EP0171448B1 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Reinigen von Stein- und Metalloberflächen - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Reinigen von Stein- und Metalloberflächen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0171448B1
EP0171448B1 EP84109681A EP84109681A EP0171448B1 EP 0171448 B1 EP0171448 B1 EP 0171448B1 EP 84109681 A EP84109681 A EP 84109681A EP 84109681 A EP84109681 A EP 84109681A EP 0171448 B1 EP0171448 B1 EP 0171448B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
air
water
jet
axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84109681A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0171448A1 (de
Inventor
Johann Szücs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cessione jos Verwaltungs & Co Gesellschaft F GmbH
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT84109681T priority Critical patent/ATE32317T1/de
Priority to EP84109681A priority patent/EP0171448B1/de
Priority to DE19843469145 priority patent/DE3469145D1/de
Priority to DE8519458U priority patent/DE8519458U1/de
Priority to HU853100A priority patent/HU194514B/hu
Priority to ES546176A priority patent/ES8608984A1/es
Publication of EP0171448A1 publication Critical patent/EP0171448A1/de
Priority to US06/946,617 priority patent/US4716690A/en
Priority to US07/076,243 priority patent/US5035090A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0171448B1 publication Critical patent/EP0171448B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
    • B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/10—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge producing a swirling discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/149—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material with separate inlets for a particulate material and a liquid to be sprayed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
    • B24C7/0084—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a mixture of liquid and gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cleaning stone and metal surfaces according to the preamble of claim 1, and an apparatus for performing this method according to claim 4.
  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for cleaning surfaces contaminated and attacked by atmospheric influences Stone and metal, such as B. such facades or stone and metal monuments.
  • the stone surfaces cleaned according to the invention can both artificial stone surfaces such. B. concrete surfaces or natural stone surfaces, such as. B. limestone or granite surfaces.
  • a cleaning method with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from US-PS-3,427,763.
  • a stream of pressurized water which was generated by means of a water pressure between 100 and 900 bar, sucks the blasting material in a mixing chamber from a channel entering the mixing chamber laterally, which has a grain size between 0.01 and about 3 mm and sand , Quartz, corundum, fly ash and the like can exist.
  • the water jet acts as a water jet pump and in this way draws in the particles. Because the blasting material particles are carried by a water jet and are hurled against the surface to be cleaned, the blasting material particles should not simply collide with the surface to be cleaned. Rather, they should, at least for the most part, be carried along by the sprayed water, slide along the surface and in this way clean this surface.
  • a major disadvantage of this known method is that the material to be processed is removed too much. Accordingly, the known method is used primarily for cleaning coarse components, such as castings and the like, and also as a cutting-off method in which the water jet loaded with blasting material saws a gap through the workpiece to be separated. The known method is therefore for cleaning valuable objects, such as. B. of historical buildings, monuments and the like not suitable. In practice, the known method cannot be carried out in such a way that only the top layer to be lifted is actually lifted off, but the material underneath is not impaired.
  • a device of the type specified is known from EP-A-0 069 875.
  • the invention aims to further develop the known method in such a way that the cleaning of the object surfaces can be done faster on the one hand, but on the other hand so that parts of the object surface are not removed or only to a negligible extent.
  • the cleaning is carried out flawlessly, i.e. without leaving any dirt residue, but also without discoloration and other adverse effects on the object surface, provided the method is used correctly.
  • the jet contains a high proportion of air gives it the character of a water-in-air dispersion.
  • the air contained under pressure at the beginning of the jet expands immediately when the jet emerges into the open and acts on the conical fanning out of the jet on all sides.
  • the rotation of the air-jet-water mixture works in the same sense. This also drives the jet apart radially on all sides.
  • the cross section of the jet grows approximately proportional to the square of the distance from the point of origin of the jet.
  • the velocity component of the jet in the direction of the jet axis i.e.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for sharp-edged blasting material, such as glass powder. Surprisingly, the surface to be cleaned is not removed inappropriately. Rather, the removal remains surprisingly low, even though the layers of dirt are removed properly. The applicant assumes that this is due to the fact that the method according to the invention responds to an unusually high degree to different hardnesses in the surface areas of the object to be cleaned. This means that the soft layers of dirt are removed quickly, while the stone material is hardly attacked by the blasting material particles sliding over its surface and probably also performing circular movements there.
  • An essential criterion of the method according to the invention is that it can be easily adjusted to the hardness of the surface to be processed and cleaned. If, for example, a limestone or marble facade is to be cleaned, the water pressure and thus also the pressure of the air supplying the blasting material will be chosen to be low, while for cleaning hard surfaces, such as, for. B. of granite surfaces or hard bronze surfaces, the pressure may be chosen relatively high.
  • Another advantage of the invention over the prior art is that not only is the rotation and expansion of the jet imparting a considerable speed component parallel to this surface to the blasting material particles before it hits the surface to be processed, but moreover the abrasive Effect of the blasting material in the invention distributed over a much larger area than was the case with the slim beams according to the prior art. This also has an especially mild abrasive effect. Surprisingly, this only gently removing effect of the cleaning jet according to the invention is sufficient to quickly achieve a perfect cleaning by removing the layers of dirt.
  • the proportion of air remains essentially constant. It is advantageously 0.5 to 3 times the water content, the air content should be greater the greater the water pressure. Air fractions from 0.7 to 1.5 have proven their worth.
  • a cleaning jet according to the invention does not have the relatively dark color of the water loaded with the blasting material. Rather, such a beam appears white.
  • the jet is preferably formed according to the invention by generating a mixture of sharp-edged blasting material, water and air in a mixing chamber which is under considerable excess pressure, rotating this mixture around an axis and spraying the rotating mixture along the axis. In this way, good mixing of air, blasting material and water can be achieved in the mixing chamber.
  • a relatively high pressure is maintained in the mixing chamber, which is also used to push the jet out of the mixing chamber, provided that this pushing out is not effected by maintaining the kinetic energy of the water jet entering the mixing chamber.
  • the air in the mixing chamber is still at a pressure which is only slightly below the pressure at which it was fed into the mixing chamber, its volume remains correspondingly low. Immediately after the blasting material-water-air mixture emerges from the mixing chamber into the surrounding atmosphere, the air can expand and thus radially disperse the jet.
  • the method is preferably carried out in such a way that a jet of pressurized water is injected into the mixing chamber on the side of the mixing chamber opposite the outlet nozzle in the direction of the outlet nozzle, and that a compressed air stream carrying blasting material is directed obliquely towards the front from the water jet, such that the jet center axis of the air stream and the jet center axis of the water jet run at a distance from one another.
  • a jet of pressurized water is injected into the mixing chamber on the side of the mixing chamber opposite the outlet nozzle in the direction of the outlet nozzle, and that a compressed air stream carrying blasting material is directed obliquely towards the front from the water jet, such that the jet center axis of the air stream and the jet center axis of the water jet run at a distance from one another.
  • a jet of pressurized water is injected into the mixing chamber on the side of the mixing chamber opposite the outlet nozzle in the direction of the outlet nozzle, and that a compressed air stream carrying blasting material is directed
  • the rotation can also be generated differently, for example by injecting the water tangentially into a mixing chamber.
  • the method of generating the rotation set out above is preferred. This has the essential advantage that no excessive rotation is generated, since otherwise the blasting material particles would be torn too much into the outer edge areas of the generated jet.
  • the mixing chamber narrows conically toward the outlet nozzle, the latter counteracts the fact that, in the mixing chamber near its circumference, rotating blasting material particles also point radially inwards towards the mixing chamber axis on their way to the nozzle Get motion component. In this way, the blasting material particles are distributed quite uniformly in the conically widened jet, so that the cleaning action of the jet acts on the entire cross section of the impact on the surface to be cleaned.
  • the blasting material is preferably ground glass powder, which is correspondingly sharp-edged and has a grain size between 0 and 1 mm, better between 0 and 0.5 mm. In this respect, training in accordance with claims 12 and 13 is preferred.
  • the invention also includes an apparatus for performing the method.
  • This device is characterized in claim 14.
  • the preferred embodiment is characterized in claim 15.
  • the execution of the method according to the invention is relatively simple.
  • the blasting material-air supply is switched on, and the pressure of the air supplying the blasting material is increased until the jet, which initially emerges in the form of a rod or rod, turns white and assumes the shape of a cone.
  • the jet now has the structure used according to the invention, which brings with it the above-mentioned essential advantages with regard to cleaning even sensitive surfaces.
  • the grain size of the blasting material is preferably distributed over the range from 0 to the maximum size according to a normal distribution curve.
  • a normal distribution curve For the concept of the normal distribution curve, reference is made to the book "Introduction to grain size measurement technology" by Bartel (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Göttingen, Heidelberg 1964), pp. 13 and 14.
  • the course of the normal distribution curve is advantageously one in which about half (by weight) of all grains have a size between one third and two thirds of the maximum size.
  • half of them should therefore have a grain size between 0.17 mm and 0.33 mm.
  • a mixing head 1 is shown, which is composed of a number of individual parts. These individual parts, which will be described in more detail below, are firmly connected to one another, for example screwed, soldered, welded, glued and the like.
  • the mixing head 1 consists of two main parts, namely an essentially circular cylindrical chamber sleeve 2 and a nozzle body 3 which is tightly attached to it and tapered essentially conically.
  • the chamber sleeve 2 and the nozzle body 3 are each rotationally symmetrical to a common main axis 4.
  • the chamber sleeve 2 has a first section, with a bore 5 coaxial with the main axis 4, into which a pipe socket 6 is screwed or inserted in a sealing manner.
  • This pipe socket 6 extends, starting from the end of the chamber sleeve 2, only over less than the first half of the bore 5.
  • the second part of the chamber sleeve 2 has a bore which is likewise coaxial with the main axis 4 and the interior of which forms a chamber 7.
  • the diameter of the K chamber 7 is larger than the diameter of the bore 5, from which a truncated cone-shaped transition leads into the chamber 7.
  • a nozzle piece 8 is inserted or screwed into the end of the bore 5 opening into the chamber 7 from the chamber 7.
  • This nozzle piece 8 is designed as a relatively thin-walled hollow body, with a connecting piece engaging in the bore 5, a short transition section adjoining the latter in the direction of the chamber 7, widening in the shape of a truncated cone, and a circular cylindrical jacket-shaped end piece arranged in the chamber 7, which is separated by a transverse to the main axis 4 extending wall is substantially closed.
  • This wall is penetrated by a central water inflow nozzle 9, which is formed by a substantially cylindrical bore 4 coaxial with the main axis.
  • the other end of the chamber 7 facing the nozzle body 3 has a short, conically widening transition 10.
  • the pipe socket 6 is in turn relatively thin-walled and represents the water supply.
  • the side wall of the chamber 7 is pierced approximately in its central region by the bore 12 of a blasting material feed connection 11, which is essentially cylindrical, is arranged coaxially to the bore 12 and has a common central axis 13 with it.
  • the central axis 13 has an angle at y to the main axis 4 and crosses it at a point which is at a distance from the end of the chamber 7 facing the nozzle body, which is approximately a quarter of the total length of the chamber 7.
  • the central axis 13, however, runs behind the main axis 4 and is thus offset to a certain extent in the viewing direction of FIG. 1. However, this dimension is preferably smaller than the radius of the chamber 7, at the point of intersection of the two axes 4 and 13.
  • the blasting material feed pipe 11 is offset at its end facing away from the chamber 7, so that a blasting material-air supply hose (not shown) can be clamped on the remote end.
  • the nozzle body has a first, short section with a circular cylindrical circumferential surface and then a substantially longer section with a frustoconically tapering outer surface.
  • the end of the cylindrical section is drilled out so that this section can be fastened over the facing end of the chamber 7 with the interposition of a seal 14, which can also be formed by a soldering or welding point.
  • the end of the bore of said section pointing towards the inside of the nozzle body 3 is offset so that the facing end of the chamber sleeve 2 sits flush.
  • the main part of the nozzle body 3 has an initially tapering and then widening nozzle bore 15.
  • the first section opens into the bore of the part of the nozzle body 3 which comprises the chamber sleeve 2 and has the same diameter as the diameter with which the transition 10 opens into the facing end of the chamber sleeve 2.
  • the nozzle bore 15 narrows conically, the corresponding cone having an apex angle ⁇ , up to a constriction 16, from where the nozzle bore 15 widens conically up to the free end of the nozzle body 3, with an apex angle ⁇ for the corresponding cone.
  • the chamber sleeve 2 has an overall length of 90 mm, the bore 5 being approximately 6.35 mm in diameter, the chamber 7 being 21 mm in diameter, and the mouth from the chamber sleeve 2 to the nozzle body 3 having an orifice diameter of 24 mm, the constriction has a diameter of 8 mm and the mouth of the nozzle bore 15 from the nozzle body 3 into the open has a diameter of 12 mm.
  • the thin-walled pipe socket 6 inserted into the bore 5 has a clear width of approximately 5 mm; the cylindrical section of the nozzle piece 8 has a somewhat smaller clear width.
  • a distance is formed between the mutually facing ends of the pipe socket 6 and the nozzle piece 8, which corresponds to approximately a quarter of the length of the bore 5.
  • the water inflow nozzle 9 has a diameter of approximately 0.55 mm.
  • the length of the bore 5 is approximately 26 mm, and the adjoining length of the chamber 7 together with the transition 10 is approximately 64 mm.
  • the length of the conically narrowing nozzle bore to the constriction 16 is 40 mm, the length of the expanding nozzle bore 15 is 12 mm, and the distance between the water inflow nozzle and the expanded end of the chamber 7 is approximately 60 mm.
  • the angles ⁇ and ⁇ can be calculated from the quantities given above, with ⁇ being approximately 23 ° and ⁇ approximately 10 °.
  • the central axis 13 is inclined to the main axis 4 by approximately 45 ° and passes it at a distance from the facing end of the bore 5, which is 44 mm.
  • the Strahigut supply pipe has in its section adjacent to the chamber sleeve 2 an outer diameter of 25 mm, while the stepped section has an outer diameter of 18 mm.
  • the bore 12 widens, starting from the free end of the blasting material feed connector 11, where its diameter is 10 mm, to the opening in the wall of the chamber sleeve 2, where the diameter is 15 mm. This corresponds to an angle 8 of approximately 3.5 °.
  • the mixing head 1 is connected to a pressurized water supply line 20 and an air / jet material supply line 17.
  • a schematically illustrated jet emerges from the free end of the nozzle bore 15 (FIG. 1) facing a surface 18 to be cleaned, in which water droplets and sharp-edged blasting material grains are suspended in air.
  • the emerging jet 19 has a relatively frustoconical shape and is arranged concentrically to the main axis 4.
  • the angle a between this and the generatrix of the cone formed by the beam 19 is approximately 35 °.
  • the blasting material particles in this jet 19 cover a path curve which is shown in the drawing by a winding arrow and which extends in a spiral and in the same spiral, in the course of which they strike the surface 18 to be cleaned almost tangentially, but at high speed.
  • the shape of the beam 19 results from the structure of the mixing head 1 of FIG. 1 and from compliance with certain operating parameters.
  • water is injected into the chamber 7 at high pressure through the water inflow nozzle 9, while at the same time blasting material is pressed into the chamber 7 through the bore 12 with large amounts of air. Since air and jets hit the axially moving water droplets outside their common central axis, they set them and set off in a violent, circular motion. At the same time, the large amounts of air penetrate the water mist and open it up even further.
  • the relatively narrow constriction ensures that a relatively high pressure is always maintained inside the chamber 7, which ensures the thorough mixing of the individual components.
  • the speed of the individual components When passing through the nozzle bore 15, the speed of the individual components initially increases, whose twist with respect to the main axis 4 is maintained. After emerging from the nozzle bore 15, water droplets and blasting material particles are first pressed out quickly by centrifugal force, but then also by the expansion of the enclosed air, while at the same time their speed gradually decreases in the direction of the main axis 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
EP84109681A 1984-08-14 1984-08-14 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Reinigen von Stein- und Metalloberflächen Expired EP0171448B1 (de)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84109681T ATE32317T1 (de) 1984-08-14 1984-08-14 Vorrichtung und verfahren zum reinigen von stein- und metalloberflaechen.
EP84109681A EP0171448B1 (de) 1984-08-14 1984-08-14 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Reinigen von Stein- und Metalloberflächen
DE19843469145 DE3469145D1 (en) 1984-08-14 1984-08-14 Stone and metal cleaning system
DE8519458U DE8519458U1 (de) 1984-08-14 1985-07-04 Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Stein- und Metalloberflächen
HU853100A HU194514B (en) 1984-08-14 1985-08-13 Method and apparatus for cleaning stone and metal surfaces
ES546176A ES8608984A1 (es) 1984-08-14 1985-08-14 Procedimiento y dispositivo para la limpieza de superficies de piedra y metal
US06/946,617 US4716690A (en) 1984-08-14 1986-12-29 Apparatus and method for cleaning stone and metal surfaces
US07/076,243 US5035090A (en) 1984-08-14 1987-07-21 Apparatus and method for cleaning stone and metal surfaces

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP84109681A EP0171448B1 (de) 1984-08-14 1984-08-14 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Reinigen von Stein- und Metalloberflächen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0171448A1 EP0171448A1 (de) 1986-02-19
EP0171448B1 true EP0171448B1 (de) 1988-02-03

Family

ID=8192111

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84109681A Expired EP0171448B1 (de) 1984-08-14 1984-08-14 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Reinigen von Stein- und Metalloberflächen

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US4716690A (hu)
EP (1) EP0171448B1 (hu)
AT (1) ATE32317T1 (hu)
DE (2) DE3469145D1 (hu)
ES (1) ES8608984A1 (hu)
HU (1) HU194514B (hu)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DE10322063A1 (de) * 2003-01-24 2004-08-05 Werner Valder Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Kraftfahrzeugteilen sowie Verwendung eines Hochdruckreinigungsgerätes

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KR101353674B1 (ko) * 2011-12-08 2014-01-21 주식회사 포스코 냉각 전처리를 이용한 스케일 제거 장치
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ES546176A0 (es) 1986-07-16
HUT42368A (en) 1987-07-28
DE8519458U1 (de) 1985-09-05
DE3469145D1 (en) 1988-03-10
ATE32317T1 (de) 1988-02-15
ES8608984A1 (es) 1986-07-16
US4716690A (en) 1988-01-05
HU194514B (en) 1988-02-29
EP0171448A1 (de) 1986-02-19
US5035090A (en) 1991-07-30

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