue gases are swirled in order to mix the flue gas strands created in the combustion chamber and thereby prevent caking on the oblique wall surfaces of the noses.
  • the exhausting flue gases still contain a high level of pollutants, in particular halogenated hydrocarbons, which is why such incineration plants no longer meet the air quality requirements to be expected in the future.
  • the present invention is based on the object, starting from a method of the type described above, to improve it in such a way that such guidance and mixing of the flue gases is possible that a considerably improved degradation of the pollutants contained in the flue gases, in particular the halogenated hydrocarbons, is effected.
  • this is achieved in that the secondary air is injected over the entire flow cross section of the flue gases before the flue gases enter the afterburning zone in such a way that the flue gases are braked in a uniform temperature zone of the combustion chamber in the exhaust direction in front of the injection zone.
  • a flue gas build-up is brought about within the combustion chamber, so that the dwell time of the flue gases in the combustion chamber is increased. This smoke gas accumulation takes place in an area of the combustion chamber where there is an approximately uniform temperature level of 900 ° C to 1050 ° C.
  • the complete swirling of the flue gas being caused at the same time as the flue gas accumulation causing the strands of flue gas to dissolve completely before entering the afterburning zone.
  • a uniform temperature zone can form within the combustion chamber, since this is the only way to achieve targeted control and thus optimization by means of a defined injection of the secondary air into a defined combustion area. It is advantageous according to the invention if the flue gases remain for about 8 seconds.
  • the secondary air is preferably injected into the combustion chamber at a flow rate of approximately 60 to 90 m / s.
  • the afterburning of the flue gases takes place by accelerating and decelerating the flue gases following the injection zone of the secondary air.
  • This post-combustion process which is advantageously implemented by a venturi-like constriction of the flue gas discharge cross-section behind the injection area of the secondary air, brings about an additional deceleration of the flue gases before entering the post-combustion zone, which supports the deceleration in the combustion chamber caused by injection of the secondary air. It is known from DE-OS 31 25 429 to use venturi-like afterburning zones.
  • the present invention relates to a combustion boiler, in particular for waste incineration, consisting of a combustion chamber with a fire grate and with a task arranged above the fire grate, the combustion chamber having a throttle in its upper area opposite the fire grate and pointing in the direction of a flue gas outlet, and wherein in the area of the throttling there is an air injection device which has a plurality of nozzle openings, in particular for carrying out the above-mentioned method according to the invention, the injection device for the secondary air in the flow direction of the flue gases being arranged directly in front of the throttle valve-shaped, symmetrical to the axis of the flue gas discharge, and the nozzle openings point towards the firebox.
  • a combustion boiler 1 according to the invention in particular a waste incineration boiler, as shown in FIG. 1, consists of a combustion chamber 2, in the bottom of which a combustion grate 3 is arranged.
  • this is a roller grate that slopes downwards at an angle to the horizontal.
  • the roller grate consists of six rollers arranged one behind the other and running parallel to one another.
  • Below the combustion grate 3 there are feeds 4 for feeding cold combustion air, so-called primary air, into the combustion zone 5 surrounding the grate 3.
  • the feeds 4 fed through the feeds Combustion air is drawn in from the waste bunker by an underwind fan. This suction is carried out so that the dust load of the sucked air is as low as possible.
  • the air is preferably taken directly from the bunker wall on the boiler house side. Appropriate measures ensure that the intake noise only slightly increases the noise level in the bunker.
  • the primary air intake ducts are provided with sufficiently large and easily accessible cleaning openings at the dust accumulation points.
  • In the combustion chamber 2 opens above the upper end of the combustion grate 3, seen in the direction of transport of the waste, see arrow X, a waste task 6.
  • the outlet 7 of the waste task 6 widens over inclined surfaces 8, 9 in the fire chamber 2.
  • the fire chamber 2 above the Combustion grate 3 consists of a lower section 2a, which is formed above the lower end of the grate in the region of an opening 10 forming the boiler outlet and the two lower rollers of the roller grate, so that this section is located approximately in the lower third of the combustion grate 3 and of one Ceiling wall 11, which runs parallel to the grate 3, is limited at the top.
  • the height of the section 2a above the combustion grate 3, ie above the rollers, corresponds approximately to the diameter of the rollers.
  • the zone corresponds approximately to the cooling zone of the combustion slag.
  • the combustion chamber 2 widens upwards and opens into a flue gas outlet 12, the width of the flue gas outlet 12 corresponding approximately to half the length of the grate 3 and, in the exemplary embodiment shown, being approximately 5 m, for example, in adaptation the desired combustion output of the combustion boiler 1 according to the invention.
  • the approximately horizontal connection opening 13 between the combustion chamber 2 and the flue gas outlet 12 is located directly above the mouth of the waste task 6 and forms a flow cross section symmetrical to the axis of the flue gas discharge.
  • the combustion chamber 2 has a rear wall 14, which extends vertically upward from the ceiling wall 11 and extends directly into the rear wall 15 of the flue gas outlet 12.
  • the front wall 16 of the flue gas outlet 12 runs parallel to the rear wall 15 and extends upwards from the end of the inclined surface 9, which adjoins the waste application 6.
  • the area of the flue gas outlet 12 directly in the flow direction of the flue gases behind the connection opening 13 has a throttle 17, which is also symmetrical to the flue gas outlet axis and, in the advantageous exemplary embodiment shown, is designed like a venturi tube.
  • This venturi tube-like zone 17 represents an afterburning chamber in which the flue gas mixture first accelerates to approximately 8 to 10 m / s and then reduces its speed to approximately 4 to 5 m / s. This results in relative movements within the flue gas flow, so that the flue gas and temperature strands are mixed intensively. This results in an improved combustion of the flue gas mixture and thus an increased breakdown of the residual pollutants contained therein, in particular the halogenated residual hydrocarbons contained therein (e.g. dioxins).
  • the smooth-faced and relatively high design of the combustion chamber 2 with a preferably rectangular or square cross section above the drying and combustion zone of the combustion grate 3 without projections and noses prevents caking from occurring.
  • the configuration according to the invention enables a uniform flow of the flue gases and the formation of defined combustion zones, as a result of which the combustion behavior is improved in the sense of a uniform combustion.
  • an injection device 18 for further supply air is provided within the connection opening 13 between the combustion chamber 2 and the flue gas outlet 12, ie before entering the venturi tube-like zone 17.
  • This supply air supplied via the injection device 18 is referred to below as secondary air.
  • the injection device 18 is designed in such a way that the air jets emerging from it form a quasi-seamless grid, so that no streak of flue gas can penetrate this area without coming into intensive contact with the injected secondary air.
  • this injection device 18 consists of a nozzle bar which extends transversely to the direction of the flue gas flow from the front to the rear of the flue gas outlet 12 and is mounted in the walls.
  • nozzle bar 18 Depending on the size of the cross section of the connection opening 13, two or more spaced, parallel nozzle bars 18 can also be provided.
  • a nozzle bar 18 according to the invention consists of a pressure-resistant, heat-resistant material and preferably has an approximately square or circular cross section, nozzle openings 19 being formed in two adjacent sides and arranged in a line arrangement in the box sides 20, 21.
  • a nozzle bar is known per se from DE-PS 30 38 875, but in the present invention it counteracts precisely sets to the direction of action according to DE-PS 30 38 875.
  • the nozzle bar 18 is arranged such that the box sides 20, 21 having the nozzle opening 19 run obliquely to the flue gas discharge longitudinal axis, preferably at an internal angle of 45 °, facing the combustion chamber 2.
  • the emerging air jets form a gapless grille, so that no streak of flue gas can penetrate this area without coming into intensive contact with the injected air.
  • the direction of injection of the secondary air is opposite to the direction of exhaust of the flue gas, so that turbulence and a separation of the flue gases are generated in the area in front of the throttle 17, which increases the dwell time of the flue gases in this area, which has a temperature level of 900 ° C to 1050 ° C has, is additionally increased and a residence time of the flue gases in this area of approximately 8 seconds is achieved. This ensures the degradation of the halogenated hydrocarbons.
  • the secondary air can escape from the nozzle openings 19 at a speed of over 60 to 90 m / s.
  • the air injection means that the combustible components carried in the flue gases burn out completely in the upper combustion chamber zone as a result of the intensive supply of oxygen. Ensuring the burnout in all operating conditions within the furnace performance diagram is ensured by the newly developed design of the combustion chamber as well as in particular the prevention of the formation of halogenated hydrocarbons.
  • Clearly positive results with regard to the PCDD / F reduction show studies with increased turbulence and residence time of the combustion gases in hot temperature zones, as is achieved according to the invention. According to the current state of knowledge, it is possible to achieve a homogeneous heating of the flue gases to 1000 ° C above the combustion temperatures offered by waste combustion Duration of 2 seconds to break down the undesired products, in particular halogenated hydrocarbons.
  • tertiary air nozzles 22 can advantageously be arranged in the front wall in the area of the inclined surface 9 shortly before the transition to the venturi-like zone 17 and in the rear wall 14 just above the end of the ceiling wall 11.
  • tertiary air is blown into the flue gas stream, preferably at a speed of more than 60 m / s. This is intended to achieve thorough mixing, the depth of penetration of the air jets and the distribution of the nozzles being dimensioned such that the flue gas stream, in particular in the wall area, is completely detected.
  • These nozzles are advantageous as a supplement to the nozzle bars 18, since with them in particular the areas in the vicinity of the walls are adequately penetrated with air in order to effect complete combustion in this area as well.
  • the secondary and tertiary air systems are completely separate from the primary air system.
  • the suction is carried out by separate air blowers below the Kesserldecke.
  • all intake ducts and pressure-side air ducts are dimensioned so that the flow speed of 15 m / s is not exceeded. It is also advantageous if the air ducts are adequately stiffened and the connections of the ducts and the suspensions on parts of the building, boiler and furnace scaffolding are designed to be elastic and structure-borne noise-reducing.
  • an ammonia system 24 is connected to the secondary air system.
  • the nitrogen oxide content is as follows, 5 to 10% NO2 and 90 to 95% NO.
  • the invention ensures a uniform penetration of the flue gas with ammonia, both in the combustion chamber and in connection with the combustion chamber in the afterburning area of the venturi-like zone.
  • the invention also makes it possible to control or regulate the supply of the secondary air and / or the ammonia supply as a function of the temperature existing in the injection zone of the secondary air, which can be measured by temperature sensors attached to the nozzle bar.
  • the temperature can be increased or decreased by increasing or reducing the secondary air values.
  • this injection device preferably consists of two nozzle bars 18, which extend transversely to the direction of the flue gas flow from the front to the rear of the flue gas outlet 12 and are rotatably mounted in the walls by means of fixed and floating bearings.
  • the speed and direction of rotation of the nozzle bar can be steplessly controlled.
  • the flue gas that arises during combustion on the roller grate 3 is mixed even more intensively, in particular by the rotating atmospheric oxygen. This preferably creates two counter-rotating fire rollers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
EP88105522A 1987-04-09 1988-04-07 Procédé pour la combustion de déchets Expired - Lifetime EP0286077B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88105522T ATE70611T1 (de) 1987-04-09 1988-04-07 Verfahren zum verbrennen von muell.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3712039 1987-04-09
DE19873712039 DE3712039A1 (de) 1987-04-09 1987-04-09 Verbrennungskessel, insbesondere zur muellverbrennung
DE3716088 1987-05-14
DE19873716088 DE3716088A1 (de) 1987-04-09 1987-05-14 Verfahren zum verbrennen insbesondere von muell

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0286077A2 true EP0286077A2 (fr) 1988-10-12
EP0286077A3 EP0286077A3 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0286077B1 EP0286077B1 (fr) 1991-12-18
EP0286077B2 EP0286077B2 (fr) 1996-07-31

Family

ID=25854498

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88105522A Expired - Lifetime EP0286077B2 (fr) 1987-04-09 1988-04-07 Procédé pour la combustion de déchets

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US4940006A (fr)
EP (1) EP0286077B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0656255B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE70611T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3716088A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2005521T5 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0509364A2 (fr) * 1991-04-15 1992-10-21 Ebara Corporation Incinérateur
US5257585A (en) * 1991-04-15 1993-11-02 Ebara Corporation Incinerator
DE4236073A1 (de) * 1992-10-26 1994-04-28 Waermetechnik Dr Pauli Gmbh Ausbrenneinrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Ausbrennen von Brennstoffen
US5741130A (en) * 1992-06-05 1998-04-21 Ecological Combustion I Stockholm Ab Method and apparatus for minimizing disruption caused by depositions on a supply means for a combustion of gasification plant
EP1493967A1 (fr) 2003-07-03 2005-01-05 VISSER & SMIT HANAB B.V. Système d'incinération et dipositif d'injection pour celui-ci

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ES2061015T3 (es) * 1989-02-17 1994-12-01 Ebara Corp Horno de combustion de lecho fluidizado.
DE3939197C3 (de) * 1989-11-27 1999-02-25 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Minderung der Stickoxid-Konzentration im Abgasstrom von Verbrennungsprozessen
JPH03244908A (ja) * 1990-02-22 1991-10-31 Hitachi Zosen Corp 焼却炉における燃焼促進装置
JPH03244907A (ja) * 1990-02-22 1991-10-31 Hitachi Zosen Corp 焼却炉
US5054405A (en) * 1990-11-02 1991-10-08 Serawaste Systems Corporation High temperature turbulent gasification unit and method
US5395596A (en) * 1993-05-11 1995-03-07 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed reactor and method utilizing refuse derived fuel
US5546875A (en) * 1993-08-27 1996-08-20 Energy And Environmental Research Center Foundation Controlled spontaneous reactor system
US5401130A (en) * 1993-12-23 1995-03-28 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Internal circulation fluidized bed (ICFB) combustion system and method of operation thereof
EP0741267B1 (fr) * 1995-05-05 2001-08-01 BBP Environment GmbH Procédé et four pour l'incinération de déchets
JP3415079B2 (ja) * 1999-10-04 2003-06-09 要太郎 内田 焼却炉
DE10050575C5 (de) * 2000-10-12 2009-10-29 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Abfallprodukten
US20080149010A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 Covanta Energy Corporation Tertiary air addition to solid waste-fired furnaces for nox control
EP2505919A1 (fr) * 2011-03-29 2012-10-03 Hitachi Zosen Inova AG Procédé d'optimisation de la combustion des gaz d'échappement d'une installation de combustion par homogénéisation des gaz de fumée dessus du lit de combustion réalisée par injection des gaz de fumée
DE102012000262B4 (de) 2012-01-10 2015-12-17 Jörg Krüger Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung des Ausbrandes von Schlacken auf Verbrennungsrosten
CN103032885B (zh) * 2012-12-20 2016-08-03 北京中煤神州节能环保技术开发有限公司 波形分离旋转飞灰燃烬装置
CN103062757B (zh) * 2012-12-20 2016-07-06 北京中煤神州节能环保技术开发有限公司 分区多重强化燃烧链条锅炉
CN105849464B (zh) * 2013-11-08 2017-10-27 施政 调节燃烧器内的火焰特性
CN106642133B (zh) * 2017-01-06 2019-08-09 舟山旺能环保能源有限公司 一种垃圾综合利用系统
PL243551B1 (pl) * 2017-11-24 2023-09-11 Ics Ind Combustion Systems Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Sposób redukcji tlenków azotu oraz tlenku węgla w komorach paleniskowych kotłów wodnych i kotłów parowych, szczególnie kotłów rusztowych oraz układ do redukcji tlenków azotu i tlenku węgla w komorach paleniskowych kotłów wodnych i kotłów parowych, szczególnie kotłów rusztowych
JP7081407B2 (ja) 2018-09-11 2022-06-07 株式会社Ihi ボイラ
EP3896337A1 (fr) * 2020-04-16 2021-10-20 General Electric Company Système de combustion pour une chaudière dotée d'un moyen de distribution de flux de carburant dans un brûleur et procédé de combustion
KR102523670B1 (ko) * 2022-08-02 2023-04-20 진도종합건설(주) 질소산화물 제거효율을 높인 암모니아 분사 노즐 장치가 포함된 소각로

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FR587356A (fr) * 1924-10-13 1925-04-17 Barrage d'air pour foyers
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE84844C (fr) *
FR482877A (fr) * 1916-09-13 1917-05-02 Anders Borch Reck Chaudière sectionnelle
FR587356A (fr) * 1924-10-13 1925-04-17 Barrage d'air pour foyers
DE1054645B (de) * 1954-12-22 1959-04-09 Babcoc & Wilcox Dampfkessel We Kohlenstaubfeuerung mit ueber dem Brennraum angeordnetem Strahlungsraum
FR2290243A1 (fr) * 1974-11-11 1976-06-04 Mitsubishi Chem Ind Procede de traitement d'un gaz d'echappement produit par combustion et contenant des oxydes d'azote
DE3038875C2 (de) * 1980-10-15 1990-05-31 Vereinigte Kesselwerke AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Müllverbrennungsanlage
DE3207433A1 (de) * 1982-03-02 1983-09-08 Rudolf Dr. 6800 Mannheim Wieser Wasserrohrkessel mit rostfeuerung
WO1987006999A1 (fr) * 1986-05-12 1987-11-19 Konstantin Mavroudis Dispositif d'alimentation en air secondaire et chaudiere utilisee avec ledit dispositif

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0509364A2 (fr) * 1991-04-15 1992-10-21 Ebara Corporation Incinérateur
EP0509364A3 (en) * 1991-04-15 1993-01-20 Ebara Corporation Incinerator
US5257585A (en) * 1991-04-15 1993-11-02 Ebara Corporation Incinerator
CN1039154C (zh) * 1991-04-15 1998-07-15 株式会社荏原制作所 焚化炉
US5741130A (en) * 1992-06-05 1998-04-21 Ecological Combustion I Stockholm Ab Method and apparatus for minimizing disruption caused by depositions on a supply means for a combustion of gasification plant
DE4236073A1 (de) * 1992-10-26 1994-04-28 Waermetechnik Dr Pauli Gmbh Ausbrenneinrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Ausbrennen von Brennstoffen
EP1493967A1 (fr) 2003-07-03 2005-01-05 VISSER & SMIT HANAB B.V. Système d'incinération et dipositif d'injection pour celui-ci

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0656255B2 (ja) 1994-07-27
EP0286077B2 (fr) 1996-07-31
DE3866919D1 (de) 1992-01-30
ATE70611T1 (de) 1992-01-15
US5009173A (en) 1991-04-23
JPS63282414A (ja) 1988-11-18
US4940006A (en) 1990-07-10
ES2005521A4 (es) 1989-03-16
ES2005521T5 (es) 1996-10-16
EP0286077A3 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0286077B1 (fr) 1991-12-18
DE3716088A1 (de) 1989-02-02
ES2005521T3 (es) 1992-07-01

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