EP0571353B1 - Procédé pour galvaniser un feuillard et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé pour galvaniser un feuillard et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0571353B1
EP0571353B1 EP93890053A EP93890053A EP0571353B1 EP 0571353 B1 EP0571353 B1 EP 0571353B1 EP 93890053 A EP93890053 A EP 93890053A EP 93890053 A EP93890053 A EP 93890053A EP 0571353 B1 EP0571353 B1 EP 0571353B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strip
layer
zinc
iron content
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93890053A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0571353B2 (fr
EP0571353A3 (fr
EP0571353A2 (fr
Inventor
Josef Dipl.-Ing. Faderl
Manfred Dipl.-Ing. Maschek
Alois Dipl.-Ing. Stadlbauer
Klaus Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Zeman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
Voestalpine Stahl Linz GmbH
Original Assignee
Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Voestalpine Stahl Linz GmbH
Voest Alpine Industrienlagenbau GmbH
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Publication date
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Application filed by Voestalpine Stahl GmbH, Voestalpine Stahl Linz GmbH, Voest Alpine Industrienlagenbau GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Publication of EP0571353A2 publication Critical patent/EP0571353A2/fr
Publication of EP0571353A3 publication Critical patent/EP0571353A3/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for galvanizing a strip, in particular a steel strip, the strip being continuously coated with zinc in a continuous process either electrolytically with zinc or according to the hot-dip galvanizing process in a zinc bath with zinc, then to form a Zn-Fe layer of a heat treatment in a continuous furnace and is further subjected to an online control of the zinc layer by measuring the iron content of the zinc layer, the galvanizing process being controlled as a function of the iron content of the zinc layer, and a plant for carrying out the method.
  • the post-annealing process converts the pure zinc layer into a Zn-Fe layer by diffusing iron.
  • a product with different mechanical properties e.g. toughness, hardness
  • the Fe content can be measured on-line by appropriate measuring devices (for example by means of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction or similar methods), ie on-line, as described, for example, in EP-A-0 473 154, the measurement result generally about one Represents the mean of the Fe content over the thickness of the Zn-Fe layer.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop the method described at the outset in such a way that a galvanized strip can be produced with a defined layer structure, it being possible to intervene directly and directly in the manufacturing process to ensure a uniform quality of the galvanized strip and to minimize the production of rejects becomes.
  • the method according to the invention should enable the automatic consideration of intended changes to process parameters as well as their unintentional changes, so that the manufacturing process is continuously optimized and without manual intervention.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that a value of the iron content of the Zn-Fe layer is determined as the reference variable, the actual value of the iron content of the Zn-Fe layer is compared with the reference variable and a control deviation is changed by means of a controller by changing the one used as the control variable Heating capacity of the continuous furnace is balanced.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the knowledge that the diffusion processes of iron into the zinc layer (diffusion rate, iron content) are dependent on the temperature and the duration of the heat treatment in the continuous furnace.
  • the temperature control in the continuous furnace has a decisive influence on the structure of the galvanized layer and therefore also on the mechanical properties of the product.
  • the furnace temperature is therefore provided indirectly via the heating power adjust and thus ensure a uniform quality of the coated tape.
  • the radiation emission (radiation intensity or radiation power) of the surface of the strip is measured after or during the heat treatment by means of at least one pyrometer. This makes it possible to determine, regardless of the iron content of the Zn-Fe layer, whether the layer has reacted through to the surface ("completely galvanized") or whether pure zinc is still on the surface, in which case the heating power of the continuous furnace is adjusted accordingly.
  • the procedure is such that the point from which the Zn-Fe layer has reacted is determined on the belt passage section by measurement using a plurality of pyrometers arranged one behind the other in the belt running direction, and by regulating the heating power of the continuous furnace this point in front of a limit point in the belt running direction, from which the Zn-Fe layer must be reacted at the latest.
  • the control is preferably carried out in a closed control circuit with the aid of a computer which registers the control deviation and regulates the heating power of the continuous furnace by means of control commands, the computer expediently increasing the reproducibility of the quality of the strip produced, the strip dimension, the basic material of the strip with regard to its chemical Composition and / or structure, the zinc layer thickness, the composition of the zinc bath, such as its Al content, the belt speed and possibly other parameters such as the temperature of the belt at the inlet of the continuous furnace and the ambient temperature, are taken into account.
  • a preferred embodiment is characterized in that the heating power and thus the temperature within the continuous furnace can be set differently in individual heating zones.
  • the heating power in the heating zones adjacent to one another in the direction of the bandwidth can be set differently.
  • the heating power can advantageously be set differently in the heating zones lying one behind the other in the strip running direction, as a result of which the heating-up speed of the strip or the holding time of the strip at a specific temperature can be varied in order to achieve optimum strip quality.
  • the measurement of the iron content and / or the radiation emission is expediently carried out at positions distributed over the bandwidth.
  • a system for carrying out the method with a belt guiding device continuously guiding a belt along a belt run, a zinc coating device arranged on the belt run, a subsequent heat treatment device for the belt formed by a continuous furnace, and a measuring device for measuring, which is also located on the belt run and is arranged downstream of the heat treatment device of the iron content of the zinc layer is characterized in that the measuring device is coupled to a controller which is coupled to the heating device of the heat treatment device via a control line.
  • the controller is advantageously coupled to a process computer.
  • At least one additional radiation measuring device designed as a pyrometer, is expediently provided on the belt path after or in the heat treatment device, which is also coupled to the controller.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrating a system for galvanizing a strip.
  • the diagram shown in FIG. 2 shows the dependence of the iron content on the heating power.
  • FIG. 3 shows a deviation in the iron content in the Zn-Fe layer as a function of the bandwidth
  • FIG. 4 shows the dependence of the radiation emission on the holding time.
  • a steel strip 1 to be galvanized is continuously guided along a strip path 3 from a unwinding station to a winding station, also not shown, by means of a belt guide device which has a plurality of belt guide rollers 2.
  • the steel strip first reaches a zinc coating device 4, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is designed as a hot-dip galvanizing device.
  • This has a zinc bath 5 and a stripping device 7 arranged downstream in the strip running direction 6 to ensure a constant zinc layer which is of equal thickness over the bandwidth.
  • the steel strip 1 is introduced via a hot-thickness measuring system 8 for measuring the thickness of the zinc layer and via a temperature measuring device 9 into a heat treatment device 13 having two continuous furnaces 10, 11.
  • the galvanized steel strip 1 is primarily heated to the required annealing temperature.
  • the steel strip 1 is primarily kept at a constant annealing temperature.
  • the radiation emission of the completely annealed steel strip 1 is measured by means of a pyrometer 14. Cooling devices 15 are then arranged on the belt guide. At a point downstream of the heat treatment device 13 of the belt path 3, a measuring device 16 is also provided for measuring the iron content of the Zn-Fe layer, which, as indicated by the double arrow 17, is preferably displaceable over the bandwidth, so that the bandwidth is at different points a measurement can be carried out.
  • the measuring device preferably works according to the X-ray method.
  • a controller 19 coupled to a process computer 18 is coupled to heating devices of the two continuous furnaces 10, 11 for the purpose of setting the heating power, as is illustrated by the double arrows 20.
  • the aluminum dissolved in the zinc bath 5 initially forms an iron-aluminum layer (Fe2Al5) on the steel strip, which prevents a reaction of the iron substrate of the steel strip 1 and the zinc layer.
  • This system (steel strip 1 + Fe-Al layer + liquid Zn layer) reaches the first continuous furnace 10 and is brought to a temperature of 450 ° C. to 700 ° C.
  • the steel strip 1 is kept at a certain temperature or heated even further. The process of diffusion of iron into the zinc layer that occurs converts the pure zinc layer into a zinc-iron layer.
  • the Fe-Al barrier layer formed in the zinc bath is first broken up by the Zn-Fe growth at the grain boundaries of the base material, and a mushroom-shaped growth of the Zn-Fe complexes begins. Different form depending on the iron content metallurgical phases that have different properties.
  • the phases become harder or more brittle with increasing iron content. With subsequent deformation (e.g. deep drawing) this can lead to increased abrasion, which makes the adhesion of the Zn-Fe layer very poor.
  • the iron content of the Fe-Zn layer is determined using an on-line X-ray fluorescence measurement with the aid of the measuring device 16, preferably over the entire range and also over the entire length of the belt.
  • This actual value of the iron content of the Zn-Fe layer is compared with the aid of the controller 19 to a value of the iron content of the Zn-Fe layer which is predetermined as a reference variable.
  • a possible control deviation is compensated for by the controller 19 by changing the heating power of the first or also the second continuous furnace 10, 11 which serves as a control variable. If, for example, the measured iron content is lower than the desired one, the heating capacity of the continuous furnace is increased until the control deviation becomes zero or below a predetermined value has dropped (dead band), as explained below with reference to FIG. 2:
  • the course I indicates the relationship between the Fe content of the Zn-Fe layer and the heating power. This is determined empirically and e.g. made available to the control computer (controller 19) as a formula or as a table.
  • the desired setting of the Fe content Fe 1 (point A) is achieved with the power setting P 1.
  • the band behaves somewhat differently, e.g. according to course II, through unintentional changes in process parameters, e.g. Drift of the ambient temperature, drift in the transformer output when the continuous furnaces are electrically heated or when other faults occur, this results in an Fe content Fe 2 on the strip which deviates from the set value Fe 1 (point B).
  • the heating power is now changed, for example depending on the slope dP / dFe in point A'des course I, for example by the value k. dP dFe . ⁇ Fe
  • all the factors listed above influencing the iron content can be taken into account by entering the data defining these factors into the process computer 18 and, due to the coupling of the process computer 18 to the controller 19, being taken into account by the latter when determining the heating power of the heat treatment device 13.
  • Desired changes in process parameters such as a change in the dimension of the steel strip 1, a change in the chemical composition of the steel strip 1, a change in the zinc layer thickness or a change in the conveying speed of the steel strip 1, are entered into the process computer 18 to take into account the heating power of the heat treatment device.
  • a radiation emission measurement can be carried out using a pyrometer 14 for evaluation the galvan-aged layer.
  • the pyrometer 14 can be arranged after or in the heat treatment device 13 (e.g. between the galvannealing furnace 10 and the holding furnace 11). This measurement is information about the purely from the surface of the steel strip 1, i.e. its Zn-Fe layer, emitted radiation energy, which is a function of the temperature and the emission number of the surface state.
  • the emission number of a pure zinc surface is less than 0.2 and that of a fully reacted Fe-Zn surface is about 0.6. If the Zn-Fe layer has not yet completely reacted at the point of the pyrometer, the heating power of the continuous furnaces 10, 11 is increased with the aid of the controller 19 connected to a process computer 18, to which the measured value of the pyrometer is input, until a complete reaction with the help of the pyrometer is detectable.
  • the heating power is the control variable of the control process.
  • the heating power of the continuous furnaces 10, 11 is now controlled with the help of the controller 19 so that the through reaction is completed from a certain desired point.
  • the pyrometer measurement is based on the empirically determined emissivity for the pure zinc layer and a second time on the empirically determined emissivity of the fully reacted layer. In terms of calculations, this initially results in two pyrometer temperature values for the running belt that differ according to the different emission numbers.
  • the Zn-Fe layer has an Fe content within narrow limits and that the coating is completely reacted at the same time. Since it cannot be concluded directly from the information about the Fe content of the Zn-Fe layer that the coating has also reacted, it is advantageous to distribute the heating power over the length of the heat treatment device on the basis of a combination of the two information, namely the Fe content of the Zn-Fe layer and the emissivity determination.
  • the manipulated variables for the heat treatment device 13 are calculated by a computer of the controller 19 from the measured values and the target-actual deviation for the iron content and possibly for the emissivity.
  • the measured values from the hot measurement (layer thickness measurement) and / or a temperature measurement arranged in front of the afterglow furnace, the strip speed and the heating power supplied in the individual zones of the heat treatment device 13 can be used in order to increase the accuracy of the control process, as indicated by the arrows 20 , 21 is indicated.
  • the manipulated variables are calculated with the aid of a control model, which can differ depending on the measuring devices and actuating devices available in the specific system.
  • the control model is described by model parameters. These model parameters can be different for different base material, strip dimension, Al content in the zinc bath. Base material, tape dimension, Al content in the zinc bath can be transferred from a higher-level computer (e.g. production planning computer) or an external input unit to the process computer 18. They can be transferred to the computer of controller 19 with the target value valid for the product to be manufactured, cf. Arrow 22.
  • the computer of the controller 19 then calculates the corresponding control commands taking into account these model parameters of the control model.
  • the total output or the performance of parts of the continuous furnaces 10, 11 can be set within certain limits. It is particularly advantageous if the distribution of the heat input onto the belt, that is to say the heating power of the continuous furnaces 10, 11, is also within the width certain limits can be set, since this makes it possible to compensate for the deviation in the Fe content of the Zn-Fe layer shown in FIG. 3, which can occur despite the uniform thickness of the Zn-Fe layer.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé pour la galvanisation d'une bande (1), en particulier d'une bande en acier (1), dans lequel la bande (1) est revêtue en continu de zinc dans un procédé de passage continu, soit de façon électrolytique, soit selon le procédé de galvanisation à chaud dans un bain de zinc, et ensuite, cette bande est soumise à un traitement à chaud dans un four de passage continu (10, 11) pour former une couche Zn Fe, et de plus elle est soumise à un contrôle en ligne de la couche de zinc en mesurant la teneur en fer de la couche de zinc, l'opération de galvanisation étant commandée en dépendance de la teneur en fer de la couche de zinc, caractérisé en ce que l'on détermine une valeur de la teneur en fer de la couche Zn Fe en tant que grandeur pilote, on compare la valeur réelle de la teneur en fer de la couche Zn Fe avec la grandeur pilote, et on compense un écartement de réglage via un régulateur (19) par modification de la puissance calorifique du four de passage continu (10, 11), qui sert de valeur de réglage.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que pour la détection d'une réaction entière de la couche Zn Fe, l'émission de rayonnement de la surface de la bande (1) est mesurée après ou pendant le traitement thermique au moyen d'au moins un pyromètre (14).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on détermine, sur le trajet de passage de bande (3), par mesure au moyen de plusieurs pyromètres (14) agencés les uns derrière les autres en direction de circulation de bande (6), cet emplacement à partir duquel la couche Zn Fe a entièrement réagi, et en ce que par réglage de la puissance calorifique du four de passage continu (10, 11), cet emplacement est amené en direction de circulation de bande (6) avant un emplacement limite à partir duquel la couche Zn Fe doit au plus tard avoir réagi entièrement.
  4. Procédé selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le réglage est effectué dans un circuit de réglage fermé à l'aide d'un ordinateur qui enregistre l'écartement de réglage et qui règle au moyen d'ordres de réglage la puissance calorifique du four de passage continu (10, 11).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'ordinateur prend en considération la dimension de la bande, le matériau de base de la bande (1) en ce qui concerne sa composition chimique et/ou sa structure, l'épaisseur de la couche de zinc, la composition du bain de zinc, comme par exemple sa teneur en Al, la vitesse de la bande, et le cas échéant d'autres paramètres, comme la température de la bande (1) à l'entrée du four de passage continu (10, 11) et la température ambiante.
  6. Procédé selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la puissance calorifique et ainsi la température peuvent être réglées différemment à l'intérieur du four de passage continu (10, 11) dans les zones de réchauffement individuelles (12, 12').
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la puissance calorifique peut être réglée différemment dans les zones de réchauffement (12, 12') situées les unes à côté des autres en direction de la largeur de bande.
  8. Procédé selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 6 et 7, caractérisé en ce que la puissance calorifique peut être réglée différemment dans les zones de réchauffement situées les unes derrière les autres en direction du passage de la bande.
  9. Procédé selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la mesure de la teneur en fer et/ou de l'émission de rayonnement s'effectue à des emplacements agencés en réparation sur la largeur de la bande.
  10. Installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 9, comportant un dispositif de guidage de bande (2) guidant une bande (1) le long d'un trajet de passage de bande (3), un dispositif de revêtement de zinc (4) agencé sur le trajet de passage de bande (3), un dispositif de traitement thermique (13) agencé à la suite et formé par un four de passage en continu pour la bande (1), et un dispositif de mesure (16) situé également sur le trajet de passage de bande (3) et agencé en aval du dispositif de traitement thermique (13), pour mesurer la teneur en fer de la couche de zinc, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de mesure (16) est accouplé à un régulateur (19) qui est accouplé via une ligne de commande au dispositif de chauffage du dispositif de traitement thermique (13).
  11. Installation selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que le régulateur (19) est accouplé à un ordinateur de traitement (18).
  12. Installation selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 10 et 11, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu au moins un dispositif de mesure de rayonnement supplémentaire réalisé sous la forme de pyromètre (14) agencé sur le trajet de passage de bande (3) après ou dans le dispositif de traitement thermique (13), qui est également accouplé au régulateur (19).
EP93890053A 1992-03-31 1993-03-23 Procédé pour galvaniser un feuillard et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé Expired - Lifetime EP0571353B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT65492 1992-03-31
AT0065492A AT397815B (de) 1992-03-31 1992-03-31 Verfahren zum verzinken eines bandes sowie anlage zur durchführung des verfahrens
AT654/92 1992-03-31

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0571353A2 EP0571353A2 (fr) 1993-11-24
EP0571353A3 EP0571353A3 (fr) 1994-01-26
EP0571353B1 true EP0571353B1 (fr) 1996-01-31
EP0571353B2 EP0571353B2 (fr) 2000-01-26

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EP93890053A Expired - Lifetime EP0571353B2 (fr) 1992-03-31 1993-03-23 Procédé pour galvaniser un feuillard et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0571353B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06207297A (fr)
AT (2) AT397815B (fr)
DE (1) DE59301528D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT405770B (de) * 1997-09-24 1999-11-25 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen Verfahren zur regelung eines ''galvannealing''-prozesses
DE10021948B4 (de) * 2000-05-05 2004-02-19 Thyssenkrupp Stahl Ag Verfahren und Anlage zum Verzinken eines Stahlbandes
BRPI0412599B1 (pt) * 2003-07-29 2016-05-17 Voestalpine Automotive Gmbh método para produção de peças estruturais endurecidas feitas de chapa de chapa de aço.
WO2009021279A1 (fr) * 2007-08-10 2009-02-19 Bluescope Steel Limited Commande de ligne de revêtement

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE652482A (fr) * 1963-09-03 1964-12-16

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JPH068791B2 (ja) * 1984-02-10 1994-02-02 川崎製鉄株式会社 合金化亜鉛めつき鋼板の合金化度の測定方法
FR2563537A1 (fr) * 1984-04-25 1985-10-31 Stein Heurtey Procede et dispositif de recuit de diffusion pour l'obtention de toles a revetement allie
US4659437A (en) * 1985-01-19 1987-04-21 Tokusen Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of thermal diffusion alloy plating for steel wire on continuous basis
JPH01252761A (ja) * 1987-12-08 1989-10-09 Kawasaki Steel Corp 溶融亜鉛めっき用合金化炉の板温制御装置
JPH0637702B2 (ja) * 1988-09-29 1994-05-18 川崎製鉄株式会社 溶融亜鉛めっき合金化炉の燃料制御方法
JP2904891B2 (ja) * 1990-08-31 1999-06-14 日新製鋼株式会社 合金化亜鉛めつき鋼板のオンライン合金化度測定装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE652482A (fr) * 1963-09-03 1964-12-16

Non-Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KAWASAKI Alloy Sensor, Continuous Meausuring System for the Fe of Galvannealed Coating, gedruckt in Japan Okt. 1988 *
NKK Technical Review Nr. 63 (1991), Seiten 23-31 *
Proceedings of the International Conference on Zinc alloy coated Steel Sheet- GALVATECH, 1989, Tokio, The Iron and Steel Institute of Japana, Seiten 138-145 *
Proceedings of the International Conference on Zinc and Zinc alloy coated Steel Sheet-GALVATECH, 1989, Tokio, The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, Seiten 3-12. *
Transactions ISIJ, Vol. 23, 1983, Seite B-336 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH06207297A (ja) 1994-07-26
EP0571353B2 (fr) 2000-01-26
ATE133717T1 (de) 1996-02-15
AT397815B (de) 1994-07-25
EP0571353A3 (fr) 1994-01-26
EP0571353A2 (fr) 1993-11-24
DE59301528D1 (de) 1996-03-14
ATA65492A (de) 1993-11-15

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