EP0156221A2 - Chauffe-eau - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0156221A2
EP0156221A2 EP85102625A EP85102625A EP0156221A2 EP 0156221 A2 EP0156221 A2 EP 0156221A2 EP 85102625 A EP85102625 A EP 85102625A EP 85102625 A EP85102625 A EP 85102625A EP 0156221 A2 EP0156221 A2 EP 0156221A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
electric heating
water heater
heater according
heating element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85102625A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0156221A3 (en
EP0156221B1 (fr
Inventor
Erwin Dipl.-Ing. Gross
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
C and F Czepek und Fentross GmbH
Original Assignee
C and F Czepek und Fentross GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19848407212 external-priority patent/DE8407212U1/de
Priority claimed from DE19848408655 external-priority patent/DE8408655U1/de
Application filed by C and F Czepek und Fentross GmbH filed Critical C and F Czepek und Fentross GmbH
Priority to AT85102625T priority Critical patent/ATE48690T1/de
Publication of EP0156221A2 publication Critical patent/EP0156221A2/fr
Publication of EP0156221A3 publication Critical patent/EP0156221A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0156221B1 publication Critical patent/EP0156221B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/005—Anodic protection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0015—Guiding means in water channels
    • F24H9/0021—Sleeves surrounding heating elements or heating pipes, e.g. pipes filled with heat transfer fluid, for guiding heated liquid

Definitions

  • the invention relates on the one hand to a water heater such.
  • a water heater such as B. hot water tank, instantaneous water heater, boiling water device with an electric heating insert and on the other hand on electric radiators in water heaters such as hot water tanks with an internal corrosion protection coating.
  • Water heaters such as B. hot water tank, water heater, household appliances, chemical-technical apparatus and. a., which are heated with electric heating inserts, are at risk from limescale deposits on the heating elements due to overheating, depending on the water hardness.
  • Proposals are known to prevent the deposition of hardness on the electric heating element by utilizing the electrolytic dissociation effect: By applying a direct voltage between the heating element and the container wall - whereby the jacket tube of the heating element is connected as the anode and the container wall as the cathode - the ions of the hardness elements are preferentially turned on the container wall is deposited.
  • the cladding tube of the electric heating insert must consist of an anodically passivatable material, such as, for. B. titanium, tantalum or niobium.
  • the cladding tube must be coated on the outer surface in addition to ensure a sufficient current transfer with a thin layer of noble metal from the platinum series (DE-OS 31 05 922).
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a water heater such as. B. hot water storage tank, instantaneous water heater, boiling water device with an electric heating insert comprising a cladding tube made of an anodically passivatable material with a coating with a noble metal from the platinum series so that a material and thus inexpensive protection of the electric heating insert against limescale takes place.
  • the object is achieved in that the precious metal layer is applied to form coating-free spots in any geometric pattern on the cladding tube of the heating element.
  • the noble metal layer surfaces preferably form a regularly recurring geometric pattern.
  • areas of noble metal ie, e.g. B. platinized and non-platinized surfaces evenly distributed over the entire surface of the heating element.
  • the electro-chemical effect described below can be used for the limescale protection of the surfaces not coated with the precious metal.
  • H. Carbonic acid is formed on the electric heating rod from the hydrogen carbonate ions that are separated here. The latter immediately dissolves a calcium or magnesium carbonate layer that forms on the platinum-free areas. This effect is particularly effective with an area ratio of titanium area to platinum area of 1: to 2: 1, the distance between the platinized areas being approximately 1-2 cm.
  • the areas free of the precious metal layer can be obtained by winding covering tapes in a spiral or ring shape when the platinum layer is applied, as well as by applying synthetic resin or covering masks.
  • an additional cathodic surface in the form of a jacket around the heating element.
  • a sheet metal z. B the surface can be closed or segmented. But it can also consist of a metal wire mesh, metal rods, or a perforated expanded metal grid.
  • the invention relates to an electric heating insert with cathodic corrosion protection, which is installed in an electrically insulated manner in a water reservoir with an internal corrosion protection coating.
  • Hot water storage tanks for example with enamelled inner walls, are cathodically protected by sacrificial anodes or external current anodes to prevent corrosion. If such stores are additionally electrically heated with electric radiators, the following difficulties arise: Including the radiator with its bare metal surface in the cathodically protected container wall results in excessive magnesium consumption in the case of magnesium sacrificial anodes or in the case of external current anodes (inert anodes) ) - At certain wall locations of the storage tank, sufficient negative protection potential has not been achieved due to the shadow effect or protective current extraction by the electric heater.
  • the metal screw-in head of the electric radiator was coated with insulating plastic. This is also problematic since, as is well known, even high-quality plastics do not have long-term durability under hot water conditions.
  • a further object of the present invention is to design an electric heating insert with cathodic corrosion protection, which is installed in an electrically insulated manner in a water reservoir with an internal corrosion protection coating, in such a way that corrosion in the hot water reservoir is largely avoided.
  • the cladding tube of the electric heating insert is made of an anodic passivable metal and can be electrically anodized for passivation.
  • the anodically passivatable metal is preferably titanium, niobium or tantalum.
  • the invention uses an anodically passivable metal instead of the previously anodically attackable cladding tube material, such as, for example, copper or nickel alloys, so that the above-mentioned corrosion problems do not occur.
  • Titanium, niobium or tantalum has proven to be a suitable material.
  • a tubular jacket made of titanium z. B. passivates reliably under anodic conditions while maintaining a maximum potential of approximately 12 volts breakdown potential. This value is never exceeded with cathodically protected hot water storage tanks. In order to ensure the anodic passivation with all types of hot water tanks with certainty, it is additionally proposed to apply an anodic charge to the insulated pipe jacket.
  • An electric heating insert 2 is arranged within a water heater 1 and is mounted in an electrically insulated manner in the container wall or in a lid or in a screwing head (reference number 3).
  • the electrical energy for heating preferably alternating current, is fed to the connections 4.
  • Limescale deposits on the electric heating insert 2 are now prevented in the known manner by a DC voltage as follows.
  • a direct current source 5 is connected at location 6 with the positive pole to the cladding tube of the electric heating insert 2 and at location 7 with the negative pole to the container wall.
  • This anodic circuit of the heating element 2 prevents the ions of the hardness formers from being deposited on the heating element 2 and thus prevents the formation of limescale.
  • an additional cathode surface 8 is shown opposite the container wall, on which lime is deposited in a targeted manner. It is particularly necessary for storage with internal enamelling or plastic coating.
  • the cathode surface completely or partially envelops the electric heating element 2 and is connected in an electrically conductive manner to the container wall via the line 9.
  • the limescale can settle on this additional cathode surface, regardless of the geometric shape and surface coating of the container wall.
  • the cathode surface 8 consists of a metal part. As a material for this z. B. normal or galvanized iron can be used. The embodiment has already been described above. These additional cathode surfaces can also consist of bi-metal sheet pieces. In the case of bi-metal sheets, 2 metal sheets with different coefficients of thermal expansion are rolled together. Due to the bending effect under temperature changes, adhering layers of limescale easily crack.
  • Fig. 3 shows an enlarged portion of the hairpin-shaped electric heating insert 2, for example.
  • the double-hatched areas 10, 11 and 12 represent z.
  • B. is platinized patches.
  • B. a spiral 10 or an annular 11 surface arrangement possible.
  • a grid-like embodiment is to be indicated by reference number 12.
  • the areas of the heating element lying between the hatched areas have no noble metal layer, so they consist of an anodically passivatable material such as, for. B. Titan.
  • an external current anode 14 with its part 15 platinum-plated for the protective current outlet is arranged in one of the hot water storage tanks 13 to be removed for corrosion protection.
  • the anode is passed through the container wall in an electrically insulated manner.
  • the protective current is supplied by a direct current source 17 which is connected to the external current anode (reference number 18) with the positive pole and to the container wall (reference number 19) with the negative pole.
  • a direct current source 17 which is connected to the external current anode (reference number 18) with the positive pole and to the container wall (reference number 19) with the negative pole.
  • the water can be heated via heating coils or a double jacket (not shown in the drawing), the heating medium being removed, for example, from boilers or heat pumps. Additionally or alternatively, the hot water is heated by an electric heating element 20, the electrically insulated installation of which in the hot water tank 13 takes place in the area of the reference numeral 21.
  • the electrical energy for heating the hot water is supplied to the connections 22 as an alternating or three-phase current.
  • the tubular casing of the electric heating element 20 which is made of titanium, for example, the tubular casing is connected to the positive pole of the direct current source 17 parallel to the external current anode 14 (connection 23).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
EP85102625A 1984-03-09 1985-03-08 Chauffe-eau Expired EP0156221B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85102625T ATE48690T1 (de) 1984-03-09 1985-03-08 Wassererhitzer.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8407212U 1984-03-09
DE19848407212 DE8407212U1 (de) 1984-03-09 1984-03-09 Wassererhitzer mit elektroheizeinsatz
DE8408655U 1984-03-21
DE19848408655 DE8408655U1 (de) 1984-03-21 1984-03-21 Elektroheizkoerper mit isolierter durchfuehrung in warmwasserspeichern

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0156221A2 true EP0156221A2 (fr) 1985-10-02
EP0156221A3 EP0156221A3 (en) 1987-05-27
EP0156221B1 EP0156221B1 (fr) 1989-12-13

Family

ID=25949871

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85102625A Expired EP0156221B1 (fr) 1984-03-09 1985-03-08 Chauffe-eau

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0156221B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3574769D1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2639961A1 (fr) * 1988-11-28 1990-06-08 Lobry Andre Dispositif de protection contre l'entartrage ou la corrosion des surfaces en contact avec des liquides
DE4008329C1 (en) * 1990-03-15 1991-05-02 Norsk Hydro Magnesiumgesellschaft Mbh, 4250 Bottrop, De Electric water heater - has resistance heater embedded in electrically insulating material, esp. magnesium oxide
FR2657089A1 (fr) * 1990-01-16 1991-07-19 Lobry Andre Antitartre et anticorrosion des surfaces en contact avec des liquides.
WO2004108992A1 (fr) * 2003-06-03 2004-12-16 Titanium Metals Corporation Article en titane presentant une resistance accrue a la corrosion

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3012958A (en) * 1958-04-17 1961-12-12 Patrol Valve Co Vitreous lined water tanks with sacrificial anodes
DE1258704B (de) * 1955-02-01 1968-01-11 Dow Chemical Co Galvanische Anode fuer den kathodischen Schutz von Metalloberflaechen
DE3105922A1 (de) * 1981-02-18 1982-09-09 Buderus Ag, 6330 Wetzlar Wassererhitzer mit einem an wechselstrom angeschlossenen elektro- heizeinsatz

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1258704B (de) * 1955-02-01 1968-01-11 Dow Chemical Co Galvanische Anode fuer den kathodischen Schutz von Metalloberflaechen
US3012958A (en) * 1958-04-17 1961-12-12 Patrol Valve Co Vitreous lined water tanks with sacrificial anodes
DE3105922A1 (de) * 1981-02-18 1982-09-09 Buderus Ag, 6330 Wetzlar Wassererhitzer mit einem an wechselstrom angeschlossenen elektro- heizeinsatz

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2639961A1 (fr) * 1988-11-28 1990-06-08 Lobry Andre Dispositif de protection contre l'entartrage ou la corrosion des surfaces en contact avec des liquides
FR2657089A1 (fr) * 1990-01-16 1991-07-19 Lobry Andre Antitartre et anticorrosion des surfaces en contact avec des liquides.
DE4008329C1 (en) * 1990-03-15 1991-05-02 Norsk Hydro Magnesiumgesellschaft Mbh, 4250 Bottrop, De Electric water heater - has resistance heater embedded in electrically insulating material, esp. magnesium oxide
WO2004108992A1 (fr) * 2003-06-03 2004-12-16 Titanium Metals Corporation Article en titane presentant une resistance accrue a la corrosion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0156221A3 (en) 1987-05-27
EP0156221B1 (fr) 1989-12-13
DE3574769D1 (de) 1990-01-18

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