Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3723—Polyamines or polyalkyleneimines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
  • A01N47/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides containing —N=CX2 groups, e.g. isothiourea
  • A01N47/44—Guanidine; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • A61K8/43—Guanidines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L12/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising contact lenses; Accessories therefor
  • A61L12/08—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
  • A61L12/14—Organic compounds not covered by groups A61L12/10 or A61L12/12
  • A61L12/141—Biguanides, e.g. chlorhexidine
  • A61L12/142—Polymeric biguanides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
  • A61Q17/005—Antimicrobial preparations
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/0078—Compositions for cleaning contact lenses, spectacles or lenses
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/48—Medical, disinfecting agents, disinfecting, antibacterial, germicidal or antimicrobial compositions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/52—Stabilizers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/52—Stabilizers
  • A61K2800/524—Preservatives

Definitions

• This invention relates to cosmetic compositions and, more specifically, to such compositions containing an antimicrobial preservative.
• Preservatives are desirable additions to cosmetic products for inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. In higher concentrations, certain substances also function as antiseptic or anti-fungal agents. Nevertheless, due to the ability to irritate the skin and create other dermatologic reactions, preservatives in cosmetic products must not exceed specific authorized concentrations.
• preservatives examples include benzoic acid, salts and esters (0.5%), propionic acid and its salts (2%-acid) and polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (0.3%).
• Polyhexamethylene biguanide also known as PHMB
• PHMB Polyhexamethylene biguanide
• the present invention is based on the discovery that cosmetic formulations comprising various aqueous solutions, aqueous suspensions, powders, gels, creams, cakes, water base ointments, pastes and the like can be preserved with unexpectedly low concentrations of PHMB when a buffer is included in the formulation.
• concentration of PHMB is reduced even more by including components which are surprisingly synergistic with PHMB.
• the preserved cosmetic compositions of the present invention are especially suitable for use near the eyes.
• compositions of the invention have a wide spectrum of bactericidal and fungicidal or bacteriostatic and fungistatic activity, because of the low concentration of PHMB which the invention makes possible, the novel compositions also are non-toxic and non-irritating to the skin.
• This invention provides a non-toxic, non-irritating cosmetic composition which is preserved against microbial or fungal growth, the composition comprising an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion, a microbicidally effective amount of a biguanide or water-soluble salt thereof, in combination with a buffer system, said biguanide having the formula:
• n is from 1 to 500.
• the biguanides for use in the present invention include hexamethylene biguanides, their polymers and water-soluble salts of such base compounds and polymers.
• the polymers have molecular weights of up to about 100,000 and are present in amounts from about 0.5 to about 100 parts by weight per hundred parts of the cosmetic composition.
• the antibacterial action of the biguanide-containing compositions described herein may also be supplemented by the addition of other germicidal agents. Because the overall germicidal activity of such combinations will in some instances be greater than when each is used separately, the concentration of total disinfectant in solution can be lowered, further reducing the potential adverse toxic reactions..
• compositions of the present invention are effective at low concentrations against a wide spectrum of microorganisms, including but not limited to S. epidermidis, C. albicans, A. fumigatus, etc.
• the compositions contain as their principal microbicide a biguanide of formula I, including low molecular weight oligomers where n averages from 4 to 7, high molecular weight long chain polymers up to approximately 100,000 M.W., as well as individual monomers of such polymers where n is 1.
• the biguanides can be in the form of water-soluble salts of the free bases, such as hydrochloride and borate salts, acetate, gluconate, sulfonate, tartrate and citrate salts.
• water-soluble salts e.g. , hydrochloride
• the value for n generally averages between 2 and 12, and more specifically from 3 to 8.
• one preferred group of water-soluble biguanides described herein will have average molecular weights of at least 1,000 and more particularly from 1,000 to 50,000 M. .
• polymeric and monomeric biguanides within the foregoing broad definition for use in the solutions of the present invention is surprising and unexpected, since polymers in the higher molecular weight ranges usually demonstrate lower toxicity levels than corresponding lower molecular weight materials.
• the monomer e.g. , hexa ethylene biguanide hydrochloride, provides good bactericidal activity at low concentrations as does polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride wherein n averages 4 to 7.
• the cosmetic compositions of this invention contain a buffer, preferably a borate buffer, e.g., boric acid, sodium borate, potassium tetraborate, potassium metaborate or mixtures of the same.
• a borate buffer is exceptionally effective in permitting the use of concentrations of PHMB in cosmetic compositions which are lower than would be microbicidally effective without a buffer or with other buffers.
• buffers in this category are sodium or potassium citrate, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate and various mixed phosphate buffers, including combinations of Na-HPO, NaH-PO. and KH-PO..
• buffers may be used in amounts ranging from about 0.05 to about 2.5 percent, and more preferably, from about 0.1 to about 1.5 percent (w/w) .
• PHMB Borate buffers yield best results with PHMB at concentrations from about 0.1 to about 2.5 weight percent for boric acid and about 0.10 to about 1.5 weight percent for sodium borate.
• Suitable sequestering agents include ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), gluconic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid and their salts, e.g. , sodium.
• EDTA ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid
• gluconic acid gluconic acid
• citric acid citric acid
• tartaric acid tartaric acid
• salts e.g. , sodium.
• the foregoing surfactants, when employed as a buffer enhancer will be present in an amount from 0.0001 percent to 5.0 percent (w/w) percent to 5.0 percent (w/w).
• the amphoteric charged surfactant molecule consists of a relatively complex organic portion with a net positive or negative charge.
• the latter charge is balanced by a positive or negative counterion; (e.g. , Na + , C1-) which is not connected to the molecule by a between the oppositely charged moieties.
• the complex organic portion referred to above contains both positive and negative charges (at least one of each).
• electrical neutrality is provided by counterions, both negative and positive counterions being required for the same molecule.
• the uncharged portion of the amphoteric molecule contains hydrophobic groups (the charged portions usually function as a part of the hydrophilic groups) and may contain non-charged (i.e. non-ionic) hydrophilic groups.
• a preferred amphoteric surfactant molecule of this invention is illustrated by the following chemical structures:
• R represents a fatty acid radical of C -C , e.g., coconut oil which is a mixture of lauric, myristic, oleic, stearic, palmitic and other similar acids; lauric acid; capric acid; caprylic and ethylhexoic acid; oleic acid; linoleic acid and stearic acid; R 2 is -7-
• M and M. are cation salt forming groups, such as hydrogen or alkali metals
• X is OH
• the acid group of an anionic surface active agent e.g. , sodium lauryl sulfate or sodium lauryl sulfonate
• R.. is H or
• n is an integer from 1 to 40.
• Materials of this type are offered commercially from the Miranol Chemical Co., Doyton, NJ 08810 under the trade name "Miranol.”
• Typical examples of ionized amphoteric salts are shown below:
• these compounds can be monocarboxylate, dicarboxylates or sulfonates.
• the counterions in the first example are Na and CH _H» ⁇ 0S0_ - and in the second example Na and OH .
• amphoteric surfactants is given by the following chemical structure in the ionized form:
• R is a hydrophobe radical such as methyl octadecyl, methyldodecyl, methyloctadecenyl, etc.
• M is an alkali metal, such as Na, K, etc.
• X is the negative part of an agent, such as CH_0S0 3 , C 2 H-OS0 3 , Cl, Br, etc.
• n is an integer from 1 to 40. Materials of this type are available commercially from Armstrong Chemical Co., Inc., Janesville, WI 53545 under the trade name Sanac. This molecule has a nonionic functionality ⁇ *, (C2 threadH4.O)nH.
• amphoteric surfactants may be exemplified by the following chemical structure, in the ionized form:
• R is a fatty acid radical or other hydrophobe radical
• R 2 is an alkyl or substituted alkyl radical
• Z is a sulfate or sulfonic group, e.g. , -SO., -CH 2 CH 2 S0 3
• M is an alkali metal such as Na or R
• x is the negative radical from a quaternizing reagent such as CH-OS0 3 , C 2 H_OS0 3 , Cl, Br. etc.
• amphoteric surfactants may be exemplified by the following chemical structure in the ionized form: -10-
• R is alkylene having 12 to 13 atoms and R-C0- taken together as the acid radical such as coconut acid.
• Materials of this type are exemplified by cocoamidopropyl betaine commercially available from Stephen Chemical Co., Northfield, IL 60093 under the trade name Amphosol CA.
• dual quaternary ammonium compositions are described in U.S. patent 3,525,793 and 3,472,939 and are commercially available from Onyx Chemical Company, Jersey City, NJ under the trademark BTS 2125M.
• neutral or non-ionic surfactants When used, neutral or non-ionic surfactants impart cleaning and conditioning properties and are usually present in amounts up to 15 weight percent.
• the surfactant should be soluble in the cosmetic composition, non-irritating to eye and other tissues and still usually have a hydrophilic-lipophile balance (HLB) of 12.4 to 18.8.
• Satisfactory non-ionic surfactants include polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, e.g. , coconut, polysorbate, polyoxyethylene or polyoxypropylene ethers of higher alkanes (C 12 -C. fi ).
• Examples of the preferred class include polysorbate 20 (available from ICI Americas Inc., Wilmington, DE 19897 under the trademark Tween 20), polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether (Brig® 35), polyoxyethylene (40) stearate (Myrj® 52), polyoxyethylene (25) propylene glycol stearate (Atlas ® G 2612).
• Brij® 35, Myrj ® 52 and Atlas ® G 2612 are trademarks of, and are commercially available from ICI Americas Inc., Wilmington, DE 19897.
• Non-ionic surfactant in particular, consisting of a poly (oxypropylene) -poly (oxyethylene) adduct of ethylene diamine having a molecular weight from about 7,50 to about 27,000 wherein at least 40 weight percent of said adduct is poly (oxyethylene), has been found to be particularly advantageous when used in amounts from about 0.01 to about 15 weight percent.
• CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary's adopted name for this group of surfactants is poloxamine.
• Such surfactants are available from BASF Wyandotte Corp., Wyandotte, Michigan, under the registered trademark "Tetronic”.
• An analogous series of surfactants is the poloxamine series which is a polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene block polymers available from BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, NJ 07054 under the trademark "Pluronic".
• amphoteric, cationic and non-ionic surfactants suitable for use in the invention can be readily ascertained, in view of the foregoing description, from McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American Edition, McCutcheon Division, MC Publishing Co., Glen Rock, NJ 07452.
• a second disinfectant/germicide can be employed as a solution preservative, but it may also function to potentiate, complement or broaden the spectrum of microbicidal activity of PHMB.
• Suitable complementary germicidal agents include, but are not limited to thimerosal, sorbic acid, 1,5-pentanediol, alkyl triethanolamines, phenylmercuric salts, e.g.
• Suitable salts are soluble in water at ambient temperature to the extent of at east 0.5 weight percent. These salts include the gluconate, isothionate (2-hydroxyethanesulfonate), formate, acetate, glutamate, succinanate, monodiglycollate, dimethanesulfonate, lactate, diisobutyrate and glucoheptonate.
• potentiating or complementary disinfecting agents for use with PHMB also include certain quaternary ammonium compounds which possess a generally wide spectrum of bactericidal activity and wetting properties.
• Representative examples of the quaternary ammonium compounds are compositions comprised of balanced mixtures of n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides.
• the PHMD buffer preservative systems are adequate at the level of from about 0.5 ppm to about 100 ppm to preserve the products by inhibiting microbial and fungal growth.
• Cosmetic products of particular interest within the scope of the instant invention include but are not limited to eye makeup remover, mascara and eye shadow.
• the PHMD buffer/preserva ⁇ tive system works in aqueous solution, aqueous suspension, powders, gels, creams, cakes, water base ointments, pastes and the like.
• the buffer is preferably a borate, e.g. , boric acid, sodium borate, potassium tetraborate, potassium metaborate or mixtures of the same.
• the concentration of PHMB in the compositions of the invention can range from about 0.5 ppm to about 100 ppm, which is lower than the prior art suggests for cosmetic compositions containing PHMB, the concentration in cosmetic compositions having high solids content should be substantially above the lower end of the range.
• cosmetic creams, pastes, cakes, powders and the like have a substantially higher solids content than aqueous solutions and gels such as the aqueous eye makeup remover and the gel eye makeup remover described in examples hereinafter.
• the concentration of PHMB should be in the range from about 10 to about 100 ppm and preferably is in the range from about 40 to about 60 ppm. At these concentrations PHMB when used with a buffer such as borate is effective for preserving the compositions and the compositions are essentially nonirritating to the skin.
• the PHMD preservative can be incorporated into the cosmetic formulations according to conventional procedures well known in the art. Typically, the formulation process depends upon the aqueous nature of the preservative system. For example, if the product has an oil phase, it may be desirable to create an oil-in-water emulsion. Nevertheless, the exact method of preparation is not critical to this invention.
• An aqueous eye makeup remover is prepared with the following formulation:
• Poloxamine 407 Surfactant 1. , 00
• Poloxamine 407 Surfactant 22. .00
• a crea ⁇ eye makeup remover is prepared with the following formulation:
• Purified water q.s. to 100.0 1.
• the product of Example III may be prepared by mixing the ingredients of Parts A, B and C separately. The mixtures of Parts A and B are then emulsified together. Part C is added to the emulsified material to produce the final product.
• a cake mascara is prepared with the following formulation:
• a liquid eye shadow is prepared with the following formulation:
• a cationic cellulosic resin available from Union Carbide Co.. Danbury, CT.
• a mixture of certain ingredients enhances the capacity of the PHMB preservative to withstand microbial insult and also widens the range of microorganisms against which the cosmetic composition is protected.
• Such a preferred composition contains, in addition to PHMB and the selected cosmetic ingredients, a second antimicrobial preservative such as diazolidinyl urea, the borate buffer system (sodium borate and boric acid) and an amphoteric or non-ionic surfactant.
• a preferred amphoteric surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine and a preferred non-ionic surfactant is the poloxamine known as "Tetronic 1107" surfactant.
• Preferred concentration ranges for the components of this kind of synergistic composition are:

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• 1985
  • 1985-08-28 CA CA000489522A patent/CA1259542A/en not_active Expired
  • 1985-09-09 EP EP19850306391 patent/EP0180309B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1985-09-09 DE DE8585306391T patent/DE3585400D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1985-09-26 EP EP19850904943 patent/EP0197985A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1985-09-26 WO PCT/US1985/001880 patent/WO1986002001A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1985-09-27 JP JP21437085A patent/JPH0649642B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1985-09-27 ES ES547368A patent/ES8802091A1/es not_active Expired
• 1992
  • 1992-04-03 SG SG38292A patent/SG38292G/en unknown
  • 1992-05-28 HK HK39292A patent/HK39292A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1993
  • 1993-12-22 JP JP5325148A patent/JP2554237B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime

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