EP0125265B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum cracken und/oder destillieren von flüssigen medien - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum cracken und/oder destillieren von flüssigen medien Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0125265B1
EP0125265B1 EP83903517A EP83903517A EP0125265B1 EP 0125265 B1 EP0125265 B1 EP 0125265B1 EP 83903517 A EP83903517 A EP 83903517A EP 83903517 A EP83903517 A EP 83903517A EP 0125265 B1 EP0125265 B1 EP 0125265B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
medium
cracking
heating
heated
radiating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83903517A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0125265A1 (de
Inventor
Fritz Steixner
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RIVI ESTABLISHMENT
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RIVI ESTABLISHMENT
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RIVI ESTABLISHMENT filed Critical RIVI ESTABLISHMENT
Priority to AT83903517T priority Critical patent/ATE29900T1/de
Publication of EP0125265A1 publication Critical patent/EP0125265A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0125265B1 publication Critical patent/EP0125265B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0027—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel
    • F24H1/0045—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel with catalytic combustion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/24—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by heating with electrical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/124—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using fluid fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
    • C10G2300/1007—Used oils
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S159/00—Concentrating evaporators
    • Y10S159/06—Infrared

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for cracking and / or distilling liquid media, in particular those with components that tend to form deposits.
  • Liquids or liquid media are usually heated with the help of heating cartridges or heat exchangers. Problems arise here if the liquids contain constituents which tend to form deposits, since these deposits preferentially settle on the surfaces used for heat transfer. This leads to a deterioration in the heat transfer and can also lead to a reduction in the flow cross section or to blockage.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method and a device for heating liquids in which disruptive deposits, in particular firmly adhering incrustations, are avoided.
  • the liquid medium is heated to more than 200 degrees C. by means of radiation and essentially with the exclusion of heat transfer to the medium by conduction and / or convection. It has surprisingly been found that undesired deposits can be avoided with such heating, even if the heating of the medium leads to increased formation or precipitation of solids. Because the amount of energy required for heating is introduced into the medium to be heated in the form of so-called “cold” energy, specifically in the form of rays or waves of suitable wavelength, which are absorbed by the medium to be heated, a high heat difference can be between the medium and the partition walls through which energy is supplied can be avoided.
  • the most suitable form of energy are rays whose wavelengths are in the infrared range to the visible range, with short-wave infrared rays being particularly preferred.
  • the focus of the wavelength of this short-wave infrared radiation is advantageously between 1000 nm and 800 nm, which corresponds to a radiation temperature between approximately 1500 ° K and 2300 ° K.
  • radiator temperatures for example, 1000 ° K
  • there is considerable heat development in the radiator which heats the components of the radiator, at least in the region of the radiating element.
  • IR radiators can be used which are separated from the medium to be heated by a radiation-permeable insulation.
  • Partitions made of quartz glass are particularly suitable for this. Spaces between these partition walls can be filled with an insulating gas and / or at least partially evacuated. It is also possible to cool these spaces, e.g. B. by rolling a cooling gas. In this way it is achieved that the outer wall of the radiator coming into contact with the medium to be heated or a radiolucent partition is kept at a temperature which does not, or does not substantially, exceed the temperature of the medium to be heated, as a result of which the dreaded deposits can be avoided .
  • the rays penetrating into the medium to be heated are absorbed by it and thus decrease in intensity with the distance from the radiator. Since rapid heating of the medium is desired, as mentioned at temperatures above 200 ° C., several radiators are advantageously arranged in relation to one another or the medium to be heated is arranged or guided around the radiators in such a way that the radiance in Medium preferably corresponds at all points to at least the radiance at the half-value penetration depth of a radiator. In the case of the aforementioned IR rays in used oil, this is between 20 and 100 mm depending on the wavelength.
  • the medium to be heated is irradiated evenly, cold opaque zones are avoided. Furthermore, the medium can be moved, in particular mixed, during the heating.
  • the invention is suitable for heating media for a wide variety of purposes, such. B. for chemical reactions and the implementation of distillation processes.
  • the medium to be heated can be conducted in a circuit which is exposed to the radiation as a whole or only in part. Desired or undesired products can also be withdrawn from the circuit at suitable points. Heating time and heating temperature depend on the type of treatment of the liquid medium, the advantages at high temperatures, eg. B. above 300 ° C, especially above 400 ° C, show particularly.
  • an oily medium is heated, in particular waste oil is worked up to obtain fuel and fuel.
  • waste oil is worked up to obtain fuel and fuel.
  • the processing of waste oil is of particular economic and environmentally friendly importance.
  • the invention has made it possible to create handy and even mobile small systems for reprocessing used oil that are inexpensive and easy to maintain. Such small systems can be operated by companies and authorities with larger fleets, for example.
  • the processing temperature of the waste oil is expediently in the range from 350 to 700 ° C., in particular in the range from 400 to 500 ° C. Cracking of the waste oil is possible at these relatively low temperatures even without the special addition of catalysts, even if such, if desired, can be added.
  • the hydrocarbon chains of the oil are directly excited by the radiation, the wavelength of which is in the near and visible infrared range, the radiation favoring the cracking process due to its high energy, although the oil temperature, which can be between 400 and 450 ° C, for example, is relatively low is.
  • the invention further relates to a device for heating the liquid media, in particular a device for processing used oil.
  • This device has at least one container to which at least one, preferably a plurality of jet elements are assigned.
  • Particularly well-known IR emitters are suitable as radiation elements, which are provided with radiation-permeable insulation devices against the interior of the container to avoid thermal convection and conduction.
  • the beam elements preferably have a substantially linear, electrically heated radiator, for. B. a tungsten wire, which is arranged within at least two, substantially coaxial tubular insulators.
  • the emitters can be rod-shaped or curved, for. B. in the form of a spiral.
  • the emitters are preferably arranged within the container, an essentially self-supporting arrangement inside the container which allows the emitters to flow around the medium is particularly favorable.
  • An arrangement of parallel bars in a cracking tube, e.g. B. in a concentric ring arrangement or a hexagonal configuration enables a uniform coverage of the entire pipe cross section with a sufficient radiation density.
  • the diameter and wall thickness of the quartz glass cladding tubes surrounding the heat insulation can be adapted to the respective requirements, depending on whether heating of the tube closest to the medium to be heated by the temperature of the heater is avoided as far as possible or permitted within certain limits can. Such variations are possible because the radiation loss within the insulation pipes is low.
  • an additional insulating tube with a diameter of approximately 30 to 40 mm and a wall thickness is sufficient for an IR radiator which has a heated metal wire and which is arranged essentially centrally in a quartz tube with a diameter of 10 mm from approx. 1 to 2 mm. If the system is operated essentially at atmospheric pressure, which is preferred for the sake of simplicity, the radiation elements are not exposed to any particular mechanical loads.
  • the embodiment shown in the drawing is a small system for cracking old motor oil from motor vehicles.
  • the system has a cracking tube 1 which has an inside diameter of approximately 300 mm and a height of approximately 1300 mm.
  • the cracking tube 1 is arranged vertically and connected to a cover 2 at its upper end by means of a flange.
  • a cover plate 3 in the form of a perforated plate is provided between the cover hood 2 and the cracking tube 1, which sealingly separates the interior of the cracking tube 1 from the interior of the hood 2.
  • the perforated plate 3, as can be seen in Fig. 3, has seven holes, six holes in a hexagonal arrangement around the central center hole.
  • the distance of the hexagonally arranged holes from the center of the perforated plate corresponds to approximately half the inner radius of the cracking tube 1.
  • Sealed into the perforated plate 3 are quartz tubes 4 which protrude downward into the cracking tube 1 and end at a clear distance above the lower end of the cracking tube. At their lower end, the quartz tubes 4 used for insulation are closed or melted. The interior of the quartz tubes thus does not come into contact with the interior of the cracking tube 1 or the medium contained therein.
  • Infrared heating rods 5 are suspended or set in the quartz tubes 4. These IR heating rods consist of a quartz tube in which a helix made of tungsten wire is guided centrally and is held at a distance from the tube wall by means of spacers.
  • the tube is preferably designed as a U-shaped curved twin tube through which the filament wire is guided downwards and upwards again, so that two parallel heating wires are provided per heating element.
  • the output of the heating elements is designed in such a way that short-wave IR radiation is emitted during operation. In the present case, the heating elements have an output of approx. 2 kW at 220 volts.
  • the short-wave IR rays have a half-value penetration depth of approx. 60 mm in oil. Since the distance between two heating rods from the heating rod center to the heating rod center can be kept in the order of magnitude of twice the half-value penetration depth, it is approximately 100 mm in the present embodiment.
  • the insulation tubes 4 have an inner diameter of approximately 35 to 40 mm. Since the quartz tubes let the IR radiation and also the visible portion of the radiation pass unhindered, they are not heated by the radiation. As a result of the air space between the heating rods 5 and the insulation tubes 4, heating of the insulation tubes 4 by convection of the air therein is also low or negligible.
  • the space between the heating rods 5 and the insulation tube 4 can also be cooled by circulating cooling gas.
  • the heating wires in the IR heating rods 5 end below the height which is provided for the maximum or minimum oil level in the cracking tube 1. This ensures that the heating area of the heating elements 5 is always within the medium to be heated and overheating of the parts of the device located above it is avoided.
  • the hood 2 is also assigned a cooling device 33 in the form of a fan in order to be able to dissipate excess heat.
  • the cracking tube 1 itself is either designed as a double-walled container with a vacuum chamber 34 between the walls or is insulated in some other suitable way in order to avoid heat losses. Furthermore, the cracking tube 1 also has one or more measuring points 35 for monitoring the temperature of the liquid and vaporous medium.
  • a so-called preheater 5 in the form of a conventional heat exchanger or a container provided with heating rods.
  • the preheater 5 is flanged tightly to the lower end of the cracking tube 1.
  • a tube 6 From the upper end of the cracking tube, a tube 6 leads to a cyclone 7, which is fed with the steam escaping from the cracking tube and is used to separate entrained liquid and solid components.
  • Another tube 8 leads from the cyclone to a fractionation device, not shown, in which the product obtained can be separated into gaseous constituents as well as gasoline and diesel or heating oil.
  • the lower end of the cyclone 7 is connected to a mixing container 9 which serves as a storage container for the waste oil introduced through a feed pipe 10 and at the same time enables the material returned through the cyclone to be mixed with the waste oil feed.
  • the lower end 11 of the mixing container 9 is funnel-shaped and has a closable drain 12 for accumulated sludge.
  • a connecting tube 13 leads from the mixing container 9 to the preheater 5, so that a closed circuit is present between the cracking tube 1 and the mixing container 9.
  • both the cracking tube 1 and the mixing container 9 are charged with liquid oil up to their upper end, whereas the tube 6 above and the cyclone 7 are essentially charged with vaporous hydrocarbons.
  • a level sensor 14 arranged on the mixing tank 9 regulates the height of the liquid level in the mixing tank 9 and cracking tube 1 by regulating the used oil flowing in.
  • the system is operated continuously, with approximately one part by volume of recycled material being mixed with two parts of newly supplied used oil in the mixing container 9.
  • the mixture is brought to about 150 ° C. by the elevated temperature of the recycled material.
  • the flow rate of the mixture in the mixing container 9 is relatively slow due to its large cross section, so that solids can settle at the funnel-shaped end.
  • the mixture which is essentially free of coarse solids, passes through the connecting pipe 13 into the preheater 5, in which it is heated to approximately 200 ° C. and is introduced into the cracking pipe 1 from below at this temperature. There, the heating elements 5 are used to heat up to approx. 440 ° C. Low-lying components can be withdrawn directly from the preheater 5 (not shown) in order to bypass the cracking tube.
  • the flow diagram shown in FIG. 2 shows the further treatment of the cracked oil following the cyclone 7.
  • the product freed from liquid and any entrained solid components in the cyclone 7 passes via line 8 into a fraction column 16, above which it is designed as a funnel-shaped cutter lower end 17.
  • Three fractions are collected in fraction column 16, namely a gaseous product in the top line 18, a gasoline-like product in the line 19 below and a diesel-like product in the line 20.
  • These three products are separated from one another in a cooler 21 cooled, which is connected to a cooling unit 22.
  • the products then pass through water separators 23, 24 and 25 assigned to them.
  • the gaseous product is then used or flared immediately for heating purposes, as indicated at 26.
  • Gasoline and diesel oil are kept in separate collection containers 27 and 28 and can be passed through pumps 29 and 30 through mechanical filters 31 and carbon filters 32 before use.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
EP83903517A 1982-11-16 1983-11-12 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum cracken und/oder destillieren von flüssigen medien Expired EP0125265B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83903517T ATE29900T1 (de) 1982-11-16 1983-11-12 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum cracken und/oder destillieren von fluessigen medien.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823242298 DE3242298A1 (de) 1982-11-16 1982-11-16 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erhitzen von fluessigen medien
DE3242298 1982-11-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0125265A1 EP0125265A1 (de) 1984-11-21
EP0125265B1 true EP0125265B1 (de) 1987-09-23

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ID=6178230

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83903517A Expired EP0125265B1 (de) 1982-11-16 1983-11-12 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum cracken und/oder destillieren von flüssigen medien

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4800252A (ja)
EP (1) EP0125265B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS60500269A (ja)
AU (1) AU569716B2 (ja)
DE (2) DE3242298A1 (ja)
DK (1) DK327784D0 (ja)
FI (1) FI77527C (ja)
NO (1) NO842888L (ja)
WO (1) WO1984001994A1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US4875407A (en) * 1986-08-27 1989-10-24 Jitsuo Inagaki Sterilizing method for treatment of fresh fruits and apparatus used for the method
DE3800143C1 (ja) * 1988-01-06 1989-02-16 Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De
US5332139A (en) * 1990-06-08 1994-07-26 Bgk Finishing Systems, Inc. Fluidized bed apparatus and method using same
AU648091B2 (en) * 1990-06-08 1994-04-14 Bgk Finishing Systems, Inc. Fluidized bed with submerged infrared lamps
US5340089A (en) * 1990-06-08 1994-08-23 Bgk Finishing Systems, Inc. Coolant controlled IR heat treat apparatus
US5551670A (en) * 1990-10-16 1996-09-03 Bgk Finishing Systems, Inc. High intensity infrared heat treating apparatus
US5189813A (en) * 1991-02-22 1993-03-02 Samuel Strapping Systems Ltd. Fluidized bed and method of processing material
US5371830A (en) * 1993-08-12 1994-12-06 Neo International Industries High-efficiency infrared electric liquid-heater
US20150219361A1 (en) * 2012-08-16 2015-08-06 Top Electric Appliances Industrial Ltd Device for heating and/or vaporizing a fluid such as water
EP4179044B1 (en) * 2020-07-09 2024-05-15 BASF Antwerpen N.V. Method for steam cracking

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FR549817A (fr) * 1921-08-02 1923-02-20 Procédé de décomposition des hydrocarbures
FR790787A (fr) * 1935-05-31 1935-11-27 Neon Res Corp Procédé de traitement d'hydrocarbures

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FR790787A (fr) * 1935-05-31 1935-11-27 Neon Res Corp Procédé de traitement d'hydrocarbures

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI77527B (fi) 1988-11-30
DE3242298A1 (de) 1984-05-17
FI77527C (fi) 1989-03-10
WO1984001994A1 (en) 1984-05-24
DK327784A (da) 1984-07-04
JPS60500269A (ja) 1985-02-28
EP0125265A1 (de) 1984-11-21
AU569716B2 (en) 1988-02-18
DE3373826D1 (en) 1987-10-29
FI842841A (fi) 1984-07-13
FI842841A0 (fi) 1984-07-13
DK327784D0 (da) 1984-07-04
AU2267783A (en) 1984-06-04
NO842888L (no) 1984-07-13
US4800252A (en) 1989-01-24

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