EP0112271A1 - Embarcation articulée - Google Patents

Embarcation articulée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0112271A1
EP0112271A1 EP83710079A EP83710079A EP0112271A1 EP 0112271 A1 EP0112271 A1 EP 0112271A1 EP 83710079 A EP83710079 A EP 83710079A EP 83710079 A EP83710079 A EP 83710079A EP 0112271 A1 EP0112271 A1 EP 0112271A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
articulated
vehicle according
links
frame parts
vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83710079A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0112271B1 (fr
Inventor
Rainer Chemie-Ing. Lehmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
A P E C Freizeitanlagen GmbH
Original Assignee
A P E C Freizeitanlagen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19823242401 external-priority patent/DE3242401A1/de
Priority claimed from DE3336563A external-priority patent/DE3336563A1/de
Application filed by A P E C Freizeitanlagen GmbH filed Critical A P E C Freizeitanlagen GmbH
Priority to AT83710079T priority Critical patent/ATE44696T1/de
Publication of EP0112271A1 publication Critical patent/EP0112271A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0112271B1 publication Critical patent/EP0112271B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B7/00—Collapsible, foldable, inflatable or like vessels
    • B63B7/06—Collapsible, foldable, inflatable or like vessels having parts of non-rigid material
    • B63B7/08—Inflatable
    • B63B7/082—Inflatable having parts of rigid material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a articulated vehicle which is primarily designed as a floatable articulated vehicle, that is to say as a articulated boat.
  • the hull In known boats, the hull is designed as a substantially rigid body, which follows the movements caused by the movements of the water as a whole, without significantly deforming in cases where the carrying water has a very uneven surface and / or has a steep gradient and / or has a very limited extent perpendicular to the direction of travel, a boat with a rigid hull proves to be very bulky and difficult to maneuver, and the hull is partially exposed to strong mechanical stresses, for example because large parts of the boat sometimes come out of the water stick out.
  • An example in which such water conditions are present are white water rivers or streams, as well as corresponding artificial white water rides in amusement parks.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a buoyant or non-buoyant vehicle that is well on strongly uneven water or strongly uneven solid track and very well the water flow, especially in relatively narrow white water channels, or the management of a water-bearing or dry channel follows.
  • FIG. 1a and 1b show the principle of the invention.
  • the figures show an open (deck-free) half-shell-shaped boat, namely Fig. 1a in side view and Fig. 1b in plan view from above.
  • the boat consists of three links 1, 2, 3 arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction, a bow link 1, a middle link 2 and a rear link 3.
  • the adjoining links are connected to one another in a watertight manner via connecting strips 7 and 8.
  • the connecting strips run perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the boat around the entire side wall. These connecting strips are made of elastic and / or very flexible material.
  • the links can bend against each other, both about horizontal axes perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the boat and vertical axes perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the boat. These articulation axes run through the connection points.
  • the links can also be displaced parallel to one another perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the boat. If the boat is equipped with a closed deck, the connecting strip must continue over the deck.
  • the number of links assembled in this way is fundamentally arbitrary.
  • the watertight connection between the connecting strips and the links can be made in a variety of ways, e.g. by gluing, welding or screwable pressure strips with the interposition of sealing strips.
  • FIGS. 1a and 1b show in a representation corresponding to FIGS. 1a and 1b the basic structure of a articulated boat according to the invention, in which the entire hull consists of a circumferential frame which is open in the vertical direction.
  • the frame parts attributable to the individual links 1 to 4 are designed as floating bodies, the cross-section of which can have a permanent shape, for example circular or rectangular.
  • the front link 1 and the rear link 1 each consist of one only frame part 11a or 11d bent by 180. Instead of this single frame part, these links 1 and 4 can of course be made up of different rigidly connected frame parts. It is also not necessary for all frame parts to be designed as floating bodies.
  • articulated links Such an articulated member can consist, for example, of two flanges 13 and 14 rigidly connected to the frame parts, through which a common pivot pin 15 extends. These articulated links allow the adjacent links to be rotated about a horizontal axis which coincides with the longitudinal axes of the two opposite pivot pins 15. If it is also desired to allow a certain mutual kinking in a horizontal plane, that is to say about a vertical axis 16, the swivel joints 13, 14, 15 can be designed as ball joints, for example.
  • the frame parts belonging to a link can be connected to one another by transverse connectors 18, 19, 20 running perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the boat.
  • These cross connectors can consist of a simple rod, such as the cross connectors designated 18, or they can also be designed as floating bodies, such as the cross connectors labeled 19.
  • the cross connectors clearly define the width of the boat.
  • the cross connectors are located at the ends in the longitudinal direction of the links if possible so that the individual links form a partial frame with the largest possible opening area 23.
  • a common cross connector can also be used, for example in the form of a continuous axis of rotation which is formed by one articulated link to the opposite ranges. So you can look at the two pivots 15 in Fig. 2b imagine a single axis of rotation running across the entire width of the boat, which precisely defines the width dimension of the boat even with frame parts that are not completely rigid.
  • This cross connector common to two members can also be designed as a floating body, as is shown on the cross connector 20 in FIG. 2. The pivot pins 21 for the articulated links are fastened to the cross connector 20.
  • the subframes of the individual links thus represent essentially rigid bodies in FIGS. 2a and 2b, which can be bent in relation to one another.
  • Rigid, downwardly closed baskets from which the payload of the boat is received, can preferably be inserted into the passage surfaces 23 of these subframes.
  • These can be baskets for people.
  • the baskets are then preferably provided with benches, as is explained in more detail in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 3-5.
  • the depth of these baskets can be such that they are immersed in the water and contribute to the overall buoyancy of the boat.
  • the baskets are supported on the frame parts 11 and / or. the cross connectors. If there are no cross connectors between the frame parts 11a-11f, the baskets used can also be attached to the frame parts in such a way that the width of the boat is precisely determined by the baskets.
  • the articulated links can also be designed as elastically deformable intermediate pieces between the relatively rigid frame parts 11. It can be, for example, foams provided with closed pores, which are accommodated in flexible, waterproof casings.
  • the articulated members can also consist of inflatable chambers, the pressure of the gas enclosed in these chambers, normally air, being dimensioned such that these chambers are substantially softer and easier to deform are than the essentially rigid frame parts. These chambers then form so-called air hinges.
  • the boat hull shown in plan view in FIG. 4 consists of three members 1, 2, 3.
  • the frame parts 31a to 31d are designed as inflatable tubes, the two end frame parts 31a and 31c bent by 180 being appropriately divided into individual sections by bulkhead walls 32.
  • the articulated members 33a to 33d are also designed as inflatable chambers, and the same applies to the cross connectors 34 and 35.
  • the inflatable chambers forming the articulated members are provided with connecting pieces 36a to 36d for the cross connectors.
  • the entire space delimited by the bulkhead walls 32a, 32b, 32c represents a single chamber.
  • the entire system of frame parts, cross connectors and buckling chambers is vulcanized together to form a single structure.
  • Baskets 41-43 can be inserted into the partial frame opening formed by each link, which are shown in FIG. 3 and can be seen particularly well in the cross section according to FIG. 5.
  • the baskets are located on four sides on the longitudinal and transverse tubes and are means Tauwerktro s pp fastened to the Holmtroppbe algorithmsn.
  • the bottom 53 of the baskets lies somewhat higher than the lower boundary 54 of the hoses in order to avoid the baskets from touching the ground. On the other hand, however, they also dive into water 55 and thus contribute to the buoyancy of the boat.
  • a grating 45 is arranged slightly above the bottom of the baskets, under which splash and rain water collects. Benches 44 are installed or can be used in the baskets.
  • Protective and rubbing strips 46 are arranged on the outer sides and on the underside of the longitudinal hoses.
  • the baskets are provided with a bulwark 47 that protects the ends of the two end baskets from splashing water is pulled up and which expediently do not protrude in the horizontal direction over the hose in order to avoid hitting the bank walls when using the boat in white water channels.
  • the air chambers 33a to 33d which form the articulated members (air joints), are only inflated with a relatively low pressure, they are very soft and easily deformable.
  • the remaining hose parts act as practically rigid bodies, so that the limbs of the boat can bend against one another via the articulated chambers about axes which run essentially transversely through the articulated chambers.
  • the joint chambers can easily bend against each other about vertical axes. To a certain extent, they can also be displaced parallel to one another perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the boat.
  • the walls of the boat belonging to the articulated chambers are preferably made of a more flexible and crushable material than the other frame parts and cross connectors, which are also constructed as hose parts.
  • the boat shown in Figures 3 and 4 has a length of about 5 to 6 m and is designed for 6 people. It is understood that by adding additional links, the boat can be built significantly longer and for significantly more people.
  • the surfaces 51 of the baskets which are immersed in water and which extend in the longitudinal direction of the Boat run ensure that the boat is pushed to the point of water flow (usually the middle of the channel), in which the highest flow rate prevails.
  • the surfaces 52 of the baskets which are immersed in the water and run perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the boat ensure that the longitudinal axis of the boat is in the direction of flow. This prevents the boat from crossing. This promotes a fast operation on commercial wild water rides.
  • the boat consists of two long, flexible (elastically deformable) floating bodies 61 which are arranged essentially in parallel and which are preferably designed as air hoses. These hoses are embedded in corresponding receiving openings of a rigid front part 62 and a rigid rear part 63 and are firmly connected to these parts. Rigid baskets can be inserted one behind the other in the space between the bow part 62 and the rear part 63, which are placed on the floating bodies 61 and detachably attached to them. The attachment can take place, for example, with expanders 65, which comprise the floating body 61.
  • the individual members of the boat are formed by the baskets with the associated parts of the float 61.
  • the bow section 62 and the rear section 63 each represent a link. Thanks to the flexibility of the floating bodies, the links can bend towards each other and / or shift parallel to one another.
  • the degree of bendability and mutual displaceability can be determined by the degree of flexibility of the float on the one hand and the distance d between two adjacent baskets or basket and bow or stern part 62, 63 on the other hand.
  • the baskets are again arranged Wegbän k e 67, as indicated in one of the baskets in FIG. 6 and can be seen better in the enlarged cross-sectional view according to FIG. 8.
  • the basket shown in FIG. 8 is formed on the sides in such a way that it encompasses the floating bodies 61 from three sides with a tolerance that is appropriate for mounting.
  • An elastic rope 65 (expander) is then stretched over the side open at the bottom.
  • the baskets 64 as well as the front part 62 and the rear part 63 are provided with protection and rubbing strips 66 both laterally and downwards.
  • the boat according to FIGS. 6 to 8 is particularly suitable for so-called shooting trips in artificial waterways. It is guided in a channel in which the boat is supported with the protective and rubbing strips shown.
  • Floatable articulated vehicles that is articulated boats, have been described above. It often happens with artificial whitewater courses, especially with shooting courses, that the leading channel does not constantly carry enough water to keep the vehicle in a floating state. Finally, closed rail systems are also conceivable that carry no water at all or only a small amount of water, which is used practically only for lubrication.
  • all or part of the articulations of the vehicle are provided on their underside with sliding surfaces with which the vehicle can be placed on a solid base, in which it is usually the bottom of a fairway or train leading the vehicle.
  • the "underside” of the links denotes the areas of the links with which the link is supported when it is placed on the web. With a perpendicular to the longitudinal towards the arched path, in which the path has arched side walls, these areas also include sloping areas of the links. Since the rigid sliding surfaces are individually provided for each link, the links can be bent and moved relative to one another.
  • the sliding surfaces can be designed in such a way that the underside of the baskets projecting downward is covered over a large area with lubricious material. Another possibility is to attach runners to these baskets or the frame parts, which in turn are covered with slidable material or consist massively of such material.
  • sliding surfaces can also be provided on the outer sides of the links, with which the vehicle is supported against a side wall of the leading channel when striking or resting.
  • the frame parts and / or the cross connectors can also be designed as floating bodies, so that the vehicle is also buoyant.
  • This amphibious embodiment has the advantage that the vehicle can be caught in a pool of water at the lower end of the track.
  • the frame parts and / or cross connectors from non-buoyant material, for example from simple spars or profiles carriers. Also, if immersion in water is not provided, the baskets need not be closed at the bottom.
  • the material of the sliding surfaces must be such that it has the lowest possible coefficient of friction on the material of the leading track. Special plastics are particularly suitable for this, e.g. Hostalen under the trade name "GUR".
  • the leading path forming the base can e.g. made of steel or plastic.
  • FIGS. 9 to 11 show, in the same representation as FIGS. 3 to 5, a floatable articulated vehicle which differs from that of FIGS. 3 to 5 in that it is also on a solid base can be put on and is able to slide well on it.
  • the individual links 1-3 of the vehicle are provided with sliding surfaces, specifically with runners 73, 74 which run in the longitudinal direction of the links and which are attached to the flat underside of the baskets 41 to 43.
  • the surfaces of the runners touching the bottom of the channel 80 are covered with a highly slidable material 75, which is chosen so that the coefficient of friction with the material of the channel 80 is very small.
  • runners 76 with a slidable covering 75 are also attached to the frame parts, as is indicated in FIG. 11 for the frame part 31b. Since the articulated vehicle can also strike the side walls 80a, 80b of the gutter when it is traveling through the gutter, in particular in curves, the limbs can also be provided with sliding surfaces on the sides. This sliding surface can be attached directly to the frame part, as is shown for the frame part 31b in FIG. 11, where a runner 77 with slidable material 75 is arranged laterally on the frame part. These runners 77 with sliding surfaces are also shown for all six frame parts in FIG. 10.
  • FIGS. 12 to 14 show a similar articulated vehicle to that of FIGS. 6 to 8, the same reference numerals being used again for corresponding parts.
  • the representation of FIGS. 12 to 14 also corresponds to that of FIGS. 6 to 8.
  • the bottom surfaces of the baskets 41 to 43a are covered with a highly slidable material 75.
  • the parts of the baskets or the individual links which protrude the most to the side can be covered with highly slidable material 75, as can be seen in FIGS. 13 and 14.
  • the two non-rigid frame parts 61 can also consist, for example, of non-floatable solid rubber rods instead of as floating bodies.
  • runners can be provided on the baskets, which in turn are provided with sliding material are occupied, as shown in FIGS. 9 to 11.
  • directly slidable material can be applied to the surfaces of the baskets instead of the runners.
  • the basket must be extended so far down that its lower interface is lower than that of the frame parts.
  • the runners or the immediately applied lubricious material can extend over the full length of the limbs in the direction of travel or over part of this length. Always make sure that there are optimal relationships between. the total friction on the one hand and the contact pressure on the leading channel on the other.
  • the slidable surfaces touching the bottom or the side walls of the trough are drawn obliquely upwards at their front edge in the direction of travel, as is the case, for example, with a in FIG. 9 . or is indicated at b in Fig. 12.
  • FIG 15 shows in the same representation as Figure 14, an embodiment according to the invention with a different design of the sliding surfaces.
  • the sliding surface 101 here consists of a band running perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, which extends over the entire outer circumference (with the exception of the opening upwards) of the link.
  • the band is guided on an arch which is adapted to the arch 103 of the leading channel 80.
  • the band can either be designed as a self-supporting body, or it must be provided with a support structure in the area of the transition zone 102.
  • the tape is made of highly slidable material or is covered with such material 75 on the outside.
  • the band can also be such that it extends only over the transition zones 1 0 2. In the longitudinal direction of the limb The band can extend over the entire length of the link or consist of several bands arranged at a distance from one another.
  • the lubricious material can be applied to the surfaces supporting it in any way.
  • screws, gluing or welding are possible.
  • the slidable surfaces can be provided with scales or grooves which, on the one hand, can have the purpose of preventing the vehicles from sliding backwards and / or, on the other hand, can be such that, in the presence of a water film in the leading channel, this water is more easily between the sliding surface and the channel floor can build up a sliding film.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
EP83710079A 1982-11-16 1983-11-11 Embarcation articulée Expired EP0112271B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83710079T ATE44696T1 (de) 1982-11-16 1983-11-11 Gliederfahrzeug.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823242401 DE3242401A1 (de) 1982-11-16 1982-11-16 Gliederboot
DE3242401 1982-11-16
DE3336563 1983-10-07
DE3336563A DE3336563A1 (de) 1983-10-07 1983-10-07 Gliederfahrzeug

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0112271A1 true EP0112271A1 (fr) 1984-06-27
EP0112271B1 EP0112271B1 (fr) 1989-07-19

Family

ID=25805840

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83710079A Expired EP0112271B1 (fr) 1982-11-16 1983-11-11 Embarcation articulée

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4583479A (fr)
EP (1) EP0112271B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1219496A (fr)
DE (1) DE3380210D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2652057A1 (fr) * 1989-09-19 1991-03-22 Verdegen Roger Radeau pour la descente de riviere, compose d'un ou de plusieurs elements modulaires articules entre eux, chaque element est forme par au moins deux volumes gonflables assembles par des traverses et des sangles.

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8601401D0 (en) * 1986-01-21 1986-02-26 Task Force Boats Ltd Rigid inflatable boat
DE4108122C2 (de) * 1991-03-13 1995-12-07 Blohm Voss Ag Schiffstypenreihe bestehend aus Schiffen unterschiedlicher Gesamtlänge
US6053790A (en) * 1998-03-31 2000-04-25 Langford; Frederick Train coupleable flotation tube for waterslides
US20040069203A1 (en) * 2002-10-11 2004-04-15 Timothy Fleming Foam and inflatable collar assemblies for watercraft
WO2004096375A1 (fr) * 2003-05-02 2004-11-11 Claire-Lise Boujon Structure(s) gonflable(s)
WO2004067104A1 (fr) * 2003-01-26 2004-08-12 Claire-Lise Boujon Structure(s) gonflable(s)
WO2004067880A2 (fr) * 2003-01-26 2004-08-12 Claire-Lise Boujon Structure(s) gonflable(s)
US8375864B1 (en) 2011-07-29 2013-02-19 Disney Enterprises, Inc. Floating omnimover ride
US20130270783A1 (en) * 2012-04-13 2013-10-17 Kaj Gyr Steerable foam slider
CN106672169A (zh) * 2016-07-21 2017-05-17 唐良 新型气垫渔船、游船

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE730608C (de) * 1940-02-09 1943-01-14 Wilhelm Teubert Dr Ing Wasserfahrzeug zum Befoerdern von Massengut, insbesondere Fluessigkeiten
FR1254259A (fr) * 1960-04-14 1961-02-17 Radeau
FR89207E (fr) * 1963-07-12 1967-05-26 Surfaces planes sous les flotteurs gonflables des bateaux pneumatiques
GB1096359A (en) * 1964-04-01 1967-12-29 Missouri Res Inc Improvements in or relating to articulated ships
US3628206A (en) * 1967-11-21 1971-12-21 John L Mecham Combination coaster and raft
FR96260E (fr) * 1968-02-26 1972-06-16 Aerts Andre Victor Engin pneumatique pouvant glisser et flotter.
FR96595E (fr) * 1968-12-31 1973-01-29 Hennebutte George Bertrand Leo Chambre a air transformable en canot pneumatique.
CA1110501A (fr) * 1979-06-26 1981-10-13 Lloyd Reeves Vehicule-jouet gonflable convertible

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1555589A (en) * 1925-02-25 1925-09-29 Farina Thomas La Floating chair
GB272791A (en) * 1927-01-04 1927-06-23 Airships Inc Improvements in and relating to the construction of collapsible boats
US1869186A (en) * 1931-07-20 1932-07-26 Abraham E Davidson Float
FR853559A (fr) * 1939-04-27 1940-03-22 Petite embarcation transformable
US2219585A (en) * 1940-06-27 1940-10-29 Peter H Begin Dumping vehicle
US2334072A (en) * 1940-08-31 1943-11-09 Wingfoot Corp Collapsible boat
US3120963A (en) * 1962-05-04 1964-02-11 Colorite Plastics Inc Shield member for sled-like vehicles
US3372944A (en) * 1966-05-31 1968-03-12 Norman R. Lauritzen Snow sled
US3408086A (en) * 1966-06-20 1968-10-29 Skisearch Three-dimensional surface for skis and the like
US3958289A (en) * 1974-08-05 1976-05-25 Carlson Arthur A Canoe storage compartment
US4160299A (en) * 1977-11-16 1979-07-10 Melcher Manufacturing Co., Inc. Unitary seat for inner tube float

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE730608C (de) * 1940-02-09 1943-01-14 Wilhelm Teubert Dr Ing Wasserfahrzeug zum Befoerdern von Massengut, insbesondere Fluessigkeiten
FR1254259A (fr) * 1960-04-14 1961-02-17 Radeau
FR89207E (fr) * 1963-07-12 1967-05-26 Surfaces planes sous les flotteurs gonflables des bateaux pneumatiques
GB1096359A (en) * 1964-04-01 1967-12-29 Missouri Res Inc Improvements in or relating to articulated ships
US3628206A (en) * 1967-11-21 1971-12-21 John L Mecham Combination coaster and raft
FR96260E (fr) * 1968-02-26 1972-06-16 Aerts Andre Victor Engin pneumatique pouvant glisser et flotter.
FR96595E (fr) * 1968-12-31 1973-01-29 Hennebutte George Bertrand Leo Chambre a air transformable en canot pneumatique.
CA1110501A (fr) * 1979-06-26 1981-10-13 Lloyd Reeves Vehicule-jouet gonflable convertible

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2652057A1 (fr) * 1989-09-19 1991-03-22 Verdegen Roger Radeau pour la descente de riviere, compose d'un ou de plusieurs elements modulaires articules entre eux, chaque element est forme par au moins deux volumes gonflables assembles par des traverses et des sangles.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1219496A (fr) 1987-03-24
EP0112271B1 (fr) 1989-07-19
US4583479A (en) 1986-04-22
DE3380210D1 (en) 1989-08-24

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