EP0244796B1 - Procédé pour le prétraitement de textiles encrassés - Google Patents

Procédé pour le prétraitement de textiles encrassés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0244796B1
EP0244796B1 EP87106422A EP87106422A EP0244796B1 EP 0244796 B1 EP0244796 B1 EP 0244796B1 EP 87106422 A EP87106422 A EP 87106422A EP 87106422 A EP87106422 A EP 87106422A EP 0244796 B1 EP0244796 B1 EP 0244796B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
paste
fabrics
aid
alkyl
bristles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP87106422A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0244796A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz-Manfred Wilsberg
Georg Bosserhoff
Rolf Dr. Puchta
Herbert Bücheler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel AG and Co KGaA filed Critical Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority to AT87106422T priority Critical patent/ATE47151T1/de
Publication of EP0244796A1 publication Critical patent/EP0244796A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0244796B1 publication Critical patent/EP0244796B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
    • C11D1/10—Amino carboxylic acids; Imino carboxylic acids; Fatty acid condensates thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
    • C11D3/2065—Polyhydric alcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/42—Amino alcohols or amino ethers
    • C11D1/44—Ethers of polyoxyalkylenes with amino alcohols; Condensation products of epoxyalkanes with amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
    • C11D3/2041—Dihydric alcohols
    • C11D3/2044—Dihydric alcohols linear

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for pretreating soiled textiles.
  • a paste containing active ingredients to the soiled textiles and then washing the pretreated textiles in a wash liquor, the cleaning of the textiles is significantly improved over non-pretreated textiles.
  • the washing liquor When washing textiles, the washing liquor is generally heated to a temperature which is higher than room temperature.
  • the washing performance of the detergent used, for. T. significantly strengthened.
  • the heating of the washing liquor and the textiles is associated with an increased energy expenditure during washing.
  • some textiles, in particular textiles made of wool or synthetic fibers cannot be washed at elevated temperature for various reasons, attempts have repeatedly been made to achieve good washing results at low washing temperatures. Often, however, the effect of commercially available detergents is reduced or weakened to such an extent that the textiles can no longer be properly cleaned by washing at low washing temperatures.
  • Various measures have been attempted to improve the washing effect even at low washing temperatures.
  • DE-OS 27 44 642 describes a detergent additive which contains an organic bleach activator in water-releasable combination with a non-particulate substrate.
  • a further improvement in the washing performance of detergents is made possible by an additive which, according to the teaching of DE-OS 28 57 153, in addition to a bleach activator, comprises a combination of an alkoxylated nonionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant with a residue containing 8 to 20 carbon atoms and the rest of the short residues Contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms on a substrate.
  • a disadvantage of the additives mentioned is that the user of these additives comes into contact with the active ingredients when the additives are removed from the packaging and when the additives are added to the detergent solution, which, apart from a sometimes uncomfortable feeling, can lead to skin irritation.
  • Another disadvantage of the additives mentioned is that after washing, the water-insoluble substrate has to be sorted out from the washed textiles.
  • DE-OS 34 15 880 describes a washing additive which consists of a mixture of several detergent constituents which are contained in a bag based on polyvinyl alcohol which is soluble in detergent lyes.
  • the mixture of several detergent constituents contained in the pouches according to the teaching of the last-mentioned patent application is in paste form, the paste being adjusted by the addition of an anti-gel agent and certain viscosity regulators in such a way that the paste quickly and completely dissolves in the still cold detergent solution.
  • Another solution to the problems mentioned is described in DE-OS 28 57 157.
  • detergents contain certain nonionic and certain cationic surface-active compounds in a certain ratio to one another.
  • the agents described there can be present as a paste and can also be used for pretreating soiled textiles.
  • the last-mentioned patent application does not indicate which special measures must be taken with regard to the composition of pastes which are readily soluble in cold wash liquors and that the application of pastes composed in a certain manner to soiled laundry items leads to particularly good washing results.
  • a paste comprising a mixture comprising at least one nonionic surfactant, at least one nitrogen-containing compound from which a quaternary ammonium compound having a long-chain alkyl or alkenyl radical having 10 to 20 carbon atoms and / or an adduct of 1 to 6 mol Ethylene oxide in 1 mole of a primary fatty amine with a long-chain alkyl or alkenyl radical having 10 to 16 carbon atoms and / or a compound of the formula R-NH-CH 2 -CH 2 -COONa, in which R is an alyl or alkenyl radical with 10 to 18 Carbon atoms, in particular with 14 carbon atoms, comprehensive group, contains a polyhydric alcohol as an anti-gel agent and so much of viscosity regulators that it has
  • a paste that also contains an activator for per-compounds.
  • Such a paste is known from DE-OS 34 15 880 mentioned above as a washing additive which increases the washing power of conventional detergents.
  • Textiles in the sense of the present patent application are understood to mean garments made of natural and / or synthetic fibers.
  • the items of clothing take oily or greasy soiling, bleachable soiling or pigment soiling, which can be removed by washing in an aqueous wash liquor.
  • the method according to the invention is effective against all of these soiling, but especially against cosmetic soiling.
  • the nonionic surfactants of the paste suitable for the process according to the invention are above all Addition products of ethylene oxide with fatty or especially oxo alcohols with 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Particularly suitable surfactants are derived from alcohols with 14 to 15 carbon atoms. The best effects are achieved with oxo alcohol ethoxylates which contain 3 to 10, preferably 6 to 8 and in particular about 7 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. In many cases it is advisable to add foam regulators; in most cases, the development of foam must be dampened. Suitable foam suppressants are, for example, the known silicone oils.
  • the nonionic surfactant content of the paste promotes the removal of greasy or oily soiling during washing.
  • the paste contains certain nitrogen-containing compounds from the group of quaternary ammonium compounds and / or ethylene oxide adducts of primary fatty amines and / or of ⁇ -aminoalkyl / alkenyl-propionic acid salts of the formula R-NH to improve the removal of pigment soiling from textiles -CH 2 -CH 2 -COONa;
  • Suitable quaternary ammonium compounds contain long-chain alkyl or alkenyl radicals with 10 to 20, preferably alkyl groups with 10 to 16 and in particular about 14 carbon atoms.
  • the suitable quaternary ammonium compounds contain 3 identical or different alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In particular, these short alkyl groups are methyl groups.
  • a particularly suitable quaternary ammonium compound is tetradecyl trimethylammonium bromide. All or part of the quaternary ammonium compound can be replaced by the above-mentioned fatty amine ethoxylate.
  • An example of a particularly suitable fatty amine ethoxylate is the adduct of 2 moles of ethylene oxide with primary coconut alkyl amine.
  • N-acyl and O-acyl compounds are suitable as activators for per compounds.
  • Acetyl compounds have proven particularly useful. Examples of this are tetraacetylglycoluril or pentaacetylglucose or in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine.
  • the bleach activators mentioned lead to improved removal of bleachable textile soiling.
  • the paste contains polyhydric alcohols which are able to prevent the known gelling of the nonionic surfactant when it comes into contact with water.
  • Suitable antigelling agents are preferably polyhydric alcohols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, which are intimately mixed with the nonionic surfactant.
  • the antigelling effect of the polyhydric alcohol can be enhanced if, instead of the polyhydric alcohol alone, a mixture of a polyhydric alcohol and condensation products of go to C2o fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of fatty alcohol is used.
  • Polyhydric alcohols which can be used as antigelling agents are, for example, 1,2-propylene glycol, ethylene glycol or glycerol or mixtures of the alcohols mentioned.
  • An example of a particularly suitable fatty alcohol ethoxylate which can be used in a mixture with the polyhydric alcohol to enhance the anti-gelling effect is tallow alcohol ethoxylate with 2 moles of ethylene oxide; but also C 12 to Ga fatty alcohol ethoxylate with 3 moles of ethylene oxide, which contains about 70% cuz fatty alcohol ethoxylate, is suitable as an antigelling agent.
  • a good anti-gelling effect is obtained if the weight ratio of nonionic surfactant to polyhydric alcohol is in the range from about 1: 1 to 1: 2. If, on the other hand, a mixture of polyhydric alcohol and fatty alcohol ethoxylate is used, very good results are obtained if the weight ratio of nonionic surfactant to polyhydric alcohol to fatty alcohol ethoxylate in the range from (7 to 12) to (5 to 16) to (0.5 to 4 ) lies.
  • the antigelling effect of the antigelling agent can be increased further if, in addition to the antigelling agents described hitherto, compounds which are readily soluble in water, in particular sodium borate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium acetate or else sugar, are used.
  • a viscosity in the range from 1,000 to 100,000 mPas is important for good dissolution behavior of the paste.
  • viscosity regulators for example water-insoluble zeolite, in particular of the zeolite A type, highly disperse silica, sheet silicates, in particular swellable sheet silicates of the bentonite and hectorite type, but also water-soluble salts, and the like
  • Sugar, polyglycols or fatty alcohol ethoxylates with a high proportion of ethylene oxide means that the fatty alcohol ethoxylate contains about 15 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of fatty alcohol.
  • the paste advantageously contains small amounts of chelating agents for complexing disruptive heavy metal ions.
  • Water-soluble salts of alkane polyphosphonic acid from the group of the phosphonalkane polycarboxylic acids and the amino- and hydroxide-substituted alkane polyphosphonic acids in particular the alkali salts of aminotris- (methylenephosphonic acid), dimethyleneaminomethane diphosphonic acids, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1, -diphosphonic acid, have been particularly suitable for this purpose , 2-dicarboxylic acid, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid and in particular the hexasodium salt of ethylenediaminotetramethylenephosphonic acid.
  • the pretreatment process according to the invention leads to particularly good results if the paste is applied to those areas of the textiles to be washed which are stained or particularly soiled, for example because they come into contact with dirt particularly frequently or intensively.
  • An order of 2 to 50 g of paste active ingredient on a household washing machine filling, i.e. H. about 2 to 5 kg of textiles is a sufficient and necessary amount to achieve the desired cleaning effect.
  • "Paste active ingredient” is to be understood as the mixture of nonionic surfactant, nitrogen-containing compound, activator and, if appropriate, heavy metal complexing agent.
  • the paste can be applied more or less evenly to the textiles in order to achieve the desired effect, particularly good results are achieved if the paste is applied to the dry textiles by spreading them into a thin layer.
  • the spreading can be done by hand, but it is advisable to use a distributing aid for this.
  • a comb or a squeegee or a notched trowel represent, for example, suitable distributing aids; however, it is expedient to use a tool covered with bristles, for example a brush with appropriately stiff bristles or a brush.
  • a bristle-assisted device which surrounds the outlet opening of a tube containing the paste.
  • the tube is compressible and consists of a uniform material, such as organic polymers or metal or a composite material consisting of several different materials.
  • the tube and the bristle-covered aid for applying the paste can be made of one piece or composed of several pieces. If the bristles of the aid taper towards their free end, ie towards the end facing away from the tube, they are particularly suitable, in particular if the bristles have a triangular cross section, for example a cross section in the form of an equilateral Have triangles. Bristles with a length of approximately 3 to approximately 30 mm have proven to be particularly suitable for uniform application. The size of the cross-sectional area of the bristles depends on the density of the bristle trimmings.
  • Auxiliaries with approximately 40 to approximately 100 bristles per cm 2 and correspondingly a bristle cross section of approximately 1 to approximately 2 mm 2 , measured at the end of the bristles facing the tube, are particularly suitable for the method according to the invention.
  • a tube with a brush expander of the type described above, which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention, is known, for example, from German Utility Model Application No. 85 22 059.0. In many cases, it should be expedient if the outlet opening of the tube is covered with a bristle-covered aid for spreading the paste and closed when it is not in use.
  • Another object of the present invention is an apparatus for performing the method according to the invention.
  • This device essentially consists of a tube containing a paste of the type and composition described above with a bristle-coated spreading aid which surrounds the outlet opening of the tube.
  • the pastes were applied from a plastic tube which was approx. 140 mm long from the welded closure to the tube neck and had a diameter of approx. 45 mm based on a circular cross section.
  • the outlet opening of the tube was circular with a diameter of approx. 5 mm.
  • the tube opening was surrounded by a ring with an outer diameter of approx. 30 mm made of plastic bristles.
  • the bristles had a length of 15 mm, tapered towards their free end and were about 1 mm apart.
  • the cross-section of the bristles was that of an equilateral triangle.
  • the tube had a volume of approx. 200 ml and had a thread on the tube neck to accommodate a cap.
  • test textiles treated in this way were washed in an automatic household washing machine (Miele De Luxe W 433) together with 3 kg of clean filler fabric with the addition of 228 g of a commercially available heavy-duty detergent (corresponding to 4/5 of the target dosage) and using the washing program for colored textiles washed at 60 ° C alkali temperature.
  • the washed and dried textiles were checked for the remaining soiling intensity, each assessment being carried out on 3 test textiles.
  • test series 11 soiled test textiles were washed with the only difference that the pretreatment paste was not spread onto the test textiles but was added to the wash liquor.
  • the washing results for test series 1 and 11 given in Table 1 were obtained.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Procédé pour le prétraitement de textiles salis, à l'aide d'un produit pâteux contenant des composés non ioniques et cationiques, caractérisé en ce que l'on applique sur les textiles une pâte comprenant un mélange qui contient au moins un agent tensioactif non ionique, au moins un composé azoté choisi dans le groupe comprenant un composé d'ammonium quaternaire comportant un radical alkyle ou alcényle à longue chaîne ayant de 10 à 20 atomes de carbone et en outre des radicaux alkyle ayant de 1 à 4 atomes de carbone et/ou un produit d'addition de 1 à 6 moles d'oxyde d'éthylène sur 1 mole d'une amine grasse primaire comportant un radical alkyle ou alcényle à longue chaîne ayant de 10 à 16 atomes de carbone et/ou un composé de formule R-NH-CH2-CH2-COONa, dans laquelle R représente un radical alkyle ou alcényle ayant de 10 à 18 atomes de carbone, en particulier 14 atomes de carbone, un polyalcool en tant qu'agent d'antigélification et une quantité suffisante de régulateurs de viscosité pour que le produit présente une viscosité de 100 à 100 000 mPa.s à un gradient de cisaillement compris entre 5 et 500 s-1 et on soumet ensuite les textiles à un lavage dans une solution lessivielle.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on applique une pâte qui contient en outre un activateur de composés per.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on applique la pâte sur des endroits tachés ou particulièrement salis des textiles.
4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que, sur 2 à 5 kg de textiles, on applique de 2 à 50 g de substances actives sous forme de pâte.
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'on applique la pâte sur les textiles par étalement en une couche mince.
6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que, pour l'application de la pâte, on utilise un moyen auxiliaire de répartition.
7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que, pour l'application de la pâte, on utilise un moyen auxiliaire garni de soies.
8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que, pour l'application de la pâte, on utilise un moyen auxiliaire garni de soies, qui entoure l'orifice de sortie d'un tube contenant la pâte.
9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que, pour l'application de la pâte, on utilise un moyen auxiliaire dont les soies se rétrécissent en pointe.
10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que, pour l'application de la pâte, on utilise un moyen auxiliaire dont les soies présentent une section transversale triangulaire.
11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce que, pour l'application de la pâte, on utilise un moyen auxiliaire dont les soies ont de 3 à 30 mm de longueur.
12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise un moyen auxiliaire dont la face garnie de soies présente de 40 à 100 soies par cm2.
13. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, essentiellement constitué d'un tube selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 12 contenant une pâte selon la revendication 1.
EP87106422A 1986-05-09 1987-05-04 Procédé pour le prétraitement de textiles encrassés Expired EP0244796B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87106422T ATE47151T1 (de) 1986-05-09 1987-05-04 Verfahren zur vorbehandlung verschmutzter textilien.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3615544 1986-05-09
DE19863615544 DE3615544A1 (de) 1986-05-09 1986-05-09 Verfahren zur vorbehandlung verschmutzter textilien

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0244796A1 EP0244796A1 (fr) 1987-11-11
EP0244796B1 true EP0244796B1 (fr) 1989-10-11

Family

ID=6300395

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87106422A Expired EP0244796B1 (fr) 1986-05-09 1987-05-04 Procédé pour le prétraitement de textiles encrassés

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4931063A (fr)
EP (1) EP0244796B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS62268871A (fr)
AT (1) ATE47151T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3615544A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK236087A (fr)
ES (1) ES2011036B3 (fr)

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JP2009285339A (ja) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-10 Kao Corp 洗濯前処理キット
US20100075883A1 (en) * 2008-09-24 2010-03-25 Ecolab Inc. Granular cleaning and disinfecting composition
WO2012005868A1 (fr) 2010-06-21 2012-01-12 Basf Se Composant tensioactif et composition le comprenant
US20120324655A1 (en) 2011-06-23 2012-12-27 Nalini Chawla Product for pre-treatment and laundering of stained fabric

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0244796A1 (fr) 1987-11-11
US4931063A (en) 1990-06-05
DK236087D0 (da) 1987-05-08
ES2011036B3 (es) 1989-12-16
JPS62268871A (ja) 1987-11-21
ATE47151T1 (de) 1989-10-15
DK236087A (da) 1987-11-10
DE3615544A1 (de) 1987-11-12
DE3760740D1 (en) 1989-11-16

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