EP0160791A1 - Commutateur à bouton-poussoir - Google Patents

Commutateur à bouton-poussoir Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0160791A1
EP0160791A1 EP85101787A EP85101787A EP0160791A1 EP 0160791 A1 EP0160791 A1 EP 0160791A1 EP 85101787 A EP85101787 A EP 85101787A EP 85101787 A EP85101787 A EP 85101787A EP 0160791 A1 EP0160791 A1 EP 0160791A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
push button
button switch
switch according
switching
switching plunger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85101787A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0160791B1 (fr
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Bauer
Edgar Maisch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Preh GmbH
Original Assignee
Preh GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Preh GmbH filed Critical Preh GmbH
Publication of EP0160791A1 publication Critical patent/EP0160791A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0160791B1 publication Critical patent/EP0160791B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/50—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a single operating member
    • H01H13/56—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a single operating member the contact returning to its original state upon the next application of operating force
    • H01H13/60—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a single operating member the contact returning to its original state upon the next application of operating force with contact-driving member moved alternately in opposite directions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/16—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a push button switch according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • switches are used to connect or disconnect electrical lines several times. Regardless of which design or actuation principle they work in, they thus offer the operator of a device the opportunity to influence how it works. Switches are thus the interface between man and machine and they cannot be replaced by anything, even though they are also subject to technological change and have reached a very high technical level. Switches of various designs are one of the few electromechanical components in electronics that often have design requirements in addition to the switching function. Because they are arranged on the front panel of a device, they play a decisive role in determining its appearance. It is therefore not surprising that an almost unmanageable range of rotary, rocker, toggle, slide, pushbutton and push-button switches are available in all conceivable designs, colors and sizes. The switch described below belongs to the group of push button switches.
  • a push button switch which consists of a pot-shaped housing, against which a push button is relatively displaceable.
  • On the inside of the push button there is a web projecting into the inside of the switch, around which a switching plunger is pivotally and displaceably mounted.
  • the switching plunger consists of a disc and a wedge-shaped shoulder.
  • a switching rocker is pivotably mounted below the switching plunger with the help of bearing journals mounted in end shields.
  • This switch rocker has a T-like shape with a crossbar and a vertically downward-facing guide shoulder.
  • the crossbar is on the The top is gable-shaped to accommodate the wedge-shaped extension of the switching plunger.
  • the angle of inclination of the two gable halves corresponds to half the swivel angle of the switch rocker. In each of the two switch positions, one half of the gable is in a horizontal position.
  • Two return springs are responsible for pivoting the switching plunger, which are clamped between the switching plunger and the rocker switch on different sides of the attachment.
  • In the guide approach of the switch rocker there is a blind hole that receives a compression spring that is supported on the one hand on the bottom of the blind hole and on the other hand on a contact roller.
  • the bottom of the housing has two identical cam surfaces in roof-like shape, on which the contact roller can slide.
  • a push button can be moved relative to a rectangular housing.
  • An inward, wedge-shaped extension is formed on the top of the push button.
  • the tip of this approach serves as a tilt bearing for a shift plunger. This consists of a disc and a plunger pointing downwards. The plunger interacts with a wedge-shaped tip of a rocker switch.
  • the rocker switch has a bearing journal on each side, which can rotate in a hole in the housing.
  • the wedge-shaped tip is part of a control curve of the switch rocker.
  • the control curve consists of a central vertex, two flanks descending from this vertex and two surfaces rising from the end of the flanks.
  • the apex is at a certain distance from the bearing journal of the switching rocker, so that in the two switching positions it lies to the side of a plane defined by the bearing axis and the direction of sliding. This ensures that the plunger always hits one of the flanks.
  • a return spring is clamped between the switching plunger and the rocker switch. Due to the inclined position of the switch rocker, the preload on two opposite sides is different.
  • a spring-loaded switching pin is attached to the switching rocker, which presses on a contact rocker which is mounted such that it can be tilted about a fixed contact.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop a push-button switch of the type mentioned at the outset so that it has a simple mechanical switch position indicator and that, despite the compact design, it is constructed from as few individual parts as possible and can therefore be mass-produced at low cost, the contact force being immediate bar before switching should be maintained or even increased so that there is a long electrical life.
  • the push button switch shown in the figures has a two-part, rectangular housing 1 made of plastic.
  • a center contact piece 6 is injected in the middle on the housing base and on the side of the housing walls a fixed contact 7 made of an electrically conductive material.
  • the associated terminal lugs 39 protrude from the bottom of the housing base.
  • the switch is therefore suitable for installation in a printed circuit.
  • the end Metal-made center contact piece 6 has a V-shaped cutting edge bearing 32, which continues in a likewise V-shaped recess 40 in the housing base base in such a way that the recess widens like a funnel towards the interior of the housing.
  • lateral, protruding guide strips 35 are integrally formed on the housing base 3, specifically on the four housing base edges.
  • a plurality of protruding locking lugs 36 are provided on the outside of the housing base 3. These locking lugs 36 cooperate with elongated holes 37, which are located in a push button 2.
  • This rectangular push button is also made of plastic and is relatively displaceable relative to the housing base 3.
  • the elongated holes 37 are recessed in two resilient side walls 41 of the push button 2.
  • the push button 2 is simply pushed over the housing base 3 until the latches 36 snap into the elongated holes 37.
  • the side walls 41 lie here between the guide strips 35. This snap connection holds the push button on the housing base.
  • the two resilient side walls 41 are formed on two opposite sides of the pot-shaped push button 2.
  • the push button itself consists of an opaque plastic.
  • a narrow window 38 through which the switch position can be visibly displayed. This is important because the push button returns to its original home position after each actuation.
  • a web 18 is formed on the inside of the push button in the sliding direction.
  • the end of the web 18 lies both in the rest position and when the push button is depressed in a V-shaped pocket 17 of a switching plunger 4.
  • the switching plunger 4 made of plastic itself consists of a U-shaped bracket seen from the broad side with an on Base part 11 integrally formed head part 12 and two laterally formed legs 13. Both legs 13 are of equal length and they run into a tapered tip 16 at the free end. Viewed from the narrow side, the head part 12 widens in a mushroom shape with a segment-shaped curved surface 14. On this curved surface there is a label or identification from which the switch position emerges. This label or label is, due to the inclined position of the switching plunger in the rest position, visible in the window 38 of the push button. Two marginal edges 15 of the arch surface 14 are rounded and reinforced.
  • a holding pin 19 is formed on which one end of a return spring 10 is supported in the form of a helical spring.
  • lugs 20 are formed on both sides, which cooperate with protruding elevations 28 of a rocker switch 8.
  • the restoring spring 10 is arranged between the switching plunger 4 and the rocker switch 8, which is partially guided in a blind hole 26 of the rocker switch 8 and is supported on the bottom of this blind hole.
  • This return spring is designed so that it seeks to push the switching plunger and rocker switch away from each other.
  • the switching rocker 8 molded from plastic is designed in the manner of a two-armed lever with a short and a long arm.
  • the short arm here consists of two resilient side walls 21, which are integrally formed laterally at a distance. This forms a chamber 22 which is open on three sides and receives the base part 11 of the switching plunger 4.
  • the return spring 10 is arranged between the two side walls 21.
  • the side walls 21 carry inwardly directed elevations 28 which interact with the lugs 20 of the switching plunger.
  • the side walls On the outside, the side walls each have a spherical elevation 27 about which the rocker switch can be pivoted in a small angular range.
  • the long arm 23 of the rocker switch tapers slightly in cross section towards its end, since the rocker switch should be pivotable. If it had the same cross-section over the entire length, the long arm 23 would abut the wall of the housing base and a pivoting would thus be prevented.
  • the long arm 23 has on the two outer sides a V-shaped cutting edge bearing 24, the boundary of which is two wedge-shaped Contact surfaces 9 is formed. These contact surfaces together with the cutting edge bearing are laterally raised compared to the long arm 23. As will be explained later, these contact surfaces 9 interact with the tips 16 of the switching plunger.
  • a recess 25 is provided in the long arm between the two cutting edge bearings 24.
  • the electrical connection between the fixed contacts 7 and the center contact piece 6 produces an E-shaped contact bridge 5 made of metal. Details of this contact system are shown in Figure 3.
  • the contact bridge 5 has two outer snap tongues 29 and a contact tongue 30 which is longer than the snap tongues and arranged between the snap tongues and which has a tubular contact element 42 at the front end.
  • the snap and contact tongue are connected by a connecting web 31.
  • the contact bridge 5 lies with the edge of the connecting web 31 in the cutting edge bearing 32 of the center contact piece 6.
  • the edge at the free end of the snap tongue 29 lies in the cutting edge bearing 24 of the contact rocker 8.
  • the contact bridge 5 is thus clamped between these two cutting edge bearings and in an inclined position, which is caused by the fact that the preloaded return spring in the installed state tries to push the rocker and switching plunger apart, the switching plunger being pressed against the inner wall of the push button.
  • the contact tongue 30 with its contact element 42 also projects into the recess 25 of the rocker switch 8.
  • the housing base 3 has a plurality of integrally formed sliding ribs 33 on the inside, on two opposite sides. These sliding ribs extend almost to the bottom of the housing base. On the mouth side, the sliding ribs 33 are provided with run-on bevels 34 which taper towards the free end. In the exemplary embodiment shown in the figures, as shown in FIG. 1, three sliding ribs are provided on each side.
  • the tip 16 of the switching plunger 4 reaches either the right or the left contact surface 9 as the movement progresses. It is then no longer possible to jump from one side to the other without snapping the contact bridge. Finally, the edge 15 of the switching plunger abuts the bevel 34 and while the push button is pressed further, the marginal edge runs along the bevel and forcibly pivots the switching plunger toward the center. The tip 16 presses the rocker switch 8 abruptly over the contact surfaces 9 to the other side. The sliding along the edge 15 on the run-up slopes 34 and then the sliding ribs 33 represents a first positive guide for the switching plunger.
  • the push button When the push button is released, it returns from the switch position to the initial rest position due to the return spring.
  • the lugs 20 of the switching plunger abut the elevations 28 of the rocker switch and there is a forced rotation of the switching plunger, so that the tip 16 comes to rest on the other contact surface 9 when the push button is depressed again.
  • the forced rotation of the shift plunger thus represents a second forced guidance for the shift plunger.
  • the inclined position of the switching plunger which is provided in the rest position of the push button, enables an extremely simple switching position display.
  • the push button consists of an opaque plastic, a window 38 being left free in the push button on the front side.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show further exemplary embodiments for a switch position indicator.
  • the Push button 43 made of a transparent plastic.
  • a cover 44 made of an opaque material is embedded in a recess, which has an opening 47 through which the inscription or marking of the arch surface 14 is visible.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that the housing is sealed.
  • the push button 45 of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6 also consists of a transparent plastic.
  • a cap 46 is also pushed over the actual push button 45 and has a recess 48 on the front.
  • the inscription or marking of the arch surface 14 is visible through this recess.
  • the housing of the switch of this exemplary embodiment is thus tight and protected against dust and foreign parts.

Landscapes

  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
EP85101787A 1984-03-31 1985-02-19 Commutateur à bouton-poussoir Expired EP0160791B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3412027A DE3412027A1 (de) 1984-03-31 1984-03-31 Druckknopfschalter
DE3412027 1984-03-31

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0160791A1 true EP0160791A1 (fr) 1985-11-13
EP0160791B1 EP0160791B1 (fr) 1988-02-10

Family

ID=6232209

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85101787A Expired EP0160791B1 (fr) 1984-03-31 1985-02-19 Commutateur à bouton-poussoir

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4757164A (fr)
EP (1) EP0160791B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS60241615A (fr)
DE (1) DE3412027A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0307364A2 (fr) * 1987-09-09 1989-03-15 Cesare Gallone Interrupteur actionné mécaniquement
FR2775828A1 (fr) * 1998-03-05 1999-09-10 Berker Geb Dispositif pour commutateur electrique a bouton-poussoir eclaire
WO2011032775A1 (fr) * 2009-09-16 2011-03-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Actionneur

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3724736C2 (de) * 1987-07-25 1998-02-19 Teves Gmbh Alfred Elektrischer Schalter, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge
US5894551A (en) * 1996-06-14 1999-04-13 Huggins; Frank Single computer system having multiple security levels
US7105763B2 (en) * 2003-10-14 2006-09-12 Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. Switch assembly
CN106098423B (zh) * 2016-08-05 2018-01-02 新乡市光明电器有限公司 大电流紧急断电开关
CN206421980U (zh) * 2016-12-30 2017-08-18 施耐德电气（澳大利亚）有限公司 用于按钮开关的传动装置、按钮开关和插座
CN206584853U (zh) * 2016-12-30 2017-10-24 施耐德电气（澳大利亚）有限公司 用于按钮开关的传动装置、按钮开关和插座
EP3726551B1 (fr) * 2019-04-15 2024-07-17 Honeywell International Inc. Ensemble interrupteur mural plat
CN109979776B (zh) * 2019-04-23 2024-05-17 宁波福尔达智能科技股份有限公司 一种车用双向翘板按键开关

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB995378A (en) * 1962-02-28 1965-06-16 Mb Metals Ltd Improvements in or relating to electric switches
DE1765776A1 (de) * 1968-03-21 1971-08-26 Molex Inc Schalteranordnung
US4300026A (en) * 1977-12-16 1981-11-10 Nartron Corporation Electrical switch
DE3046831A1 (de) * 1980-12-12 1982-07-08 SWF-Spezialfabrik für Autozubehör Gustav Rau GmbH, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen Elektrischer schalter, insbesondere druckknopfschalter
DE3151501A1 (de) * 1981-12-24 1983-07-07 SWF-Spezialfabrik für Autozubehör Gustav Rau GmbH, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen Elektrischer druckknopfschalter, insbesondere fuer kraftfahrzeuge

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2044065A (en) * 1934-02-08 1936-06-16 Harry A Douglas Electric switch construction
US2295484A (en) * 1941-06-30 1942-09-08 Cutler Hammer Inc Push-push operating mechanism for electric switches
GB651127A (en) * 1948-12-16 1951-03-14 Hoover Ltd Improvements relating to electric snap action switches
US2576771A (en) * 1949-03-01 1951-11-27 Arrow Hart & Hegeman Electric Operating mechanism for electric switches
US2668204A (en) * 1951-02-23 1954-02-02 Cornell Dubilier Electric Switch
US3394403A (en) * 1965-09-22 1968-07-23 Maxson Electronics Corp Lighted pushbutton assembly
US3789173A (en) * 1972-12-07 1974-01-29 Illinois Tool Works Alternate action switch convertible to momentary by putting latch on different pivot
DE2416969C2 (de) * 1974-04-08 1982-10-28 Kautt & Bux Kg, 7000 Stuttgart Druckknopfschalter
US4204102A (en) * 1977-12-16 1980-05-20 Nartron Corporation Electrical switch
US4287401A (en) * 1979-11-16 1981-09-01 Western Electric Company, Inc. Mode-indicating mechanisms for push-button operated devices
CH647093A5 (en) * 1979-12-27 1984-12-28 Feller Ag Electrical push-button switch
US4354076A (en) * 1980-09-08 1982-10-12 Switchcraft, Inc. Switch position indicator

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB995378A (en) * 1962-02-28 1965-06-16 Mb Metals Ltd Improvements in or relating to electric switches
DE1765776A1 (de) * 1968-03-21 1971-08-26 Molex Inc Schalteranordnung
US4300026A (en) * 1977-12-16 1981-11-10 Nartron Corporation Electrical switch
DE3046831A1 (de) * 1980-12-12 1982-07-08 SWF-Spezialfabrik für Autozubehör Gustav Rau GmbH, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen Elektrischer schalter, insbesondere druckknopfschalter
DE3151501A1 (de) * 1981-12-24 1983-07-07 SWF-Spezialfabrik für Autozubehör Gustav Rau GmbH, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen Elektrischer druckknopfschalter, insbesondere fuer kraftfahrzeuge

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0307364A2 (fr) * 1987-09-09 1989-03-15 Cesare Gallone Interrupteur actionné mécaniquement
EP0307364A3 (en) * 1987-09-09 1990-09-05 Cesare Gallone Mechanically operated switch
FR2775828A1 (fr) * 1998-03-05 1999-09-10 Berker Geb Dispositif pour commutateur electrique a bouton-poussoir eclaire
NL1011361C2 (nl) * 1998-03-05 2000-06-27 Berker Geb Druktoetsschakelaar die electrisch verlicht kan worden.
BE1012503A3 (fr) * 1998-03-05 2000-11-07 Berker Geb Dispositif pour un commutateur a bouton-poussoir, qui peut etre eclaire electriquement.
ES2159228A1 (es) * 1998-03-05 2001-09-16 Berker Geb Conmutador pulsador iluminable electricamente.
WO2011032775A1 (fr) * 2009-09-16 2011-03-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Actionneur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3412027A1 (de) 1985-10-10
DE3412027C2 (fr) 1988-07-14
US4757164A (en) 1988-07-12
EP0160791B1 (fr) 1988-02-10
JPS60241615A (ja) 1985-11-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE1213194B (de) Verriegelungsvorrichtung fuer einen Schieber
EP0160791B1 (fr) Commutateur à bouton-poussoir
DE2433156C3 (de) Tastschalter
DE3835073C2 (de) Elektrischer Schalter für eine Kraftfahrzeug-Fensterhebevorrichtung
EP0301413B1 (fr) Interrupteur électrique notamment pour véhicules automobiles
DE3043133C2 (fr)
DE4439008C2 (de) Elektrischer Tastschalter
DE3111407C2 (fr)
DE3126816C2 (fr)
DE3107440A1 (de) Elektrischer schalter, insbesondere zur anordnung im schalthebelende eines lenkstockschalters
DE3940285C2 (fr)
DE4040245C2 (de) Kontaktanordnung für elektrische Schalter, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge
DE3629290C2 (fr)
EP0557611B1 (fr) Dispositif d'indexation pour éléments de commutation électromécaniques, en particulier pour commutateurs électriques
DE3402082A1 (de) Elektrischer schnappschalter
DE2951582A1 (de) Elektrischer schalter
EP0593077B1 (fr) Interrupteur d'appareil
DE4026292A1 (de) Elektrischer druckknopf- bzw. -tastenschalter, insbesondere fuer kfz
DE7903379U1 (de) Drucktastenschalter
DE2546328C2 (de) Elektrischer, bistabiler Schalter für Temperatur- oder Druckbegrenzer
DE2848093A1 (de) Elektrischer schalter
DE3005457A1 (de) Schalterbetaetigungsorgan mit mechanischer anzeigevorrichtung fuer den schaltzustand eines schalters
DE4013920C2 (de) Elektrischer Druckschalter, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge
DE2820594C2 (de) Elektrischer Schnappschalter
DE4239965C2 (de) Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19851213

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19870406

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: DR. ING. A. RACHELI & C.

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE FR GB IT NL SE

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19910125

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19910208

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19910215

Year of fee payment: 7

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19910215

Year of fee payment: 7

ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19910228

Year of fee payment: 7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19920219

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19920220

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19920228

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: PREH ELEKTROFEINMECHANISCHE WERKE JAKOB PREH NACH

Effective date: 19920228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19920901

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19921030

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 85101787.1

Effective date: 19920904