EP0239712A1 - Machine mobile de travail sur voie pour enlever, nettoyer et mettre en place le ballast et comportant un appareil de compactage du ballast - Google Patents

Machine mobile de travail sur voie pour enlever, nettoyer et mettre en place le ballast et comportant un appareil de compactage du ballast Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0239712A1
EP0239712A1 EP86890088A EP86890088A EP0239712A1 EP 0239712 A1 EP0239712 A1 EP 0239712A1 EP 86890088 A EP86890088 A EP 86890088A EP 86890088 A EP86890088 A EP 86890088A EP 0239712 A1 EP0239712 A1 EP 0239712A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ballast
track
drive
bar
schopp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86890088A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0239712B1 (fr
Inventor
Josef Ing. Theurer
Manfred Brunninger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen Industrie GmbH
Original Assignee
Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen Industrie GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen Industrie GmbH filed Critical Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen Industrie GmbH
Priority to EP86890088A priority Critical patent/EP0239712B1/fr
Priority to DE8686890088T priority patent/DE3660630D1/de
Priority to AT86890088T priority patent/ATE36878T1/de
Priority to AU66390/86A priority patent/AU583690B2/en
Priority to JP62012145A priority patent/JPS62233304A/ja
Priority to CA000529890A priority patent/CA1295188C/fr
Priority to SU874202120A priority patent/SU1505446A3/ru
Priority to DD87301263A priority patent/DD257655A5/de
Publication of EP0239712A1 publication Critical patent/EP0239712A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0239712B1 publication Critical patent/EP0239712B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B27/00—Placing, renewing, working, cleaning, or taking-up the ballast, with or without concurrent work on the track; Devices therefor; Packing sleepers
    • E01B27/06—Renewing or cleaning the ballast in situ, with or without concurrent work on the track
    • E01B27/10—Renewing or cleaning the ballast in situ, with or without concurrent work on the track without taking-up track

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mobile track construction machine, in particular ballast bed cleaning machine, with a conveyor or clearing chain for picking up the ballast from the area below the track, a screening system which can be loaded with the picked up ballast, and with a device for reintroducing the cleaned ballast by dropping in the area behind the conveyor or clearing chain and a beam-shaped ballast compacting device that runs under the track structure consisting of sleepers and rails and extends transversely to the machine longitudinal direction, which is attached to the machine frame at each end via support posts connected to a drive.
  • such a ballast bed cleaning machine with a conveyor or clearing chain for receiving the ballast from the area below the track is already known.
  • the conveyor or clearing chain is followed by a screening system in the working direction for cleaning the ballast that has been picked up.
  • a device designed as a discharge conveyor belt is provided for the distributed reintroduction of the cleaned ballast by discharge onto the exposed formation in the area immediately behind the conveyor or clearing chain.
  • a leveling and compacting device carried out beneath the track grate is articulated on the machine frame via supports arranged as parallelogram guides and adjustable in height by means of a swivel drive.
  • the leveling device arranged upstream in the working direction of the compacting device is formed from two leveling chains which are articulated on the ends at the ends and can be pivoted by a drive about a vertical axis and are each connected to a rotary drive for rotation in the horizontal plane.
  • the longitudinal girder connected to the leveling device and extending after this in the machine longitudinal direction is formed from a bar running transversely to the machine longitudinal direction, the outer beam Ends are elastically resiliently connected to one of the two longitudinal beams and can be set in vibration by a vibration drive.
  • This device is relatively extensive, since two units - a leveling and compacting device - are necessary and therefore often requires a higher lifting of the track, since the two height-adjustable devices are arranged between the upper ballast bed level and the track frame.
  • the compacting effect is not always sufficient, as there are often gravel gaps due to the irregularly dropped gravel. This is disadvantageous where the sleepers then come to rest.
  • a ballast bed cleaning machine with a conveyor or clearing chain which is passed under the track for receiving the ballast.
  • This conveyor or clearing chain is followed by a screening system for cleaning the ballast.
  • One or two discharge conveyor belts that can be pivoted in the horizontal plane are provided as devices for the distributed reintroduction of the cleaned ballast from the screening plant onto the exposed formation.
  • the conveyor or clearing chain is further followed by a leveling device, which consists of an articulated beam arrangement extending over the entire threshold length. This is composed of a central cross member running parallel to the longitudinal direction of the sleeper and two outer cross members connected to it by joints.
  • the two outer ends of the outer cross links and the joints are attached to the conveyor or clearing chain so that they can move freely.
  • the ballast thrown off by the discharge conveyor belt should be distributed approximately uniformly, but ballast gaps also often occur due to the relatively rough distribution effect of the distribution belts.
  • the object of the invention is that in ballast treatment machines with cleaning systems, such as conveyor and clearing chain with track lifting device and reintroduction of the cleaned ballast, the thrown ballast is subjected to an improved assignment or an accumulation to the correct locations is achieved in order to provide the track structure with a better support to enable.
  • ballast compacting device designed as a plate-shaped compacting bar is arranged directly in or in front of the area of the thrown ballast, and in that the drive connected to the support post for a continuously approximately in track level back and forth movement - for pre-compaction of the ballast against the working direction - is formed.
  • Such a compacting device enables the ballast dropped between the sleepers onto the subgrade to be immediately displaced in a continuous chopping process, even below the sleepers, with the ballast being able to pre-compress the ballast.
  • the track is already in a desired and controllable position on pre-compacted sleeper supports immediately after the ballast discharge, so that the load on the track exerted by the following running gear of the track construction machine can be exploited for a further even pre-compression of the sleeper supports.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention consists in that the compression-type compacting bar for pushing together the thrown-up ballast is formed from two half-parts which are mirror images of the machine longitudinal plane of symmetry, each in the area of the upper end of the machine frame attached support post pivotable about a vertical axis to the outside for disengagement outside the sleepers and each connected to a drive attached to the support post.
  • This two-part design of the compacting bar means that it can be put into operation and taken out of operation quickly and easily by pivoting the pivotable half-parts on the support post into a rest position located to the side of the track or into a working position below the sleepers. This saves time-consuming retrofitting work.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the two half parts can be connected to one another by a releasable stiffening plate.
  • the strength of the compression bar formed by both half parts is increased significantly in a simple manner.
  • the pre-compacting effect for the ballast can be further improved, and the large mechanical stresses caused by the continuous cyclical impact movement are better withstood.
  • the compression bar which is designed as a two-part Schopp bar
  • a support post which is articulated on the machine frame and is designed as a two-sided lever, the upper part of which is connected to a hydraulic Cylinder-piston drive trained drive
  • the two support posts for the two-part Schopp-beam can be operated independently by loosening the stiffening plate or pivoted out of engagement outward.
  • Such a simple design of the support post as a two-part lever is particularly suitable for an efficient transmission of large compacting forces from the drive to the compacting bar.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the Schopp beam has a convex curvature in cross-section, seen from top to bottom, the bottom edge of which in the front part of the curvature in the working direction and the top edge in the direction of compaction up to immediately near the threshold bottom edge is sufficient, with a reinforcing plate for attachment to the beam itself and to the support post connected above the machine frame is provided at the outer end.
  • the curvature enables an immediate drainage of the ballast, which is continuously thrown off the ballast outlet of the machine and temporarily falls onto the compression beam.
  • a reinforcement plate With the arrangement of a reinforcement plate, a full-surface fastening of the curved Schopp beam in the area of the support posts is possible for a high load capacity.
  • the compacting device or each half part of the Schopp bar which is designed as a continuous Schopp bar, can preferably be connected to a vibration drive. Thanks to the vibration drive, the Schopp bar can be set to vibrate in addition to the cyclical stroke movement. On the one hand, this increases the compacting effect and, on the other hand, an even faster flow of the ballast falling on the Schopp beam.
  • the compacting device designed as a Schopp bar is assigned a hold-down device, preferably with a height adjustment drive, which is articulated on the machine frame and arranged upstream in the working direction and can be unrolled via a pair of flange wheels on the track.
  • a hold-down device in addition to the weight of the track controlled force in the direction of the formation can be exerted, so that the compacting effect of the Schopp beam can be further increased.
  • the hold-down device avoiding an uncontrolled track elevation due to the compacting effect, an exact and uniform fixation of the track in the desired target position is achieved.
  • the ballast bed cleaning machine 1 shown in FIG. 1 is composed of a total of three interconnected work vehicles 2, 3 and 4, which can be moved via rail carriages 5 on a track 8 formed by sleepers 6 and rails 7.
  • On the middle work vehicle 3, which is connected to a drive there is an endless conveyor or clearing chain 9 guided around the track 8 with a drive on a machine frame 10 attached.
  • a height-adjustable track lifting device 11 is provided in the area of this conveyor or clearing chain 9, a height-adjustable track lifting device 11 is provided.
  • a working cabin 13 is connected to the machine frame 1o above an excavation area 14 of the ballast bed. This is followed by a hold-down device 15 that can be rolled off the track 8 and a ballast compacting device 16.
  • a screening plant 17 is arranged on a machine frame 19 with two independent screening units 18 which are arranged in a V-shape one behind the other in the machine longitudinal direction and each have their own vibration drive.
  • This screening plant 17 can be loaded with the contaminated ballast picked up by the conveyor or clearing chain 9 by means of a transport conveyor belt 2o and two throw-in conveyor belts 21 shown with short arrows.
  • the overburden separated from the ballast in the screening plant 17 passes, for example, to an upstream loading wagon via an overburden conveyor belt 22 shown with dash-dotted arrows.
  • ballast distributing device 23 formed from a plurality of conveyor belts arranged one behind the other and shown with long arrows. This is designed to transport the cleaned ballast via a buffer 24 to a first ballast outlet 25 located in the area of the compacting device 16 and to a second ballast outlet 26 located on the rear work vehicle 4.
  • This second ballast outlet 26 is formed by a ballast accumulator 27 with controllable outlet openings.
  • the first ballast outlet 25 is provided to create a first ballast layer 28 between the level and track 8 and the second ballast outlet 26 to create a second ballast layer 29 filling the sleeper compartments.
  • third work vehicle 4 is a track tamping and lifting direction Unit 3o arranged on a machine frame 31 via a drive that can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
  • the ballast distribution device 23 can be extended by a conveyor belt 32 arranged downstream of the ballast store 27 to beyond the rear end of the machine, a pivotable deflection element being provided in the front end region of the conveyor belt 32 on the receiving side. Depending on the position of this deflecting element, the entire ballast or a part thereof can optionally be diverted into the ballast store 27 located thereunder or as excess ballast via the conveyor belt 32 to a subsequent loading wagon. All of the conveyor belts are expediently channel-shaped, as a result of which lateral falling of ballast or overburden is prevented even with long transport routes.
  • the ballast compacting device 16 shown enlarged in FIGS. 2 and 3 consists of vertical support posts 33 which are arranged on the side of the track 8 and are mounted on the machine frame 10 in a bearing 34 about an axis 35 running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. These two fork-shaped support posts 33 are extended in their lower end region by a reinforcing plate 36 which is connected to the end of a plate-shaped compacting or Schopp beam 37 arranged transversely to the track 8.
  • the compression device 16 is arranged directly in the region of the ballast thrown off in the first ballast outlet 25.
  • a drive 38 connected to the support post 33 and articulated on the machine frame 10 is designed for a continuous pendulum movement, which reciprocates approximately in the track plane and in the longitudinal direction of the track - for pre-compaction of the ballast against the working direction.
  • the two fork-shaped ends of the support post 33 are connected to one another by a connecting plate 39.
  • the compression bar designed for pushing together the thrown-up ballast is formed from two machine longitudinal symmetry planes formed in a mirror image half-parts 4o, each in the area of the upper end Carrier post 33 fastened to the machine frame is mounted so as to be pivotable outward about a vertical axis 41 for disengagement outside the sleepers and are each connected to a drive 42 fastened to the carrier post 33.
  • the vertical axis 41 is formed by a crank rod 43 which is rotatably mounted in the connecting plate 39, with the lower end connected to the reinforcing plate 36 and thus with the associated half part 40 and with its upper end connected to the drive 42.
  • the two half parts 40 of the Schopp beam 37 are connected to one another in their free end region located in the middle of the track by a releasable stiffening plate 44.
  • the Schopp bar 37 has in cross section a - from top to bottom - convex curvature 45, the lowermost edge of which extends in the front part of the curvature 45 in the working direction and the uppermost edge in the compacting direction up to immediately near the threshold lower edge.
  • Each half part 40 of the Schopp bar 37 is connected to a vibration drive 46.
  • the compacting device 16 is preceded by the hold-down device 15, which is articulated on the work cabin 13 and can be rolled off on the track 8 via a pair of flange wheels 47 and has a height adjustment drive 48.
  • the work units and movement sequences downstream of the work cabin 13 can be controlled from a central control device 49.
  • the first ballast outlet is formed by a schematically indicated ballast distribution chute 5o with two outlets running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the track to form two sleeper support banks 51.
  • a diverting element 52 is provided for dividing the ballast into a first quantity thrown off in the first ballast outlet 25 and into a remaining quantity transported to the second ballast outlet 26. This is pivotally mounted about an axis running transversely to the machine longitudinal direction.
  • ballast bed cleaning machine 1 The functioning of the ballast bed cleaning machine 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is as follows: During the continuous work approach of the entire ballast bed cleaning machine 1, the contaminated ballast is continuously conveyed up through the conveyor or clearing chain 9 onto the transport conveyor belt 20 and is thrown from there via the throw-in conveyor belts 21 onto the screening plant 17. The cleaned ballast discharged by this passes via the ballast distribution device 23 against the working direction to the first ballast outlet 25 located in the excavation area 14. There - with the position of the deflection element 52 shown in FIG. 2 - part of the transported ballast via the ballast distribution chute 5o between the sleepers thrown onto the formation and a further part of the ballast is fed to the second ballast outlet 26 via the downstream ballast distribution device 23.
  • the ballast thrown by it via the ballast store 27 is used to fill the intermediate sleeper compartments to form a second ballast layer 29. If, for example, there is more cleaned ballast with a smaller amount of overburden, the excess ballast that is not required is conveyed on to a subsequent loading wagon by means of the downstream conveyor belt 32, with a corresponding pivoting of a deflection member arranged above the ballast store 27.
  • the track tamping and lifting / straightening unit 3o continuously corrects the track position and tamping the track.
  • the ballast thrown off in the first ballast outlet in the area of the compacting device 16 to form the first ballast layer 28 is moved and precompressed under the sleepers 6 against the working direction by the continuously reciprocating movement caused by the drive 38. 2 shows the foremost position during this reciprocating movement in full lines and the rearmost position in the working direction with dash-dotted lines.
  • the hold-down device 15 is brought into the desired height position with its pair of flange wheels 47.
  • the operator located in the work cabin 13 can, with the help of the central control device 49, select the frequency of the back and forth movement of the Schopp bar 37 according to the amount of ballast or the like. change.
  • the two half parts 4o of the Schopp bar 37 are pivoted by actuation of the two drives 42 from their working position shown in full lines in FIG. 3 by 9o ° into the rest position shown in broken lines.
  • the pivoting takes place in that the crank rod 43 rotatably mounted in the connecting plate 39 together with the reinforcing plate fastened at the lower end is also pivoted by 90 °.
  • the half-parts 4o pivoted out to the side of the track 8 can still be brought above the track level by the piston rod of the drive 38 being fully inserted into the cylinder.
  • a ballast bed cleaning machine 53 shown in FIG. 4 with a machine frame 54 can be moved via running gears 55 on a track formed by rails 56 and sleepers 57.
  • the ballast picked up by a conveyor or clearing chain 58 is cleaned in a sieve system 59 and thrown off the track onto the subgrade via a discharge conveyor belt 6o.
  • a ballast compacting device 61 is provided directly in the area of the thrown up ballast. This consists of support posts 62 which are mounted on the side of the machine frame 54 so as to be pivotable about a transverse axis, and which can be set into a movement which reciprocates approximately in the plane of the track by a drive 63 which is also articulated on the machine frame 54.
  • the lower ends of the two support posts 62 are detachably connected to one another in the area below the track by a plate-shaped compression bar 64 with a convex curvature.
  • This compacting bar 64 is pushed through the prepared gap at the start of the work and connected to the free ends of the two support posts 62. After completion of the work, the compression bar 64 is released from the support posts 62, so that an unobstructed transfer travel of the ballast bed cleaning machine 53 can be carried out.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
EP86890088A 1986-04-02 1986-04-02 Machine mobile de travail sur voie pour enlever, nettoyer et mettre en place le ballast et comportant un appareil de compactage du ballast Expired EP0239712B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP86890088A EP0239712B1 (fr) 1986-04-02 1986-04-02 Machine mobile de travail sur voie pour enlever, nettoyer et mettre en place le ballast et comportant un appareil de compactage du ballast
DE8686890088T DE3660630D1 (en) 1986-04-02 1986-04-02 Mobile track-treating machine for removing, cleaning and reintroducing ballast with a ballast compacting device
AT86890088T ATE36878T1 (de) 1986-04-02 1986-04-02 Fahrbare gleisbaumaschine zum aufnehmen, reinigen, und wiedereinbringen des schotters mit einer schotter-verdichteinrichtung.
AU66390/86A AU583690B2 (en) 1986-04-02 1986-12-10 A travelling track maintenance machine for taking up, cleaning and reintroducing ballast comprising a ballast consolidating unit
JP62012145A JPS62233304A (ja) 1986-04-02 1987-01-21 自走式軌道保守機械
CA000529890A CA1295188C (fr) 1986-04-02 1987-02-17 Degarnisseuse-cribleuse a dispositif de compactage
SU874202120A SU1505446A3 (ru) 1986-04-02 1987-03-13 Передвижна щебнеочистительна машина
DD87301263A DD257655A5 (de) 1986-04-02 1987-03-30 Fahrbare gleisbaumaschine zum aufnehmen,reinigen und wiedereinbringen des schotters mit einer schotterverdichtereinrichtung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP86890088A EP0239712B1 (fr) 1986-04-02 1986-04-02 Machine mobile de travail sur voie pour enlever, nettoyer et mettre en place le ballast et comportant un appareil de compactage du ballast

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0239712A1 true EP0239712A1 (fr) 1987-10-07
EP0239712B1 EP0239712B1 (fr) 1988-08-31

Family

ID=8196558

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86890088A Expired EP0239712B1 (fr) 1986-04-02 1986-04-02 Machine mobile de travail sur voie pour enlever, nettoyer et mettre en place le ballast et comportant un appareil de compactage du ballast

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0239712B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS62233304A (fr)
AT (1) ATE36878T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU583690B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1295188C (fr)
DD (1) DD257655A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3660630D1 (fr)
SU (1) SU1505446A3 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4911246A (en) * 1987-05-27 1990-03-27 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft M.B.H. Ballast cleaning machine
EP0761880A1 (fr) * 1995-09-04 1997-03-12 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft m.b.H. Machine pour le traitement du lit de ballast d'une voie de chemin de fer
WO2009021478A1 (fr) * 2007-08-14 2009-02-19 Rail.One Gmbh Procédé de remise en état d'une voie de chemin de fer et voie de chemin de fer correspondante
US10900178B2 (en) 2016-02-16 2021-01-26 Plasser & Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen Gesellschaft M.B.H. Track maintenance machine and method for consolidation of a ballast bed
US11313083B2 (en) 2018-10-04 2022-04-26 Nordco Inc. Rail anchor applicator and cribber apparatus

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT511472B1 (de) * 2011-09-29 2012-12-15 Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz Verfahren zur sanierung einer schotterbettung eines gleises

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2309712A (en) * 1940-03-22 1943-02-02 Frank H Philbrick Apparatus for handling ballast in railway roadbeds
US2743539A (en) * 1953-02-19 1956-05-01 Samuel R Hursh Adjustment mechanism for kicker-type ballast remover
DE1157637B (de) * 1961-08-29 1963-11-21 Kornelius Kissel Maschine zum Reinigen des Bettungsschotters unter einem Gleis
AT329107B (de) * 1974-07-05 1976-04-26 Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz Schotterbettreinigungsmaschine mit planier-vorrichtung

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2309712A (en) * 1940-03-22 1943-02-02 Frank H Philbrick Apparatus for handling ballast in railway roadbeds
US2743539A (en) * 1953-02-19 1956-05-01 Samuel R Hursh Adjustment mechanism for kicker-type ballast remover
DE1157637B (de) * 1961-08-29 1963-11-21 Kornelius Kissel Maschine zum Reinigen des Bettungsschotters unter einem Gleis
AT329107B (de) * 1974-07-05 1976-04-26 Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz Schotterbettreinigungsmaschine mit planier-vorrichtung

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4911246A (en) * 1987-05-27 1990-03-27 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft M.B.H. Ballast cleaning machine
EP0761880A1 (fr) * 1995-09-04 1997-03-12 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft m.b.H. Machine pour le traitement du lit de ballast d'une voie de chemin de fer
WO2009021478A1 (fr) * 2007-08-14 2009-02-19 Rail.One Gmbh Procédé de remise en état d'une voie de chemin de fer et voie de chemin de fer correspondante
US10900178B2 (en) 2016-02-16 2021-01-26 Plasser & Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen Gesellschaft M.B.H. Track maintenance machine and method for consolidation of a ballast bed
US11313083B2 (en) 2018-10-04 2022-04-26 Nordco Inc. Rail anchor applicator and cribber apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6639086A (en) 1987-10-08
DE3660630D1 (en) 1988-10-06
DD257655A5 (de) 1988-06-22
JPH0568562B2 (fr) 1993-09-29
AU583690B2 (en) 1989-05-04
JPS62233304A (ja) 1987-10-13
ATE36878T1 (de) 1988-09-15
SU1505446A3 (ru) 1989-08-30
EP0239712B1 (fr) 1988-08-31
CA1295188C (fr) 1992-02-04

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