EP0164664B1 - Sinterkontaktwerkstoff für Niederspannungsschaltgeräte der Energietechnik - Google Patents
Sinterkontaktwerkstoff für Niederspannungsschaltgeräte der Energietechnik Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0164664B1 EP0164664B1 EP85106748A EP85106748A EP0164664B1 EP 0164664 B1 EP0164664 B1 EP 0164664B1 EP 85106748 A EP85106748 A EP 85106748A EP 85106748 A EP85106748 A EP 85106748A EP 0164664 B1 EP0164664 B1 EP 0164664B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cuo
- mass
- contact material
- materials
- contact
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Bi]O[Bi]=O WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium oxide Inorganic materials [Cd]=O CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010946 fine silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Cd+2] CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
- H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
- H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
- H01H1/02372—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te
- H01H1/02376—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te containing as major component SnO2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0021—Matrix based on noble metals, Cu or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
Definitions
- the invention relates to a low-voltage switchgear contact material of energy technology made of AgSn0 2 , Bi 2 0 3 and CuO.
- contact materials based on silver metal oxides have proven to be particularly advantageous.
- cadmium oxide was used as the active component, with these contact materials in particular fulfilling the desired electrical-technological properties and having proven themselves in long-term use of switching devices.
- cadmium is known to be one of the toxic heavy metals and when the contact pieces burn off, CdO is also released into the environment, efforts have been underway for some time to replace the CdO as completely as possible with other metal oxides.
- the substitute materials should have just as little arc burn-off, as well as low welding power and, in particular, low heating with continuous current flow, like the proven AgCdO contact materials.
- a contact material which is made especially of a silver alloy with 3 to 15 wt.% Tin, 0.01 to 1 wt.% Bismuth and 0.1 to 8.5 wt .-% copper is produced. If necessary, 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of one or more elements of the iron group may also be present in this material.
- the silver metal alloys are oxidized there as thin sheets at 650 ° C. for about 200 hours. Electrical contact pieces were produced from the contact materials produced in this way and tested with regard to the switching properties on the one hand and the mechanical properties on the other. The temperature behavior was not examined. If the starting alloys had the AgSnBiCu constitution, comparatively high tin contents (> 8.5%) were present.
- an electrical contact material with a metal component as the main component and the rest of a metal oxide as a secondary component is also known, in which the metal component is essentially silver with or without tin and the metal oxide component is essentially bismuth oxide and tin oxide, where the amount of bismuth in bismuth oxide is 1.5 to 6% by weight and the total amount of tin from the metal and metal oxide components is 0.1 to 6% by weight, based on the sum of the metal component and the metal content in the metal oxide component.
- the metal oxide component can contain copper or zinc oxide as an additive, in which case the metal of the additional oxide is 0.016 to 1.2% by weight, based on the sum of the metal component and the metals of the metal oxide components.
- the Sn0 2 content is usually low, in particular below 4% by weight. Only in one of the materials that can be taken from DE-A-27 54 335 (Example 18) does the Sn content be higher (4Bi-6Sn-1,2Cu-Ag), in which case the Sn0 2 volume content of the sum oxides is comparatively low .
- the object of the invention is therefore to specify specific materials of the constitution AgSn0 2 Bi 2 O 3 C U O for use in low-voltage switchgear in energy technology.
- the object is achieved with a material of the constitution AgSn0 2 Bi 2 O 3 C U O according to the invention in that the Sn0 2 mass fraction in the range from 4 to 8%, the Bi 2 0 3 mass fraction between 0.5 and 4% and the CuO mass fraction is between 0.3 and 1%, with the proviso that the contact material is a sintered material, available from an internally oxidized alloy powder (IOLP), where the volume fraction of total metal oxide is between 10 and 25% with an Sn0 2 volume fraction 70% of the total amount of oxide, and the ratio of the mass fraction in percent of Sn0 2 to CuO is between 8: 1 and 12 : 1 lies.
- IOLP internally oxidized alloy powder
- the invention was based on the knowledge that a selection from those in GB-A-20 55 398 on the one hand and DE-A-27 54 335 on the other hand has surprisingly favorable temperature properties with regard to the concentration information provided there if the above parameters are met. It is particularly important that the material is produced by powder metallurgy using internally oxidized alloy powder.
- An alloy of AgSnBiCu of the specified composition is melted at 1353 K from 93.60% fine silver grains, 5.20% tin grains, 0.6% metallic bismuth as fragments and 0.6% copper in rod form.
- an alloy powder of the same composition is obtained.
- the powder fraction is sieved to ⁇ 200 ⁇ m. This proportion is internally oxidized in an oxygen-containing atmosphere between 723 K and 872 K, after which a composite powder of AgSn0 2 Bi 2 O 3 Cu0 of the composition in mass proportions of 92.10% Ag, 6.50% Sn0 2 , 0.66% Bi 2 0 3 and 0.74% CuO is obtained.
- Such a composite powder is quantitatively completely internally oxidized and is referred to as IOLP.
- the composite powder is used to produce contact pieces by pressing in a die with 600 MPa.
- the contact pieces are sintered at 1173 K for one hour in air.
- the contact pieces are compacted by hot pressing at 923 K at 900 MPa. Further compression and solidification is achieved by a second sintering at 1173 K for one hour in air and a subsequent cold compression at 800 MPa.
- Metallographic micrographs show that the structure of the contact material thus produced is fine and uniform with an average oxide particle size of 1.5 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 In a further exemplary embodiment, method steps as in Example 1 were selected; However, starting materials of the following composition in mass fractions were assumed: 93.96% fine silver grains, 4.00% tin grains, 1.64% metallic bismuth and 0.40% copper, from which an alloy is melted. Corresponding alloy powder is produced from this in the manner described above.
- an IOLP of AgSn0 2 Bi 2 O 3 Cu0 of the composition in mass fractions of 92.70% Ag, 5.01% Sn0 2 , 1.80% Bi 2 0 3 and 0.49% CuO is obtained.
- This IOLP is the starting material for the material and the contact pieces to be made from it.
- the structure of this material essentially corresponds to the material according to Example 1, except for a larger grain size.
- the welding force of the contact materials produced according to the invention was determined in a test switch.
- the measured values obtained essentially correspond to those of the AgCd012Bi 2 0 3 1.0 contact material produced from internally oxidized alloy powder.
- service life and heating tests were carried out in motor contactors.
- the key parameters are the AC4 service life switching numbers of the contact pieces and the overtemperature of the current paths. Compared to AgCd012Bi 2 0 3 1.0 materials, the lifespan switching numbers are about a factor of 1.8 higher, with the excess temperatures only showing up to 10 * C higher values.
- test data of the new materials are shown in the table in comparison to the known material.
- the tin content is reduced to a suitable range, and thus at least, based on the predetermined volume fraction of the sum metal oxides the relative Bi 2 0 3 proportion increases, which leads to unexpectedly good results.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT85106748T ATE84905T1 (de) | 1984-06-12 | 1985-05-31 | Sinterkontaktwerkstoff fuer niederspannungsschaltgeraete der energietechnik. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19843421759 DE3421759A1 (de) | 1984-06-12 | 1984-06-12 | Sinterkontaktwerkstoff fuer niederspannungsschaltgeraete der energietechnik |
| DE3421759 | 1984-06-12 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0164664A2 EP0164664A2 (de) | 1985-12-18 |
| EP0164664A3 EP0164664A3 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
| EP0164664B1 true EP0164664B1 (de) | 1993-01-20 |
Family
ID=6238160
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP85106748A Expired - Lifetime EP0164664B1 (de) | 1984-06-12 | 1985-05-31 | Sinterkontaktwerkstoff für Niederspannungsschaltgeräte der Energietechnik |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0164664B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPH0768593B2 (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE84905T1 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR8502760A (ja) |
| DE (2) | DE3421759A1 (ja) |
| ZA (1) | ZA854389B (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE58909295D1 (de) * | 1988-11-17 | 1995-07-20 | Siemens Ag | Niederspannungsschaltgeräte-Sinterkontaktwerkstoff der Energietechnik, insbesondere für Motorschütze. |
| EP0369283B1 (de) * | 1988-11-17 | 1994-09-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Sinterkontaktwerkstoff für Niederspannungsschaltgeräte der Energietechnik, insbesondere für Motorschütze |
| DE4201940A1 (de) * | 1992-01-24 | 1993-07-29 | Siemens Ag | Sinterverbundwerkstoff fuer elektrische kontakte in schaltgeraeten der energietechnik |
| DE4331913A1 (de) * | 1993-09-20 | 1995-03-23 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum Verbinden von einer Kontaktauflage aus Silber-Metalloxid-Werkstoff mit einem metallischen Kontaktträger |
| CN117102479B (zh) * | 2023-10-18 | 2024-01-02 | 佛山通宝精密合金股份有限公司 | 一种改性银氧化锡的制备工艺及其制得的改性银氧化锡 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4141727A (en) * | 1976-12-03 | 1979-02-27 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Electrical contact material and method of making the same |
| JPS6018735B2 (ja) * | 1977-12-15 | 1985-05-11 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 電気接点材料 |
| JPS6013051B2 (ja) * | 1978-08-11 | 1985-04-04 | 中外電気工業株式会社 | 銀↓−錫↓−ビスマス系合金を内部酸化した電気接点材料の改良 |
| GB2055398B (en) * | 1979-08-01 | 1983-06-02 | Chugai Electric Ind Co Ltd | Electrical contact materials of internally oxidized ag-sn-bi alloy |
| JPS6027746B2 (ja) * | 1979-09-19 | 1985-07-01 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 電気接点材料 |
| JPS57134532A (en) * | 1981-02-12 | 1982-08-19 | Chugai Electric Ind Co Ltd | Electrical contact material of silver-tin-bismuth alloy |
| JPS57181339A (en) * | 1981-05-02 | 1982-11-08 | Chugai Electric Ind Co Ltd | Electrical contact material of selectively and internally oxidized silver-tin alloy containing bismuth |
-
1984
- 1984-06-12 DE DE19843421759 patent/DE3421759A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1985
- 1985-05-31 EP EP85106748A patent/EP0164664B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-05-31 AT AT85106748T patent/ATE84905T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-05-31 DE DE8585106748T patent/DE3587004D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-06-11 JP JP60127036A patent/JPH0768593B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-06-11 BR BR8502760A patent/BR8502760A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-06-11 ZA ZA854389A patent/ZA854389B/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3587004D1 (de) | 1993-03-04 |
| ATE84905T1 (de) | 1993-02-15 |
| BR8502760A (pt) | 1986-02-18 |
| DE3421759A1 (de) | 1985-12-12 |
| ZA854389B (en) | 1986-02-26 |
| JPH0768593B2 (ja) | 1995-07-26 |
| JPS619541A (ja) | 1986-01-17 |
| EP0164664A2 (de) | 1985-12-18 |
| EP0164664A3 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
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