US2508171A - Electrode construction - Google Patents
Electrode construction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2508171A US2508171A US45077A US4507748A US2508171A US 2508171 A US2508171 A US 2508171A US 45077 A US45077 A US 45077A US 4507748 A US4507748 A US 4507748A US 2508171 A US2508171 A US 2508171A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- core
- tank
- anodes
- wire
- electrode
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
Definitions
- My invention relates to electrode constructions applicable to water storage tanks for preventing corrosion thereof and has for an object to provide improved apparatus of this kind.
- a further object of the invention is to provide an electrode of this kind which may be readily applied to a tank installed in a room having low head room,
- a still further object of the invention is to provide an improved electrode of the type set forth which may be readily manufactured.
- Fig. 1 is a vertical, sectional view taken through a domestic hot water storage tank having an electrode applied thereto which is constructed and arranged in accordance with my invention
- Fig. 2 is a longitudinal, sectional View taken through the electrode construction shown in Fig. 1;
- I Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken through an anode element during assembly thereof to the supporting core
- Fig. 4 is a transverse section taken along the line IVIV of Fig. 2.
- a rod approximately one inch in diameter and of the order of fifty inches in length extends into the water centrally of the tank side walls.
- the anodic sacrificial rod is corroded by the galvanic current and requires periodic replacement
- the replacing of the rod usually involves the disconnection of the tank from the piping in the house so that the tank 2 may be tilted for the insertion of the rod. It ha been proposed to form the rod in short lengths which may be screwed together as they are individually inserted in the tank. However, corrosion at the threaded connections rapidly occurs and the resistance to current flow at these oxidized junctions may reduce the galvanic current produced to a value insufiicient for protection of the tank.
- a current conducting wire is helically wound on the surface of the core and the blocks or anodes have cylindrical openings therein for receiving the core.
- the outside diameter of the core and wire helix is slightly greater than the openings in the anodes when the resilient core is free and slightly less than said diameter of the openings when the core is longitudinally stretched.
- the anodes With the core stretched, the anodes may be readily threaded on the core and over the wire helix in proper spaced relation during assembly of the electrode and, when the tension on the core and wire helix is removed, they expand and the helical wire is forced into contact with the surface of the openings in the anodes. Accordingly, all anodes are electrically connected together by the wire.
- the wire is also electrically connected to the plug which closes the opening in the water tank and which serves to support the electrode in the tank. This construction permits the bending of the electrode structure so that it may be inserted in a tank even though the head room available is short. Since the electrode construction may be assembled at the factory where all electrical connections are properly made, the proper flow of protective current is assured and the difi'lculties set forth heretofore in connection with the assembly of various rod sections during installation are obviated.
- I have shown my improved electrode construction, generally indicated at It, applied to a conventional domestic hot water storage tank II, the latter including respective conduits I2 and I3 for the admission of cold water and for the discharge of hot water.
- the top wall of the tank indicated at M is provided with a threaded opening 15 through which the electrode construction It) is inserted in the tank.
- the means for heating the water has not been shown since it forms no part of the present invention.
- the electrode construction In includes a plurality of spaced anodes l6 formed of a material, for example, magnesium which is anodic to the material from which the tank is fabricated.
- the anodes l6 are each provided with generally cylindrical openings I l for receiving a resilient core l8, the anodes 16 being longitudinally spaced on the core l8 as shown in Fig. 1.
- a current conducting wire l9 formed of any suitable metal is helically wound on the resilient core 18 and serves to electrically connect all of the anodes 16 together.
- the upper end of the core l8 and the helical wire closely fit within an opening 2
- the upper end of the helical wire I! is forced by the resilient core I 8 firmly into engagement with the surface of the opening 2
- the latter maybe crimped, as shown at 23, to firmly grip the resilient core I8.
- the openings ll have a diameter which is slightly less than the over-all diameter of the core I 3 and helical wire I9 when the core I8 is free, but, when the core l8 and wire I! are stretched longitudinally, the: diameter of the wire helix I9 and the core I8 is reduced to a value slightly less than the diameter of the opening ll. Accordingly, when the core l8 is stretched the anodes l6 may be; readily moved along the core and helix [9 to their proper positions after which the tension is removed from the core.
- protective currents flow from the various anodes l6 through the water to all regions of the tank walls and thence through the plug 22 and the conductor I9 to the anodes l6.
- these galvanic protective currents neutralize the currents flowing from thenumerous anodic areas of the tank walls and prevent. corrosion at these areas.
- the anodes l6 are spaced apart to uniformly distribute the protective current to all regions of the tank walls.
- the. uppermost anode It is so spaced below the plug 2-2 that the protective current flowing from this anode IE to the top wall I l approximates the current flowing to all of the regions of the: tank. walls. Accordingly, rapid corrosion of the upper anode I6 is avoided.
- the spacingof the anodes E6 on the resilient core !8. permits bending of the electrode construction Itv when. applied to a tank having low head room.
- the electrode construction I'El may be sharply bent as it is threaded through the opening 15 to. its operating position.
- an improved electrode for cathodically protecting a water storage tank against corrosion which electrode, being flexible, may be bent to facilitate the installation thereof in a tank where the available head room is limited. Since the electrode may be completely fabricated as a unit at the factory, it may be readily and economically installed without adjustments or the completion of electrical connections at the time of installation. Furthermore, the completion of the electrode at the factory' as a unit assures uniform potential between the various electrodes l6 and the tank and, therefore, uniform distribution of the protective current to-all surfaces of the tank walls.
- an electrode construction of the character described the combination of a supporting plug, an elongated resilient core carried by the plug, a wire helically wound on the exterior of the core and a plurality of anodic members spaced longitudinally on the core, said members having generally cylindrical openings extending therethrough for receiving the resilient core and the wire wound thereon, said resilient core and helical wire having a free diameter slightly greater than the diameter of said openings and, when longitudinally stretched, a diameter slightly less than the diameter of the openings, the construction andarrangement being such that the anodic members may be moved longitudinally on the core when the latter is stretched and are gripped by the core when free, the helical wire being forced outwardly by the core into engagement with the surfaces of the openings and electrically connecting the anodic members together.
- an electrode construction for a water storage tank having an aperture in a wallthereof, the combination of a plug adapted for closing the aperture in the tank, an elongated resilient core fixed to said plug and adapted to extend within the tank, an electrical current conducting wire helically wound on the outer surface of said core and electrically connected to said plug and a. plurality of anodes spaced apart longitudinally of said core, said anodes having respective openings therein for receiving the core and the helical wire wound thereon and said core resiliently urging said wire into engagement with the surfaces of said openings for electrically connecting the wire and the various anodes.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
Description
May 16, 1950 w. KAUFMAN ELECTRODE CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 19, 1948 INVENTOR Laws VV. Kaufman BY ATTORNEY Patented May 16, 1950 ELECTRODE CONSTRUCTION Louis W. Kaufman, Mansfield, Ohio, assignor to Westinghouse Electric Corporation, East Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application August 19, 1948, Serial No. 45,077
2 Claims.
My invention relates to electrode constructions applicable to water storage tanks for preventing corrosion thereof and has for an object to provide improved apparatus of this kind.
A further object of the invention is to provide an electrode of this kind which may be readily applied to a tank installed in a room having low head room,
f A still further object of the invention is to provide an improved electrode of the type set forth which may be readily manufactured.
These and other objects are effected by the invention as will be apparent from the following description and claims taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, forming a part of this application, in which:
Fig. 1 is a vertical, sectional view taken through a domestic hot water storage tank having an electrode applied thereto which is constructed and arranged in accordance with my invention;
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal, sectional View taken through the electrode construction shown in Fig. 1;
I Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken through an anode element during assembly thereof to the supporting core; and
Fig. 4 is a transverse section taken along the line IVIV of Fig. 2.
As is well understood, corrosion of the walls of water tanks is due primarily to electrolysis. Impurities in the metal forming the tank or the use of dissimilar metals produces a multitude of anodic and cathodic regions so that a number of galvanic currents are produced. Corrosion occurs at the anodic areas and, after a period of time, the tank is rendered unfit for use. The employment of an electrode formed of metal anodic with respect to the tank structure has been known for many years for providing a galvanic current which neutralizes the galvanic currents produced by impurities in the metal forming the tank. A rod of magnesium having one end electrically connected to the tank is usually employed for this purpose, as magnesium is anodic with respect to al1.metals usually found in a tank structure. For the protection of domestic hot water tanks, a rod approximately one inch in diameter and of the order of fifty inches in length extends into the water centrally of the tank side walls. During operation, the anodic sacrificial rod is corroded by the galvanic current and requires periodic replacement,
Due to low head room usually prevailing in rooms housing the tank, the replacing of the rod usually involves the disconnection of the tank from the piping in the house so that the tank 2 may be tilted for the insertion of the rod. It ha been proposed to form the rod in short lengths which may be screwed together as they are individually inserted in the tank. However, corrosion at the threaded connections rapidly occurs and the resistance to current flow at these oxidized junctions may reduce the galvanic current produced to a value insufiicient for protection of the tank.
In accordance with the present invention, I propose to use a plurality of blocks of magnesium or other suitable metals which are carried by and longitudinally spaced upon an elongated resilient member formed, for example, of synthetic rubber. A current conducting wire is helically wound on the surface of the core and the blocks or anodes have cylindrical openings therein for receiving the core. The outside diameter of the core and wire helix is slightly greater than the openings in the anodes when the resilient core is free and slightly less than said diameter of the openings when the core is longitudinally stretched. With the core stretched, the anodes may be readily threaded on the core and over the wire helix in proper spaced relation during assembly of the electrode and, when the tension on the core and wire helix is removed, they expand and the helical wire is forced into contact with the surface of the openings in the anodes. Accordingly, all anodes are electrically connected together by the wire. The wire is also electrically connected to the plug which closes the opening in the water tank and which serves to support the electrode in the tank. This construction permits the bending of the electrode structure so that it may be inserted in a tank even though the head room available is short. Since the electrode construction may be assembled at the factory where all electrical connections are properly made, the proper flow of protective current is assured and the difi'lculties set forth heretofore in connection with the assembly of various rod sections during installation are obviated.
Referrin now to the drawing, I have shown my improved electrode construction, generally indicated at It, applied to a conventional domestic hot water storage tank II, the latter including respective conduits I2 and I3 for the admission of cold water and for the discharge of hot water. The top wall of the tank indicated at M is provided with a threaded opening 15 through which the electrode construction It) is inserted in the tank. The means for heating the water has not been shown since it forms no part of the present invention.
The electrode construction In includes a plurality of spaced anodes l6 formed of a material, for example, magnesium which is anodic to the material from which the tank is fabricated. The anodes l6 are each provided with generally cylindrical openings I l for receiving a resilient core l8, the anodes 16 being longitudinally spaced on the core l8 as shown in Fig. 1. A current conducting wire l9 formed of any suitable metal is helically wound on the resilient core 18 and serves to electrically connect all of the anodes 16 together.
The upper end of the core l8 and the helical wire closely fit within an opening 2| formed in a plug 22 which is threaded in the opening I-S of the tank wall 14. The upper end of the helical wire I!) is forced by the resilient core I 8 firmly into engagement with the surface of the opening 2| so that the wire I9 is electrically connected or grounded to the plug 22. In order to prevent displacement of the core l8 from the plug, 22, the latter maybe crimped, as shown at 23, to firmly grip the resilient core I8.
In order to facilitate the manufacture or as sembly of the anodes I and the core l8, the openings ll have a diameter which is slightly less than the over-all diameter of the core I 3 and helical wire I9 when the core I8 is free, but, when the core l8 and wire I!) are stretched longitudinally, the: diameter of the wire helix I9 and the core I8 is reduced to a value slightly less than the diameter of the opening ll. Accordingly, when the core l8 is stretched the anodes l6 may be; readily moved along the core and helix [9 to their proper positions after which the tension is removed from the core. The removal of tension from the core l8 permits expansion of the core l8 and the helical wire l9 so that the latter is firmly forced intocontact with the surfaces of the openings ll. Accordingly, all of the anodes l5 and the plug 22- are electrically connected by the wire l9.
During operation of the electrode l0 when installed in awater tank, protective currents flow from the various anodes l6 through the water to all regions of the tank walls and thence through the plug 22 and the conductor I9 to the anodes l6. As isv well understood, these galvanic protective currents neutralize the currents flowing from thenumerous anodic areas of the tank walls and prevent. corrosion at these areas. The anodes l6 are spaced apart to uniformly distribute the protective current to all regions of the tank walls. Preferably, the. uppermost anode It is so spaced below the plug 2-2 that the protective current flowing from this anode IE to the top wall I l approximates the current flowing to all of the regions of the: tank. walls. Accordingly, rapid corrosion of the upper anode I6 is avoided.
The spacingof the anodes E6 on the resilient core !8. permits bending of the electrode construction Itv when. applied to a tank having low head room. The electrode construction I'El may be sharply bent as it is threaded through the opening 15 to. its operating position.
From the foregoing description, it will be noted that. thecore I8 is slightly compressed in the anodes l6= and prevents the admission of water to the opening I]. in the anodes. Accordingly, corrosion. of the anode surfaces defining this opening is prevented. The flow of current from the anodes is from the surfaces in contact with the water- In this connection, it will also be noted that corrosion of the wire l9 does not occur 0 Number since the material forming this wire is cathodic with respect to the anode and, therefore, a protective current will always flow from the anodes to the portions of the wire H! which are exposed to the water.
From the foregoing description, it will be apparent that I have provided an improved electrode for cathodically protecting a water storage tank against corrosion, which electrode, being flexible, may be bent to facilitate the installation thereof in a tank where the available head room is limited. Since the electrode may be completely fabricated as a unit at the factory, it may be readily and economically installed without adjustments or the completion of electrical connections at the time of installation. Furthermore, the completion of the electrode at the factory' as a unit assures uniform potential between the various electrodes l6 and the tank and, therefore, uniform distribution of the protective current to-all surfaces of the tank walls.
While the invention has been shown in but one form, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible of various changes and modfiications without departing from the spirit thereof.
What I claim is:
1. In an electrode construction of the character described, the combination of a supporting plug, an elongated resilient core carried by the plug, a wire helically wound on the exterior of the core and a plurality of anodic members spaced longitudinally on the core, said members having generally cylindrical openings extending therethrough for receiving the resilient core and the wire wound thereon, said resilient core and helical wire having a free diameter slightly greater than the diameter of said openings and, when longitudinally stretched, a diameter slightly less than the diameter of the openings, the construction andarrangement being such that the anodic members may be moved longitudinally on the core when the latter is stretched and are gripped by the core when free, the helical wire being forced outwardly by the core into engagement with the surfaces of the openings and electrically connecting the anodic members together.
2. In an electrode construction for a water storage tank having an aperture in a wallthereof, the combination of a plug adapted for closing the aperture in the tank, an elongated resilient core fixed to said plug and adapted to extend within the tank, an electrical current conducting wire helically wound on the outer surface of said core and electrically connected to said plug and a. plurality of anodes spaced apart longitudinally of said core, said anodes having respective openings therein for receiving the core and the helical wire wound thereon and said core resiliently urging said wire into engagement with the surfaces of said openings for electrically connecting the wire and the various anodes.
LOUIS W. KAUFMAN.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Delius et a1 Apr. 8, 1924 Butler Oct. 12, 1948
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US45077A US2508171A (en) | 1948-08-19 | 1948-08-19 | Electrode construction |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US45077A US2508171A (en) | 1948-08-19 | 1948-08-19 | Electrode construction |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2508171A true US2508171A (en) | 1950-05-16 |
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US45077A Expired - Lifetime US2508171A (en) | 1948-08-19 | 1948-08-19 | Electrode construction |
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Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2666027A (en) * | 1949-01-13 | 1954-01-12 | Corrosion Control Company | Anode for cathodic protecting systems |
US2670327A (en) * | 1950-05-26 | 1954-02-23 | Clarence M Rader | Electrolytic liquid treating device |
US2766200A (en) * | 1952-09-04 | 1956-10-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Water heating apparatus |
US2809932A (en) * | 1955-06-21 | 1957-10-15 | Allen Mfg Corp | Anode for hot water tanks |
US2838453A (en) * | 1954-11-18 | 1958-06-10 | Hughes & Co | Cathodic protection means |
US2870079A (en) * | 1954-11-16 | 1959-01-20 | Texas Co | Cathodic protection of metal structures |
US2876190A (en) * | 1955-04-18 | 1959-03-03 | Union Carbide Corp | Duct anode |
US2926128A (en) * | 1956-05-11 | 1960-02-23 | Flower Archibald Thomas | Anode connector for conductor wires |
US2996445A (en) * | 1958-01-17 | 1961-08-15 | Eisenberg Morris | Corrosion inhibiting anode structure |
US3037920A (en) * | 1958-05-26 | 1962-06-05 | Patrol Valve Co | Indicator system for sacrificial anodes |
US3133872A (en) * | 1959-03-10 | 1964-05-19 | Chemionics Engineering Lab Inc | Anode for electrochemical applications |
US4292149A (en) * | 1979-01-19 | 1981-09-29 | Imi Marston Limited | Current rope anodes |
WO1983003849A1 (en) * | 1982-04-28 | 1983-11-10 | Gould Inc. | Method and means for generating electrical and magnetic fields in salt water environments |
US4486288A (en) * | 1982-03-11 | 1984-12-04 | Linder Bjoern H | Oxide anode for use in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection |
US5288388A (en) * | 1987-12-09 | 1994-02-22 | Societe Anonyme: Societe Lyonnaise D'electronique Appliquee | Homogeneous potentiometer sensor |
US20060035540A1 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2006-02-16 | Magnesium Elektron Limited | Composite sacrificial anodes |
US20080190919A1 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2008-08-14 | Bock Water Heaters, Inc. | Water Heater Anode and Mounting Fixture |
US20110223799A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited | Contact |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1489743A (en) * | 1921-03-29 | 1924-04-08 | Delius George | Electrolytic terminal |
US2451067A (en) * | 1946-10-30 | 1948-10-12 | Edgar M Butler | Self-energizing electrolytic water correction device |
-
1948
- 1948-08-19 US US45077A patent/US2508171A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1489743A (en) * | 1921-03-29 | 1924-04-08 | Delius George | Electrolytic terminal |
US2451067A (en) * | 1946-10-30 | 1948-10-12 | Edgar M Butler | Self-energizing electrolytic water correction device |
Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2666027A (en) * | 1949-01-13 | 1954-01-12 | Corrosion Control Company | Anode for cathodic protecting systems |
US2670327A (en) * | 1950-05-26 | 1954-02-23 | Clarence M Rader | Electrolytic liquid treating device |
US2766200A (en) * | 1952-09-04 | 1956-10-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Water heating apparatus |
US2870079A (en) * | 1954-11-16 | 1959-01-20 | Texas Co | Cathodic protection of metal structures |
US2838453A (en) * | 1954-11-18 | 1958-06-10 | Hughes & Co | Cathodic protection means |
US2876190A (en) * | 1955-04-18 | 1959-03-03 | Union Carbide Corp | Duct anode |
US2809932A (en) * | 1955-06-21 | 1957-10-15 | Allen Mfg Corp | Anode for hot water tanks |
US2926128A (en) * | 1956-05-11 | 1960-02-23 | Flower Archibald Thomas | Anode connector for conductor wires |
US2996445A (en) * | 1958-01-17 | 1961-08-15 | Eisenberg Morris | Corrosion inhibiting anode structure |
US3037920A (en) * | 1958-05-26 | 1962-06-05 | Patrol Valve Co | Indicator system for sacrificial anodes |
US3133872A (en) * | 1959-03-10 | 1964-05-19 | Chemionics Engineering Lab Inc | Anode for electrochemical applications |
US4292149A (en) * | 1979-01-19 | 1981-09-29 | Imi Marston Limited | Current rope anodes |
US4486288A (en) * | 1982-03-11 | 1984-12-04 | Linder Bjoern H | Oxide anode for use in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection |
WO1983003849A1 (en) * | 1982-04-28 | 1983-11-10 | Gould Inc. | Method and means for generating electrical and magnetic fields in salt water environments |
DE3342803T1 (en) * | 1982-04-28 | 1984-05-03 | Gould Inc. (n.d.Ges.d. Staates Delaware), 60008 Rolling Meadows, Ill. | Method and device for generating electric and magnetic fields in salt water environments |
US5288388A (en) * | 1987-12-09 | 1994-02-22 | Societe Anonyme: Societe Lyonnaise D'electronique Appliquee | Homogeneous potentiometer sensor |
US20060035540A1 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2006-02-16 | Magnesium Elektron Limited | Composite sacrificial anodes |
US7374643B2 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2008-05-20 | Magnesium Elektron Limited | Composite sacrificial anodes |
US20080190919A1 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2008-08-14 | Bock Water Heaters, Inc. | Water Heater Anode and Mounting Fixture |
US7527714B2 (en) | 2007-02-12 | 2009-05-05 | Bock Water Heaters, Inc. | Water heater anode and mounting fixture |
US20110223799A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited | Contact |
US8328589B2 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2012-12-11 | Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited | Contact |
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