EP0156378A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour la cémentation au gaz d'acier - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la cémentation au gaz d'acier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0156378A2
EP0156378A2 EP85103680A EP85103680A EP0156378A2 EP 0156378 A2 EP0156378 A2 EP 0156378A2 EP 85103680 A EP85103680 A EP 85103680A EP 85103680 A EP85103680 A EP 85103680A EP 0156378 A2 EP0156378 A2 EP 0156378A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbon
gas
content
amount
carburizing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85103680A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0156378B1 (fr
EP0156378A3 (en
Inventor
Joachim Dr.-Ing. Wünning
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WUENNING, JOACHIM, DR.-ING.
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Individual
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Priority to AT85103680T priority Critical patent/ATE45190T1/de
Publication of EP0156378A2 publication Critical patent/EP0156378A2/fr
Publication of EP0156378A3 publication Critical patent/EP0156378A3/de
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Publication of EP0156378B1 publication Critical patent/EP0156378B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for gas carburizing steel, in which the steel part or the like in a carbon-enriched gas atmosphere of a furnace. is exposed to a diffusion process for forming an edge region with an increased carbon content which is determined depending on the edge distance and in which the measured variables including the temperature which are important for the diffusion process are determined at certain time intervals and used as control variables for influencing the diffusion process.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of designing a method of the type mentioned at the outset such that atmospheres supersaturated with hydrocarbons can also be used for carburizing processes in such a way that clear control and determination of the carbon profile at the edge of the workpieces is possible.
  • the C current cannot only be measured directly via a sensor. It can also be determined indirectly via the difference between the measured, introduced into the furnace and the amount of carbon discharged therefrom or not used. It is expedient if the amount of carbon supplied is determined from the amount of gas supplied in a certain time and its carbon content, the amount of carbon removed from the amount of flare gas removed in the same time and its carbon content and the unused amount of carbon from the soot content remaining in the furnace. It has proven to be sufficient in practice if the amount of carbon removed and the amount of carbon not left in the furnace in the form of soot are combined to form an oven-specific utilization factor and if the C flow is then determined from the amount of carbon supplied, the workpiece surface and the utilization factor becomes.
  • a device which, in a known manner, comprises a carburizing furnace with at least one heatable chamber, with sensors for detecting the chamber temperature, with a carburizing agent feed line in which a controllable control valve is arranged and with a provided in the chamber reaching sensor having at least one electrical measuring resistor exposed to the furnace atmosphere, as described for example in the journal Stahl and Eisen 80 (1960, number 26, pages 1952 to 1954).
  • the measuring resistor acts as a C-current sensor and is arranged in a sensor chamber which is connected to a supply line for a decarburization gas, and that in this supply line a shut-off valve which can be controlled as a function of the determined values is arranged.
  • this decarburization gas can at the same time be the reference gas which is provided for the compensation comparison resistor.
  • the supply line containing the shut-off valve can branch off in a simple manner from the connecting line to the comparison resistor.
  • This shut-off valve contains its control pulses for opening and closing in a simple manner step by step from the computing unit, which thus tracks the carbon content of the measuring resistor to the carbon content at the edge of the workpiece to be carburized.
  • the time course of the C content of the sensor therefore corresponds to the carburizing process at the edge of the workpiece.
  • the carbon content of the sensor can be tracked in the opposite way, even as the carbon content in the atmosphere decreases, analogously to the type just described.
  • the decarburization phases are then replaced by carburization phases.
  • a likewise known device with a carburizing furnace with at least one heated chamber, with coolers for detecting the chamber temperature, with a carbonant supply line in which a controllable control valve is arranged and provided with a discharge line leading out of the chamber with a torch.
  • the controllable control valve in the carburizing agent supply line is followed by a measuring element which detects the flow rate and a measuring device which detects the outflowing C quantity is also provided in the discharge line.
  • This configuration makes it possible, particularly when certain furnace-specific variables are combined to form a utilization factor, to have the values recorded by the measuring element and the measuring device and the values of the temperature measurement evaluated by the computing unit, which also include values relating to the surface and the initial C content of the workpiece as well as data of the target values to be achieved and the utilization factor are entered.
  • a carburizing furnace 1 is provided with a circulating device formed by a blower 1 a, in which a workpiece batch 2 for carburizing with the surface A is inserted.
  • a temperature sensor 6, the measured values of which are fed to a computing unit 7, is also introduced into the furnace 1.
  • a controllable control valve 4 is inserted into the carbonant feed line 3 and can be actuated via an actuator 5, which receives its control impulses from the computer 7.
  • a C-current sensor 8 Also introduced into the furnace 1 is a C-current sensor 8, the sensor head 8a of which is connected to the computer 7, so that the values determined by the C-current sensor 8 can be evaluated by the computer 7.
  • this sensor head 8 is also connected to a supply line 9 for a decarburization gas which is supplied in the direction of arrow 9a.
  • a shut-off valve 10 is inserted, which can be opened or closed via an actuator 11 controlled by the computer 7.
  • the desired target values Z and the value for the initial C content CK of the workpiece batch 2 are entered into the computer 7.
  • the computer 7 is connected to a recorder 12 for the carbon profile C-X, which records the carbon profile in the workpiece as a function of the edge distance. This course is determined by the computer 7 in a known manner.
  • the C-current sensor 8 consists of a tube divided into two chambers 8b and 8c by the wall 13, which continue into the sensor head 8a.
  • the chamber 8b contains a measuring resistor 14, through which an electric current flows in a manner not shown in detail and which is connected via the connecting line 14a to an evaluation circuit arranged in the computer 7.
  • the chamber 8b is also connected to the supply line 9 for the decarburizing agent, in which the shut-off valve 10 is arranged.
  • the chamber 8a of the C-flow sensor 8 is connected via a connecting line 16 to the supply line 9 for the decarburizing agent, so that the chamber 8a is constantly supplied with a certain amount of the decarburizing agent which is also used as reference gas in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the batch 2 of steel workpieces with an initial C content of 0.20% C and a total surface area A of 10 m 2 is carburized at 930 ° C.
  • the target variables Z at the end of the process are as follows:
  • the Rand-C content should not exceed 1.00% C during carburization in order to avoid carbide formation.
  • the temperature of Charge 2 should be reduced to the hardening temperature of 860 ° C.
  • furnace 1 is flushed with nitrogen.
  • the atmosphere in the furnace 1 is monitored by the C-current sensor 8 with the measuring resistor 14, which can consist, for example, of an iron wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm, the carbon content of which changes by 0.26% C / h when the C flow is 1 g / m2h , which results from the surface / volume ratio ratio of the sensor 8 results.
  • the measuring resistor 14 can consist, for example, of an iron wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm, the carbon content of which changes by 0.26% C / h when the C flow is 1 g / m2h , which results from the surface / volume ratio ratio of the sensor 8 results.
  • the carbon content C of the sensor is tracked by the decarburization cycles controlled by the computer 7 to the edge C content of the workpiece batch 2.
  • the C content of the sensor is continuously drawn out. This sawtooth-like line is designated 18.
  • the respective decarburization phases 19 are controlled by the computer 7.
  • the shut-off valve 10 - controlled by the computer - is opened and decarburizing agent flows briefly through the chamber 8b.
  • the mean value of the course of the C content on the sensor thus corresponds to the dashed line 20, which represents the course of the marginal C content on the workpiece 2, which is determined by the computer.
  • time t E for the decarburization phases is only very short. However, it is sufficient to track the mean value of the C content of the sensor 8 to the edge C content 20.
  • the proportional C current is determined from the value dC.
  • the carbonization gas supply in the direction of arrow 3a is interrupted, s: 1 soon the sum of the carbon supplied corresponds to the predetermined count 35 g / m 2 . In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4, this is achieved after four hours.
  • the mixture is then diffused with the addition of nitrogen until the computer 7 displays the predetermined marginal C content, which after about five hours and 20 minutes according to FIG. 4 is 0.8%, as desired. (see Fig. 4 section III).
  • the temperature is reduced to the hardening temperature, as can be seen from the diagram above with the temperature profile.
  • the batch report output by the computer 7 shows the carburizing process regulated by the C flow.
  • 5 shows the final carbon curve at the end of the process, which corresponds to the predetermined target values. 5 on the The abscissa of the edge distance in the workpiece is plotted. On the ordinate the C content.
  • the marginal carbon content CR is 0.180% C. With a carburizing depth of 1mm, the C content is 0.35% C.
  • FIG. 6 Another possibility of controlling the carburizing process using the C flow is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the same reference numbers are used for the same parts.
  • 1, the controllable control valve 4 in the carburizing agent supply line 3 is followed by a measuring element 21 which flows through.
  • a measuring device 22 which detects the outflowing C quantity is also arranged in the exhaust line 1b.
  • the amount of carbon supplied is determined from the amount of coal gas supplied in a certain time and its carbon content, which is known, the amount of carbon removed from the amount of flare gas discharged through line 1b in the same time and its likewise determinable carbon content, and from the amount of carbon not consumed , which consists of the soot remaining in the furnace.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
EP85103680A 1984-03-29 1985-03-27 Procédé et dispositif pour la cémentation au gaz d'acier Expired EP0156378B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85103680T ATE45190T1 (de) 1984-03-29 1985-03-27 Verfahren und einrichtung zur gasaufkohlung von stahl.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3411605 1984-03-29
DE3411605A DE3411605C2 (de) 1984-03-29 1984-03-29 Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Gasaufkohlung von Stahl

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0156378A2 true EP0156378A2 (fr) 1985-10-02
EP0156378A3 EP0156378A3 (en) 1986-03-26
EP0156378B1 EP0156378B1 (fr) 1989-08-02

Family

ID=6231980

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85103680A Expired EP0156378B1 (fr) 1984-03-29 1985-03-27 Procédé et dispositif pour la cémentation au gaz d'acier

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4591132A (fr)
EP (1) EP0156378B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS60228665A (fr)
AT (1) ATE45190T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3411605C2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0288680A2 (fr) * 1987-04-29 1988-11-02 Ipsen Industries International Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung Procédé de cémentation gazeuse de l'acier
EP0383103A1 (fr) * 1989-02-17 1990-08-22 Vereinigte Schmiedewerke Gmbh Procédé pour la fabrication d'un matériau composite métallique tenace à résistance élevée

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2535820B2 (ja) * 1986-02-15 1996-09-18 大同特殊鋼株式会社 金属材料の浸炭処理方法
DE3826351A1 (de) * 1988-08-03 1990-02-08 Degussa Verfahren zur bestimmung des kohlungspotentials in gaskohlungsoefen und vorrichtung dazu
DE69006542T2 (de) * 1989-06-01 1994-08-04 Pierre Beuret Verfahren zum Kontrollieren einer thermischen Behandlung mit C-Diffusion.
US5324415A (en) * 1989-06-09 1994-06-28 Blumenthal Robert N Apparatus and systems for analyzing a sample of treatment atmosphere having a carbon potential
US4966348A (en) * 1989-06-30 1990-10-30 Lindberg Corp. Method and apparatus for monitoring atmosphere in furnaces
US5139584A (en) * 1989-07-13 1992-08-18 Solo Fours Industriels Sa Carburization process
JP3531736B2 (ja) * 2001-01-19 2004-05-31 オリエンタルエンヂニアリング株式会社 浸炭方法及び浸炭装置
JP5428032B2 (ja) * 2001-06-05 2014-02-26 Ｄｏｗａサーモテック株式会社 浸炭処理方法
JP5428031B2 (ja) * 2001-06-05 2014-02-26 Ｄｏｗａサーモテック株式会社 浸炭処理方法及びその装置
DE10152204B4 (de) * 2001-10-23 2004-01-22 Schwäbische Härtetechnik Ulm GmbH Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Messen und/oder Regeln der Aufkohlungsatmophäre in einer Vakuumaufkohlungsanlage
DE10235131A1 (de) * 2002-08-01 2004-02-19 Ipsen International Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schwärzen von Bauteilen
US20080149227A1 (en) * 2006-12-26 2008-06-26 Karen Anne Connery Method for oxygen free carburization in atmospheric pressure furnaces
US20080149226A1 (en) * 2006-12-26 2008-06-26 Karen Anne Connery Method of optimizing an oxygen free heat treating process
US20080149225A1 (en) * 2006-12-26 2008-06-26 Karen Anne Connery Method for oxygen free carburization in atmospheric pressure furnaces
US9109277B2 (en) 2011-01-10 2015-08-18 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Method and apparatus for heat treating a metal
TW201418476A (zh) * 2012-11-01 2014-05-16 Metal Ind Res & Dev Ct 用於小型熱處理爐之爐氣產生裝置
CN111172492B (zh) * 2020-01-03 2021-01-19 燕山大学 一种用于齿轮表面渗碳的装置及方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1222762B (de) * 1957-07-19 1966-08-11 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Verfahren zur Regelung der Gasaufkohlung von Stahl und Eisen oder deren Legierungen
DE2152440A1 (de) * 1971-10-21 1972-10-26 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Verfahren und Anordnung zum russfreien Aufkohlen von Stahl
US4108693A (en) * 1974-12-19 1978-08-22 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for the heat-treatment of steel and for the control of said treatment
EP0049530A1 (fr) * 1980-10-08 1982-04-14 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif pour carburer des pièces en acier
DE3139622A1 (de) * 1981-10-06 1983-04-21 Joachim Dr.-Ing. 7250 Leonberg Wünning Verfahren zur gasaufkohlung von stahl

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US2980415A (en) * 1954-02-16 1961-04-18 Honeywell Regulator Co Apparatus for controlling case hardening action
US4035203A (en) * 1973-12-21 1977-07-12 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for the heat-treatment of steel and for the control of said treatment
US4049473A (en) * 1976-03-11 1977-09-20 Airco, Inc. Methods for carburizing steel parts
SU985144A1 (ru) * 1981-03-04 1982-12-30 Предприятие П/Я Р-6205 Способ измерени углеродного потенциала науглероживающей атмосферы

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1222762B (de) * 1957-07-19 1966-08-11 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Verfahren zur Regelung der Gasaufkohlung von Stahl und Eisen oder deren Legierungen
DE2152440A1 (de) * 1971-10-21 1972-10-26 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Verfahren und Anordnung zum russfreien Aufkohlen von Stahl
US4108693A (en) * 1974-12-19 1978-08-22 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for the heat-treatment of steel and for the control of said treatment
EP0049530A1 (fr) * 1980-10-08 1982-04-14 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif pour carburer des pièces en acier
DE3139622A1 (de) * 1981-10-06 1983-04-21 Joachim Dr.-Ing. 7250 Leonberg Wünning Verfahren zur gasaufkohlung von stahl
DE3139622C2 (de) * 1981-10-06 1989-12-14 Joachim Dr.-Ing. 7250 Leonberg Wünning Verfahren zur Gasaufkohlung von Stahl und Vorrichtung zu seiner Durchführung

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, Band 89, Nr. 8, 1978, Seite 212, Nr. 63151h, Columbus, Ohio, US; E.L. GYULIKHANDANOV et al.: "Determination of the chemical reaction rate constant during the treatment of steel in an endothermic atmosphere", & IZV. AKAD. NAUK SSSR, MET. 1978, (3), 189-91 *
MICROTECNIC, Band XX, 1966, Seiten 60-64, Agifa Verlag, Association for the Study of Heat Treatment, Zürich, CH; "Heat treatment of structural steels and of tool steels" *
MICROTECNIC, Band XX, no. 3, 1966, Seiten 402,403, Agifa Verlag, Zürich, CH; R. CHATTERJEE-FISCHER: "Possibilties of measuring and regulating the C-potential during gas-carburizing and its practical significance" *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0288680A2 (fr) * 1987-04-29 1988-11-02 Ipsen Industries International Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung Procédé de cémentation gazeuse de l'acier
EP0288680A3 (en) * 1987-04-29 1990-01-31 Ipsen Industries International Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Process for carburizing steel
EP0383103A1 (fr) * 1989-02-17 1990-08-22 Vereinigte Schmiedewerke Gmbh Procédé pour la fabrication d'un matériau composite métallique tenace à résistance élevée

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3411605C2 (de) 1986-07-17
ATE45190T1 (de) 1989-08-15
EP0156378B1 (fr) 1989-08-02
EP0156378A3 (en) 1986-03-26
JPS60228665A (ja) 1985-11-13
US4591132A (en) 1986-05-27
DE3411605A1 (de) 1985-10-10

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