EP0215757B1 - Control system of an x-ray apparatus for panoramic tomography - Google Patents

Control system of an x-ray apparatus for panoramic tomography Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0215757B1
EP0215757B1 EP86850287A EP86850287A EP0215757B1 EP 0215757 B1 EP0215757 B1 EP 0215757B1 EP 86850287 A EP86850287 A EP 86850287A EP 86850287 A EP86850287 A EP 86850287A EP 0215757 B1 EP0215757 B1 EP 0215757B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ray
control system
arm
ray apparatus
motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86850287A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0215757A2 (en
EP0215757A3 (en
Inventor
Arto Virta
Pekka Strömmer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Planmeca Oy
Original Assignee
Planmeca Oy
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Publication date
Application filed by Planmeca Oy filed Critical Planmeca Oy
Priority to AT86850287T priority Critical patent/ATE55048T1/de
Publication of EP0215757A2 publication Critical patent/EP0215757A2/en
Publication of EP0215757A3 publication Critical patent/EP0215757A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0215757B1 publication Critical patent/EP0215757B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
    • A61B6/51—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for dentistry

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a panoramic dental tomography X-ray apparatus, such as for obtaining images of a dental arch
  • a panoramic dental tomography X-ray apparatus such as for obtaining images of a dental arch
  • the design and operation principle of most panoramic X-ray apparatuses for dental photography are such that the X-ray beam is turned around the patient's head in such a way that the dental arch will be photographed as a flat picture on moving film.
  • the transverse velocity of the film with respect to the ray beam must be equal to the sweep velocity of the ray beam in the object multiplied with the magnification ratio.
  • the magnification is determined by the ratio of the distance between the focus and the film to the distance between the focus and the object.
  • the thickness of the layer being photographed sharply is directly proportional to the distance of the instantaneous center of rotation from the film plane, and inversely proportional to the magnification and to the width of the ray beam. From the point of view of how the object will be represented important is only how the focus, the object and the film plane are located with regard to each other.
  • the instantaneous center of rotation has significance only through the sweep velocity.
  • anode voltage and anode current which remain the same during the whole exposure, are set manually at the X-ray generator, and a motor takes care of said rotary movement, which motor also provides the film transport motion by means of a fixed transmission.
  • the layer being represented sharply is defined by the gear ratio of the mechanism which transmits the motion of the motor to the film cartridge.
  • a drawback of these known control systems based on mechanically interconnected motion speeds is that the ratio of said motion speeds is mechanically fixed (forced control) and cannot be changed in the different stages of the exposure, therefore only one type of jaw profile can be photographed sharply with these devices.
  • known human jaws vary a lot, and therefore it has been necessary to make compromises in the known devices.
  • the known devices have been tuned up to make sharp photograph of a so called average jaw profile in order that different jaws would be photographed at least satisfactorily.
  • the rotary motion motor is a constant-speed motor; in consequence it has been possible to change the layer being photographed sharply only by changing the speed of the film cartridge.
  • This procedure has the inevitable consequence that the exposing time will change directly proportionally to the film cartridge transport speed, and the picture will not be evenly exposed; instead, it will have lighter and darker spots depending on to what direction the sharply-represented layer has been corrected with respect to the basic shape determined by the mechanical system.
  • the rotary motion motor is a constant-speed motor; in consequence it has been possible to change the layer being photographed sharply only by changing the speed of the film cartridge.
  • This procedure has the inevitable consequence that the exposing time will change directly proportionally to the film cartridge transport speed, and the picture will not be evenly exposed; instead, it will have lighter and darker spots depending on to what direction the sharply-represented layer has been corrected with respect to the basic shape determined by the mechanical system.
  • the necessary correction in order to compensate the absorption of radiation caused by the cervical spine, because always at least one of the motors is of the constant-speed type.
  • control signals for motor drives are derived from the contour of the dentition by means of a plate which is covered by contacts on which the patient exerts a pressure by biting, so that the contacts whose position corresponds to the shape of the dentition are actuated.
  • the contour of the dentition is determined by an arithmetic unit which supplies the control signals for the drive motors.
  • the reference thus starts from the assumption that jaws of any shape can be photographed without restriction. Therefore, the reference requires, in addition to a film transport motor and a rotary motion motor of a tube head, two separate motors and complicated x-y mechanisms for movement in the direction of the center of rotation x and y.
  • the new X-ray apparatus as defined in the description is constructed in such a way that the center of rotation of said arm is smoothly guided along a curved, mechanically predetermined and fixed path, which path is the same irrespective of the shape and size of the jaw being photographed, that in the front area of the dental arch the said arm rotates (sector c) around said fixed vertical axis (02), and before and after said fixed rotation (sector c) the center of rotation of said arm (u) smoothly moves along said curved path (sector d) to a predetermined vertical axis (03), and in the end areas of the dental arch the vertical axis of rotation further draws away along said curved path (sector e) from the center axis (a o ) of the jawbone (j) under photography, that said control system means is arranged to adjust the speed of said rotary motion motor and arranged to maintain the speed of said film transport motor substantially constant thereby driving the film of constant speed,
  • the speeds of both the rotary motion motor and the film cassette transport motor can be adjusted separately, and the control system also controls the kilovolt and milliampere values during the exposure, preferably continuously. It is also possible to use an automatic primary blind which is adjusted or changed by the same control system.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the photographing geometry and projection accomplished with the apparatus in accordance with the invention.
  • the X-ray tube is marked with reference number 10, its focus in different positions with references F o to F 6 .
  • the X-ray tube 10 transmits an X-ray beam X through the teeth T and the jawbone L onto a film 20 along the line a.
  • the passage of the X-ray X is shown in seven different positions a o to a o .
  • the X-ray tube is marked with 10', the film with 20' and the focus of the tube with F 6 .
  • the joints of the jawbone L are marked with J.
  • the arm 11 carrying the X-ray tube 10 on its one end and the cartridge 20 on its other end, rotates in the horizontal plane around the vertical axis O2
  • the center of rotation smoothly moves along a curved path to the vertical axis 0 3 , after which the vertical axis further draws away from the center axis a o .
  • the ortogonality of the representation comes true with good accuracy besides in the front dental arch area and in the side areas also in the rear part of the jawbone L up to the joints J.
  • Magnification will also be constant in the whole image field; this is proved by for instance the fact that the distance b o to b 5 of the film from the photographed layer is precisely enough constant over the whole path. As the distance b o to b s is constant, the film 20 can be brought closer to the patient P ( Figure 5) in order to reduce the magnification ratio without a risk of the film cartridge hitting the patient.
  • Figure 2 shows only schematically the mechanism with which the arm that connects the X-ray tube 10 and the film cartridge 20 is rotated in the horizontal plane around axis 13 and around other rotary axes located near it for instance according to the principle described in association with Figure 1.
  • a control system in accordance with the invention can be feasibly used in association with this mechanism, although the invention is by no means restricted to be used only in association with a mechanism in accordance with said Finnish application.
  • the apparatus comprises a frame 30, which can vertically be moved to a suitable working height on a base structure.
  • a horizontally rotating arm is suspended by means of for instance a mechanism in accordance with the Finnish patent application No. 852208, which arm, at one end, has the X-ray tube 10 supported by a vertical part 11a, and at the other end, supported by a vertical part 11b, has a film cartridge 20 containing the X-ray film RF, the transport mechanism, and other devices in accordance with the invention.
  • the rotating arm 11 is suspended by means of bearings 12a and 12b to be rotated around a vertical shaft.
  • the vertical shaft is not fixed but rotates horizontally with respect to the fixed frame 30 during the exposure.
  • the arm 11 is borne by for instance two opposite bevelled ball bearings 12a, 12b.
  • the arm 11 is rotated around the vertical shafts by a motor 31, whose axle has the drive wheel 33 at its end. Said drive wheel 33 is pressed by means of a spring 36 fastened to a pin 37 against the vertical side 35 of the drive groove 34.
  • the shape of the groove 34 is substantially similar to the main shape of the jawbone and the dental arch according to the details described in the Finnish patent application No. 852208.
  • the film cartridge is moved in the direction of the film plane with a film transport motor 21, which, at the end of its shaft, has a drive wheel 23, which has a driving contact with the flat top side 24 of the film cartridge or similar.
  • Motors 21 and 31 can suitably be for instance stepping motors or synchronous motors, which are controlled by means of the control system 100 in accordance with the invention.
  • the control system 100 also controls the drive motor 14 of the primary blind 15 and the X-ray generator 40 as is more closely described below.
  • Figure 2 illustrates in principle the structure of a control system in accordance with the invention, and one possible arrangement of its components in an X-ray apparatus for panoramic tomography.
  • an X-ray beam X is directed to the patient P from the focus F of the tube head 10.
  • the X-ray beam hits the film RF on the cartridge 20 creating onto the film a latent picture of the patient P.
  • the tube head 10 and the cartridge holder 20 turn around the patient along a motion path determined by the mechanism so that the motor 31 turns the tube head 10 and the arm 11 supporting the cartridge holder 20 with respect to the suspension 12a, 12b, 13 at a speed determined by the control system.
  • the film cartridge RF is simultaneously moved in its holder 20 with the motor 21 at a speed determined by the control system 100.
  • the system 100 has a keyboard and a dispaly for entering and monitoring control instructions, it also has control electronics required by the motors 21 and 31 and the tube head 10.
  • the system 100 is connected to its pheripherals by a cable 110.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates one possible embodiment of the control system.
  • the functions are controlled by a microprocessor 108 synchronized by a clock oscillator 107.
  • the microprocessor 108 also inherently contains a program memory 106 and a working memory 105.
  • the system is controlled by means of the keyboard 102 and the display 103.
  • a digital output section 109 is connected to the bus 104 of the microprocessor 108, with which the microprocessor controls the rotation directions and speeds of the rotary motion motor 31, the film transport motor 21 and the primary blind 13 by means of control electronic systems 112.
  • the microprocessor controls the X-ray generator 40 besides with the digital output section 109 also with the analog output section 113.
  • the generator feeds the tube head 10, of which, and also of the generator itself, the microprocessor gets status information via the analog/digital input section 114.
  • the different sections get their operating power from the power source 120.
  • the definition of the shape of the jaw can also be varied.
  • An example of this are curves D, E and F in Figure 5, of which the curve D illustrates the shape of an average jaw, the curve E illustrates such a jaw in which the location of the dental system is "box- like” and the curve F illustrates such a jaw in which the dental system is "boat-like".
  • the control system 100 always produces a sharp picture that is evenly exposed from edge to edge.
  • Curves C and H in Figure 6 show in principle in association with one mechanical embodiment how the drive speed v d of the rotary motion motor 31 is a function of time t during the exposure sequence to (curve G) and how the drive speed v f of the transport motor 21 of the film cartridge 20 is a function of time t (curve H).
  • curve G the drive speed of the film RF
  • curve H the drive speed v f of the transport motor 21 of the film cartridge 20
  • the curved sections G 1 and H 1 in the middle of the curves G and H illustrate how the speeds v d and v f are slowed down in these areas in order to increase the exposing time, however in constant mutual relation in order to keep the layer being photographed sharply in place.
  • the curves G and H are symmetrical with regard to the center line KK.
  • control system 100 separately controls the speeds of the motors 21 and 31, whereat it is possible to photograph sharply and with constant exposing time a jaw profile of almost any shape or size
  • the control system 100 will preferably at the same time control the X-ray generator 40.
  • the intention is to carry out the normal X-ray photographing with constant voltages and constant currents of the X-ray generator 40.
  • the invention makes it possible to also photograph desired areas with different anode voltages if required for instance for improving the contrast; it is also possible to omit . certain areas of the dental arch altogether from the X-ray photograph.
  • the exposing time can be kept constant by changing the speeds Vd and v, of the motors 21 and 31, even though the anode voltage of the X-ray tube is changed during the exposure sequence to.
  • the curve U 1 illustrates the anode voltage given to the X-ray tube; it is controlled from the keyboard 102 and dropped to zero after passing the condyle area.
  • the curve U 2 illustrates the anode voltage given at the front area of the dental arch; this anode voltage is interrupted for the time of the next check to be switched on again in the next condyle area (curve U 3 ). In normal photography the anode voltage will remain the same during the whole exposure (voltage Uo).
  • the system has an option for automatic changing of the primary blind so that it is possible with a suitable blind to horizontally crop off part of the radiation.
  • an example of this is photographing salivary glands or maxillary sinuses, in which, when operating in accordance with the invention, the radiation load on the patient will be reduced to about 20% when compared with a full- size panoramic X-ray photograph. This is particularly significant when the patient must attend long-term, regular observation and the allowed radiation load dose is in danger of being exceeded.
  • the top section of the radiation beam can be cropped off with a separate primary blind thus eliminating unnecessary radiation in the brain area.
  • the primary blind is changed to such a way that in the radiation beam X of the X-ray tube, next to the tube head 10, there is a board 15 made of material being able to obstruct radiation, in which board there are openings of the shape of the desired radiation beam X, or the shape of the opening can be changed by a control system.
  • the board 15 is moved by a motor so that an opening having the desired shape will be the primary blind of the radiation beam X, or alternatively the shape of the opening is changed by moving with a motor or motors the radiation-obstructing plates forming the edges of the opening.
  • Different embodiments, which will be described below, are illustrated in Figures 8, 9 and 10.
  • the motors of the blind 15 are marked with 14 and 14', which motors are controlled by a control system 100 in accordance with the invention.
  • the blind 15 comprises two motors 14 and 14', which drive two screws 52 located perpendicularly to each other.
  • screws 52 there are threaded sections 53a, 53b with opposite threads, to which the blind boards 54, 55 and 56, 57, edging the perpendicular beam opening X 5 , are fastened with a threaded part 50.
  • the motor 14 drives a threaded 53 screw 52 which moves the blind board 58 by means of a threaded part in the blind board 58,
  • the blind board 58 which is supported by rolls 60, 61 to be able to move horizontally, there is a set of different blind openings 62a, 62b, 62c, 62d and 62e, which may at will be, by means of the motor 14 controlled by the control system 100, moved in front of the X-ray beam X to limit the beam.
  • Figure 10 illustrates such variation of the device in Figure 9 which comprises a round blind board 59 suspended at its center to the frame of the device with a shaft 63.
  • the suitable one of the blind openings 62a, 62b, 62c, 62d or 62e may be selected.
  • panoramic tomography X-ray devices there is also an option for taking cephalostatic pictures, which has however usually been inconvenient and required special measures of the user of the equipment such as turning the tube head, manual changing of the primary blind, or for this purpose the apparatus has had for instance a separate tube head with a blind, which makes the apparatus expensive and complicated.
  • the operation may be carried out for instance in such a way that the a primary blind suitable for cephalostatic photography is substituted for the usual primary blind, the arm carrying tube head 10 and the cartridge holder 20 is driven to such a position with regard to the fixed suspension that the direction of the tube head 10 is correct with regard to the suspension carrying the cephalostat and consequently also with regard to the cephalostat, and by means of the transport motor 21 of the film cartridge 20 the cartridge and other possible fastenings of the cartridge are driven to such a position that the X-ray beam X o freely passes through an opening 18a formed to the cartridge head 18 through the patient P onto the X-ray film RF, which is in the cartridge 19 fastened to the caphalostat.
  • control system 100 has without any additions a full readiness to act as the control system for cephalostatic photography, only a cephalostate known as such must be added to the panoramic tomography X-ray apparatus.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Cameras Adapted For Combination With Other Photographic Or Optical Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
EP86850287A 1985-09-13 1986-09-02 Control system of an x-ray apparatus for panoramic tomography Expired - Lifetime EP0215757B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86850287T ATE55048T1 (de) 1985-09-13 1986-09-02 Steuersystem fuer ein panorama-roentgengeraet.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI853524 1985-09-13
FI853524A FI89313C (fi) 1985-09-13 1985-09-13 Styrsystem foer panoramatomografiroentgenanordning

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0215757A2 EP0215757A2 (en) 1987-03-25
EP0215757A3 EP0215757A3 (en) 1987-06-16
EP0215757B1 true EP0215757B1 (en) 1990-08-01

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Family Applications (1)

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EP86850287A Expired - Lifetime EP0215757B1 (en) 1985-09-13 1986-09-02 Control system of an x-ray apparatus for panoramic tomography

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US (1) US4783793A (fi)
EP (1) EP0215757B1 (fi)
JP (1) JPS6266841A (fi)
AT (1) ATE55048T1 (fi)
DE (1) DE3673106D1 (fi)
FI (1) FI89313C (fi)

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JP2004536643A (ja) * 2001-07-25 2004-12-09 デンツプライ インターナショナル インコーポレーテッド 実時間デジタルｘ線撮像装置
US7086859B2 (en) * 2003-06-10 2006-08-08 Gendex Corporation Compact digital intraoral camera system
EP1551302B1 (en) 2002-07-25 2012-02-08 Gendex Corporation Real-time digital x-ray imaging apparatus and method
JP2005052536A (ja) * 2003-08-07 2005-03-03 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd パノラマｘ線撮影装置
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KR101361076B1 (ko) * 2012-03-12 2014-02-11 (주)제노레이 Ｘ선 촬영장치
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JPS60137352A (ja) * 1983-12-27 1985-07-20 朝日レントゲン工業株式会社 歯科用ｘ線全顎ならびに頭部規格撮影装置
JPS60160947A (ja) * 1984-02-01 1985-08-22 株式会社モリタ製作所 パノラマｘ線撮影装置
DE3227784C2 (de) * 1984-02-02 1984-10-11 Ernst Dr. Dr. med. 2800 Bremen Menke Panoramaröntgengerät für zahn- und kiefermedizinische Anwendungen
US4711250A (en) 1986-09-09 1987-12-08 Gilbaugh Jr James H Hand-held medical syringe actuator device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI89313B (fi) 1993-05-31
FI853524A0 (fi) 1985-09-13
ATE55048T1 (de) 1990-08-15
EP0215757A2 (en) 1987-03-25
FI853524L (fi) 1987-03-14
US4783793A (en) 1988-11-08
FI89313C (fi) 1995-12-04
DE3673106D1 (de) 1990-09-06
EP0215757A3 (en) 1987-06-16
JPS6266841A (ja) 1987-03-26

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