EP0182138A2 - Underframes for railway freight cars - Google Patents
Underframes for railway freight cars Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0182138A2 EP0182138A2 EP85113438A EP85113438A EP0182138A2 EP 0182138 A2 EP0182138 A2 EP 0182138A2 EP 85113438 A EP85113438 A EP 85113438A EP 85113438 A EP85113438 A EP 85113438A EP 0182138 A2 EP0182138 A2 EP 0182138A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hollow
- longitudinal
- bearers
- base frame
- beams
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F1/00—Underframes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a base frame for rail freight wagons without torsionally rigid car bodies, in which the longitudinal members absorb the horizontal longitudinal forces and vertical forces from the load or the longitudinal members bear the horizontal longitudinal forces and the longitudinal members and between these fixed cross members the vertical forces from the load.
- the torsional stiffness of the wagon In order to ensure derailment security for long two-axle freight wagons, the torsional stiffness of the wagon must therefore be precisely defined, the torsional stiffness depending on the length over buffers and the weight of the wagon. The lighter the car, the higher the torsional stiffness.
- the object of the present invention was to find a component for railway freight wagons of the type mentioned at the outset which, if retrofitted, or with torsional behavior determined in prototypes, determines the torsional value of the undercarriage and thus the railway freight wagon within the permissible values with little economic effort.
- hollow beams are arranged between the outer longitudinal beams of the undercarriage in the transverse direction of the carriage and are connected to the longitudinal beams in a torsion-resistant manner.
- Each hollow beam is designed to be torsionally rigid. Thanks to the hollow beams, which are designed to be torsionally rigid, the base frame of the rail freight wagon and thus the entire rail freight wagon can be designed to be torsionally rigid within the specified target values.
- the hollow beams can be box-shaped with a rectangular cross-section and as a component integrated in the crossbeams of the base frame for the additional transfer of vertical forces.
- the hollow support can be tubular with a round cross section.
- the hollow girders are arranged either in the longitudinal center of the wagon or if several hollow girders have to be arranged symmetrically on both sides to the middle of the wagon or in the middle of the wagon and symmetrically on both sides to the middle of the wagon. Due to the possible arrangement of one or more hollow girders, extremely torsion-resistant underframes with the requisite torsional stiffness. When the hollow girders are designed as a box-shaped component, they can replace one or more cross girders and can also be used to transfer the vertical forces arising from the payload.
- hollow beams 2 are arranged between the outer side members 1 and connected to the outer side members 1 in a torsion-resistant manner.
- the hollow beams 2 are box-shaped with a rectangular cross section, the wall thickness of each hollow beam and its cross section being dimensioned in accordance with the torsional forces to be absorbed. Openings 3 are arranged in the underside 2a of the hollow beam, by means of the dimensioning of which a subsequent fine-tuning of the torsional rigidity can be achieved.
- Each hollow beam 2 is integrated into the system of the cross member 4 of the base frame that it is used either directly as a support for the floor 5 or indirectly via the floor support 6 to support the floor 5.
- the arrangement of the hollow beams 2 can be in depending on the required torsional rigidity of the base
- the underframes for pulling the rail freight wagons are sufficiently torsionally soft to keep wheel relief in the area of canting ramps, in particular S-curves, and in the event of track errors within the permissible limits, and on the other hand sufficiently rigid for pushing the rail freight wagons are in order to keep the wheel relief of the wheels on the inside of the curve within the permissible limits.
- the torsional stiffness is higher the lighter and / or longer the rail freight wagons are.
- the number of crossbeams which are always required apart from the hollow beams and are fixedly arranged between the longitudinal beams is not important for the application of the invention.
- Carriage longitudinal center symmetrical on both sides of the carriage longitudinal center or in the carriage longitudinal center and symmetrically on both sides of the carriage longitudinal center.
- tubular hollow girders 9 with a round cross section are arranged in the underframe of the railroad freight wagon between outer longitudinal beams 8.
- the dimensioning of these hollow beams 9 in cross-section and in their wall thickness is again carried out in accordance with the required torsional rigidity.
- these tubular hollow beams 9 can again be arranged in the longitudinal center of the wagon, symmetrically on both sides of the wagon longitudinal center or in the wagon longitudinal center and symmetrically on both sides of the wagon longitudinal center.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Vibration Dampers (AREA)
- Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
- Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
- Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
- Surface Acoustic Wave Elements And Circuit Networks Thereof (AREA)
- Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Untergestell für Eisenbahngüterwagen ohne verwindungssteifen Wagenkasten, bei dem Längsträger die horizontalen Längskräfte und vertikalen Kräfte aus Zuladung oder Längsträger die horizontalen Längskräfte und die Längsträger und zwischen diesen fest angeordnete Querträger die vertikalen Kräfte aus Zuladung aufnehmen.The invention relates to a base frame for rail freight wagons without torsionally rigid car bodies, in which the longitudinal members absorb the horizontal longitudinal forces and vertical forces from the load or the longitudinal members bear the horizontal longitudinal forces and the longitudinal members and between these fixed cross members the vertical forces from the load.
Aufgrund der zu erwartenden Einführung der automatischen Mittenpufferkupplung wurden in der Vergangenheit durch die UIC-Vorschriften ORE B 125 und ORE B 55 bei zweiachsigen Eisenbahngüterwagen möglichst verwindungsweiche Untergestelle entwickelt, damit in Überhöhungsrampen und bei Gleisfehlern eine möglichst geringe Radentlastung auftritt. Moderne zweiachsige Eisenbahngüterwagen haben jedoch inzwischen eine so große Länge über Puffer erreicht, daß beim Nachschieben von Zugteilen diese Wagen extrem zur Entgleisung neigen. Die Radentlastung des kurveninneren Rades wird dabei bei zunehmender Wagenlänge unzulässig hoch, so daß die Entgleisungssicherheit nicht mehr gewährleistet ist. Um bei langen zweiachsigen Güterwagen die Entgleisungssicherheit zu gewährleisten, muß daher die Verwindungssteifigkeit des Wagens genau definiert sein, wobei die Verwindungssteifigkeit in Abhängigkeit von der Länge über Puffer und von dem Eigengewicht des Wagens steht. Hierbei muß die Verwindungssteifigkeit um so höher sein, je leichter der Wagen ist.Due to the expected introduction of the automatic center buffer coupling, the UIC regulations ORE B 125 and ORE B 55 in the past have been used to develop torsionally soft bases for two-axle rail freight wagons so that the lowest possible wheel relief occurs in canting ramps and track errors. However, modern two-axle rail freight wagons have now reached such a great length over buffers that these wagons are extremely prone to derailment when trains are being pushed. The relief of the wheel on the inside of the curve becomes impermissibly high as the length of the car increases, so that derailment safety is no longer guaranteed. In order to ensure derailment security for long two-axle freight wagons, the torsional stiffness of the wagon must therefore be precisely defined, the torsional stiffness depending on the length over buffers and the weight of the wagon. The lighter the car, the higher the torsional stiffness.
Da jedoch auch über moderne Rechnersysteme die Verwindungswerte eines Eisenbahngüterwagen-Untergestells bzw. eines Eisenbahngüterwagen-Untergestells mit verwindungsweichem Aufbau nur annähernd zu ermitteln sind, muß über Versuchsprogramme an Prototypen die exakte Verwindungssteifigkeit des Eisenbahngüterwagens nachgewiesen werden.However, since the torsional values of a rail freight wagon underframe or a rail freight wagon underframe with a torsionally soft structure can only be determined approximately using modern computer systems, the exact torsional stiffness of the rail freight wagon must be verified using test programs on prototypes.
Die Aufgabe-vorliegender Erfindung bestand darin, für Eisenbahngüterwagen der eingangs genannten Art ein Bauelement zu finden, das bei gegebenenfalls nachträglichem Einbau oder bei in Prototypen ermitteltem Torsionsverhalten bei geringem wirtschaftlichen Aufwand den Verwindungswert des Untergestells und damit des Eisenbahngüterwagens innerhalb der zulässigen Werte genau festlegt.The object of the present invention was to find a component for railway freight wagons of the type mentioned at the outset which, if retrofitted, or with torsional behavior determined in prototypes, determines the torsional value of the undercarriage and thus the railway freight wagon within the permissible values with little economic effort.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß zwischen den äußeren Längsträgern des Untergestells in Wagenquerrichtung Hohlträger angeordnet und mit den Längsträger torsionsfest verbunden sind. Hierbei ist jeder Hohlträger definiert torsionssteif ausgebildet. Durch die definiert torsionssteif ausgebildeten Hohlträger kann das Untergestell des Eisenbahngüterwagens und damit der gesamte Eisenbahngüterwagen genau definiert im Rahmen der vorgegebenen Sollwerte torsionssteif ausgebildet werden. Die Hohlträger können dabei nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung kastenförmig mit rechteckigem Querschnitt und als in die Querträger des Untergestells integriertes Bauteil zur zusätzlichen Überleitung von Vertikalkräften ausgebildet sein. Der Querschnitt des Hohlträgers, seine Wandstärke oder in der Unterseite des Hohlträgers angeordnete Öffnungen, deren Größe und Form die Torsionssteifigkeit des Hohlträgers bestimmen, bestimmen dabei die Torsionssteifigkeit des gesamten Untergestells und damit des Eisenbahngüterwagens.This object is achieved according to the invention in that hollow beams are arranged between the outer longitudinal beams of the undercarriage in the transverse direction of the carriage and are connected to the longitudinal beams in a torsion-resistant manner. Each hollow beam is designed to be torsionally rigid. Thanks to the hollow beams, which are designed to be torsionally rigid, the base frame of the rail freight wagon and thus the entire rail freight wagon can be designed to be torsionally rigid within the specified target values. According to one embodiment of the invention, the hollow beams can be box-shaped with a rectangular cross-section and as a component integrated in the crossbeams of the base frame for the additional transfer of vertical forces. The cross section of the hollow girder, its wall thickness or openings arranged in the underside of the hollow girder, the size and shape of which determine the torsional rigidity of the hollow girder, determine the torsional rigidity of the entire underframe and thus of the rail freight wagon.
Nach einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung kann der Hohlträger rohrförmig mit rundem Querschnitt ausgebildet sein.According to another embodiment of the invention, the hollow support can be tubular with a round cross section.
Die Hohlträger sind dabei entweder in Wagenlängsmitte oder bei erforderlicher Anordnung mehrerer Hohlträger beidseitig symmetrisch zur Wagenlängsmitte oder in Wagenlängsmitte und beidseitig symmetrisch zur Wagenlängsmitte angeordnet. Durch die mögliche Anordnung eines oder mehrerer Hohlträger können dabei auch extrem verwindungsweiche Untergestelle mit der erforderlichen Verwindungssteifigkeit ausgerüstet werden. Bei der Ausbildung der Hohlträger als kastenförmiges Bauteil kann dieser einen oder mehrere Querträger ersetzen und zur Überleitung der aus der Zuladung entstehenden Vertikalkräfte mitverwendet werden.The hollow girders are arranged either in the longitudinal center of the wagon or if several hollow girders have to be arranged symmetrically on both sides to the middle of the wagon or in the middle of the wagon and symmetrically on both sides to the middle of the wagon. Due to the possible arrangement of one or more hollow girders, extremely torsion-resistant underframes with the requisite torsional stiffness. When the hollow girders are designed as a box-shaped component, they can replace one or more cross girders and can also be used to transfer the vertical forces arising from the payload.
Einzelheiten der Erfindung sind anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen in der Zeichnung erläutert.Details of the invention are explained using exemplary embodiments in the drawing.
Es zeigen
- Fig. 1 einen vertikalen Längsschnitt durch das Untergestell eines Eisenbahngüterwagens der Erfindung in schematischer Darstellung,
- Fig. 2 die Draufsicht auf das Untergestell nach Fig. 1 zum Teil aufgebrochen in schematischer Darstellung,
- Fig. 3 einen vertikalen Längsschnitt durch das Untergestell eines Eisenbahngüterwagens gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung in schematischer Darstellung,
- Fig. 4 die Draufsicht auf das Untergestell nach Fig. 3 in schematischer Darstellung.
- 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through the underframe of a railway freight wagon of the invention in a schematic representation,
- 2 shows a top view of the base frame according to FIG. 1, partly broken away, in a schematic illustration,
- 3 shows a vertical longitudinal section through the underframe of a rail freight wagon according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic illustration,
- Fig. 4 is a plan view of the base frame of FIG. 3 in a schematic representation.
In dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Untergestell eines Eisenbahngüterwagens sind zwischen den äußeren Längsträgern 1 Hohlträger 2 angeordnet und mit den äußeren Längsträgern 1 torsionsfest verbunden. Die Hohlträger 2 sind dabei kastenförmig mit rechteckigem Querschnitt ausgebildet, wobei die Wandstärke jedes Hohlträgers und dessen Querschnitt entsprechend den aufzunehmenden Torsionskräften dimensioniert sind. In die Unterseite 2a des Hohlträgers sind dabei Öffnungen 3 angeordnet, mittels deren Dimensionierung eine gegebenenfalls nachträgliche Feinabstimmung der Torsionssteifigkeit erreicht werden kann. Jeder Hohlträger 2 ist dabei so in das System der Querträger 4 des Untergestells integriert, daß er entweder direkt als Auflage für den Fußboden 5 oder indirekt über Fußbodenträqer 6 zur Auflage des Fußbodens 5 mitverwendet wird. Die Anordnung der Hohlträger 2 kann dabei je nach erforderlicher Verwindungssteifigkeit des Untergestells inIn the underframe of a railway freight wagon shown in FIG. 1,
Einschub für Seite 3 nach Zeile 4:
- Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen des Erfindungsgegenstandes, die insbesondere die Torsionsfestigkeit der Verbindung der Hohlträger mit den Längsträgern gewährleisten sowie bevorzugte Anwendungen der Erfindung kennzeichnen, sind in weiteren Ansprüchen enthal-5ten.
- Appropriate embodiments of the subject matter of the invention, which in particular ensure the torsional strength of the connection of the hollow beams to the longitudinal beams and characterize preferred applications of the invention, are contained in further claims.
Insgesamt wird durch die Erfindung erreicht, daß die Untergestelle für das Ziehen der Eisenbahngüterwagen hinreichend verwindungsweich sind, um Radentlastungen im Bereich von Überhöhungsrampen, insbesondere S-Kurven, und bei Gleisfehlern in den zulässigen Grenzen zu halten, und andererseits für das Schieben der Eisenbahngüterwagen hinreichend verwindungssteif sind, um die Radentlastungen der kurveninneren Räder ebenfalls in den zulässigen Grenzen zu halten. Hierbei ist die Verwindungssteifigkeit um so höher, je leichter und/oder länger die Eisenbahngüterwagen sind. Im übrigen kommt es für die Anwendung der Erfindung nicht auf die Anzahl der außer den Hohlträgern stets erforderlichen, zwischen den Längsträgern fest angeordneten Querträger an.Overall, it is achieved by the invention that the underframes for pulling the rail freight wagons are sufficiently torsionally soft to keep wheel relief in the area of canting ramps, in particular S-curves, and in the event of track errors within the permissible limits, and on the other hand sufficiently rigid for pushing the rail freight wagons are in order to keep the wheel relief of the wheels on the inside of the curve within the permissible limits. The torsional stiffness is higher the lighter and / or longer the rail freight wagons are. For the rest, the number of crossbeams which are always required apart from the hollow beams and are fixedly arranged between the longitudinal beams is not important for the application of the invention.
Wagenlängsmitte, symmetrisch beidseitig der Wagenlängsmitte oder in Wagenlängsmitte und symmetrisch beidseitig der Wagenlängsmitte erfolgen.Carriage longitudinal center, symmetrical on both sides of the carriage longitudinal center or in the carriage longitudinal center and symmetrically on both sides of the carriage longitudinal center.
In dem in den Figuren 3 und 4 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung sind in dem Untergestell des Eisenbahngüterwagens zwischen äußeren Längsträgern 8 rohrförmige Hohlträger 9 mit rundem Querschnitt angeordnet. Die Bemessung dieser Hohlträger 9 im Querschnitt und in ihrer Wandstärke erfolgt ebenfalls wieder entsprechend der geforderten Verwindungssteifigkeit. Die Anordnung dieser rohrförmigen Hohlträger 9 kann wie bei dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wieder in Wagenlängsmitte, beidseitig symmetrisch der Wagenlängsmitte oder in Wagenlängsmitte und beidseitig symmetrisch der Wagenlängsmitte erfolgen.In the exemplary embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, tubular
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT85113438T ATE57348T1 (en) | 1984-11-16 | 1985-10-23 | UNDERFRAMES FOR RAILWAY FREIGHT CARS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19843442046 DE3442046A1 (en) | 1984-11-16 | 1984-11-16 | BASE FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES |
DE3442046 | 1984-11-16 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0182138A2 true EP0182138A2 (en) | 1986-05-28 |
EP0182138A3 EP0182138A3 (en) | 1987-01-21 |
EP0182138B1 EP0182138B1 (en) | 1990-10-10 |
Family
ID=6250529
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP85113438A Expired - Lifetime EP0182138B1 (en) | 1984-11-16 | 1985-10-23 | Underframes for railway freight cars |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0182138B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE57348T1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ278887B6 (en) |
DD (1) | DD243678A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3442046A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK159385C (en) |
ES (1) | ES296329Y (en) |
FI (1) | FI85247C (en) |
HU (1) | HU195152B (en) |
NO (1) | NO166072C (en) |
PL (1) | PL151533B1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT81486B (en) |
RO (1) | RO94260B (en) |
SK (1) | SK807785A3 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0333152A2 (en) * | 1988-03-16 | 1989-09-20 | GRAAFF Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Frame for railroad wagon |
DE3911138A1 (en) * | 1989-04-06 | 1990-10-11 | Talbot Waggonfab | Underframe for double-axle railway goods wagons |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT394531B (en) * | 1990-01-19 | 1992-04-27 | Jenbacher Werke Ag | Rail vehicle, in particular double-axle goods wagon |
DE9314921U1 (en) * | 1993-10-01 | 1994-01-27 | Waggonbau Dessau Gmbh, 06844 Dessau | Base for rail freight wagons |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1030855B (en) * | 1945-03-02 | 1958-05-29 | Budd Co | Subframes for vehicles, especially railroad cars |
DE1046658B (en) * | 1958-01-08 | 1958-12-18 | Uerdingen Ag Waggonfabrik | Carrier system for mounting central buffer couplings on rail vehicles |
DD101344A1 (en) * | 1972-12-15 | 1973-11-12 | ||
DE2030278B2 (en) * | 1970-06-19 | 1974-03-07 | Waggonfabrik Talbot, 5100 Aachen | Underframe for two-axle rail vehicles |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE647984C (en) * | 1935-05-04 | 1937-07-17 | Daimler Benz Akt Ges | Frames for motor vehicles |
DD204665B1 (en) * | 1982-02-25 | 1986-12-10 | Niesky Waggonbau Veb | AXLE SUPPORT FOR 2-AXIS RAIL VEHICLES |
-
1984
- 1984-11-16 DE DE19843442046 patent/DE3442046A1/en active Granted
-
1985
- 1985-10-23 EP EP85113438A patent/EP0182138B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-10-23 AT AT85113438T patent/ATE57348T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-10-28 FI FI854230A patent/FI85247C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-11-07 RO RO120680A patent/RO94260B/en unknown
- 1985-11-08 CZ CS858077A patent/CZ278887B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-11-08 SK SK8077-85A patent/SK807785A3/en unknown
- 1985-11-11 DK DK519085A patent/DK159385C/en active
- 1985-11-11 PL PL1985256195A patent/PL151533B1/en unknown
- 1985-11-14 PT PT81486A patent/PT81486B/en unknown
- 1985-11-15 NO NO854566A patent/NO166072C/en unknown
- 1985-11-15 DD DD85282914A patent/DD243678A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-11-15 ES ES1985296329U patent/ES296329Y/en not_active Expired
- 1985-11-15 HU HU854373A patent/HU195152B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1030855B (en) * | 1945-03-02 | 1958-05-29 | Budd Co | Subframes for vehicles, especially railroad cars |
DE1046658B (en) * | 1958-01-08 | 1958-12-18 | Uerdingen Ag Waggonfabrik | Carrier system for mounting central buffer couplings on rail vehicles |
DE2030278B2 (en) * | 1970-06-19 | 1974-03-07 | Waggonfabrik Talbot, 5100 Aachen | Underframe for two-axle rail vehicles |
DD101344A1 (en) * | 1972-12-15 | 1973-11-12 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0333152A2 (en) * | 1988-03-16 | 1989-09-20 | GRAAFF Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Frame for railroad wagon |
EP0333152A3 (en) * | 1988-03-16 | 1990-04-25 | Graaff Kommanditgesellschaft | Frame for railroad wagon |
DE3911138A1 (en) * | 1989-04-06 | 1990-10-11 | Talbot Waggonfab | Underframe for double-axle railway goods wagons |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL151533B1 (en) | 1990-09-28 |
DD243678A5 (en) | 1987-03-11 |
HUT40043A (en) | 1986-11-28 |
DK519085D0 (en) | 1985-11-11 |
PT81486B (en) | 1987-09-18 |
PL256195A1 (en) | 1986-09-23 |
SK277953B6 (en) | 1995-09-13 |
DK159385B (en) | 1990-10-08 |
ES296329Y (en) | 1988-04-16 |
DK519085A (en) | 1986-05-17 |
CZ278887B6 (en) | 1994-08-17 |
NO166072C (en) | 1991-05-29 |
FI854230L (en) | 1986-05-17 |
HU195152B (en) | 1988-04-28 |
ATE57348T1 (en) | 1990-10-15 |
CZ807785A3 (en) | 1994-03-16 |
DK159385C (en) | 1991-04-08 |
EP0182138B1 (en) | 1990-10-10 |
ES296329U (en) | 1987-09-01 |
SK807785A3 (en) | 1995-09-13 |
PT81486A (en) | 1985-12-01 |
FI85247B (en) | 1991-12-13 |
EP0182138A3 (en) | 1987-01-21 |
FI85247C (en) | 1993-07-26 |
DE3442046A1 (en) | 1986-05-22 |
DE3442046C2 (en) | 1992-10-29 |
NO166072B (en) | 1991-02-18 |
RO94260B (en) | 1988-03-31 |
FI854230A0 (en) | 1985-10-28 |
NO854566L (en) | 1986-05-20 |
RO94260A (en) | 1988-03-30 |
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