EP0108093A1 - Verfahren zum herstellen von bespannungssaiten für ballschläger, insbesondere für tennisschläger. - Google Patents
Verfahren zum herstellen von bespannungssaiten für ballschläger, insbesondere für tennisschläger.Info
- Publication number
- EP0108093A1 EP0108093A1 EP83901362A EP83901362A EP0108093A1 EP 0108093 A1 EP0108093 A1 EP 0108093A1 EP 83901362 A EP83901362 A EP 83901362A EP 83901362 A EP83901362 A EP 83901362A EP 0108093 A1 EP0108093 A1 EP 0108093A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plastic film
- winding
- string
- film tapes
- welding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005629 polypropylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 polypropylenes Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B51/00—Stringing tennis, badminton or like rackets; Strings therefor; Maintenance of racket strings
- A63B51/02—Strings; String substitutes; Products applied on strings, e.g. for protection against humidity or wear
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2936—Wound or wrapped core or coating [i.e., spiral or helical]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a string for ball rackets, in particular for tennis rackets, in which several winding layers of helically wound plastic film strips are applied to one another on a continuously supplied core one above the other along at least approximately concentric cylindrical surfaces, and the winding layers are connected to one another and to the core .
- the invention further relates to a string made according to the inventive method.
- a method of the type mentioned above is known from US Pat. No. 3,024,589.
- a continuously fed nylon thread is impregnated as the core with a liquid binder, then helically wound in two superposed layers with opposite winding directions and the excess binder is stripped off.
- the wet strand thus formed then passes through heated tubes, is dried and finally pulled off and wound up as a finished string.
- further pairs of winding layers can be applied to your wet strand, but the strand before each time a pair of wrapping layers is applied, it must be impregnated again with the liquid binder.
- extruded tapes can also be used as the winding material.
- the string known from the above-mentioned US Pat. No. 3,024,589 is said to have properties which approximate the intestinal strings used for strings for ball rackets.
- the production of such intestinal strings is based on sheep or cattle intestines, which are cut into ribbons and subjected to treatment by chemical processes. Several of these tapes are then twisted together to produce the string.
- These gut strings now have the property that the dependence of the stretch on the applied tensile force is largely linear, i.e. the elastic modulus of the string material is largely constant and therefore also independent of the pretension with which the string was applied to the racket.
- the curve A for a commercially available gut string shows the dependence of the spring constant EA (in kN) defined by the product of the elastic modulus E and the string cross-sectional area A as a function of the string tension F v (in N).
- EA the spring constant defined by the product of the elastic modulus E and the string cross-sectional area A as a function of the string tension F v (in N).
- a disadvantage of casing string covering is, on the one hand, the quality differences that cannot be avoided in their manufacture, which are due to the fluctuations in the quality of the casing material used on the other hand in their high moisture absorption, which, due to the resulting length change, for example in high humidity, adversely affects the availability of rackets with a string of string strings.
- gut string production is relatively expensive.
- Plastic strings which mostly consist of a plastic monofilament, now have spring constant characteristics of a type such as that used e.g. given by curve B in Fig. 1:
- the spring constant E.A. is in the range of the string tension of 200 to 300 N larger than that of comparable gut strings and also increases substantially linearly with increasing tension with a relatively large pitch. The result of this is that the deformations of the covering when the ball strikes the racket are less than with comparable gut stringing and the force peaks to be absorbed by the racket for braking a certain kinetic energy of the ball are correspondingly higher than with gut stringing.
- a commercially available string made of polyamide (nylon) of the type described in the above-mentioned US Pat. No. 3,024,589 has one against a polyamide monofilament string string does not have an improved spring constant characteristic and, at least in this aspect, does not come close to the properties of gut strings.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a method for producing string strings for ball rackets, in particular for tennis rackets, in which a plurality of winding layers of helically wound plastic film strips are applied to one another on a continuously supplied core one above the other along at least approximately concentric cylindrical surfaces and the winding layers are connected to one another is less complex than the known method mentioned in the prior art and leads to string strings which have a similar flat spring tension characteristic to gut strings and which, however, do not suffer from the disadvantages inherent in the gut strings.
- the object on which the invention is based is achieved in the method according to the invention, which is characterized in that those made of monoaxially stretched plastics are used as plastic film tapes and that after the core is wound with the winding layers, the winding assembly thus produced is passed through a welding zone while under tension , in which the plastic film tapes form a welded connection with one another at elevated temperature.
- the temperature in the welding zone is advantageously set so high that a weld connection already occurs between the plastic film tapes by this temperature treatment but the tensile strength used in wrapping layers ten monoaxially stretched plastic film tapes is not yet significantly reduced, and advantageously with the result that, in the case of the string at least essentially of a uniform plastic film tapes.
- the temperature in the welding zone is adjusted so that the reduction in the tear strength of the plastic film tapes during the welding process leads to a tensile strength of the finished string which is not more than 20%, advantageously but not more than 15% below the tensile strength value of the used Plastic film tape lies.
- the monoaxially stretched plastic film tapes used are those of high molecular weight olefins, which preferably contain polypropylene homopolymers or polypropylene-polyethylene copolymers.
- those made of polypropylene-polyethylene-diene terpolymers are used as monoaxially stretched plastic film tapes.
- the material of the plastic film strips used contains a nucleating agent, which can preferably be one based on an organometallic complex compound.
- nucleating agents increase the number of crystallites in the ribbon material, which, as the applicant has found, reduces the tendency of the monoaxially stretched ribbon tapes used to creep.
- it in order to prepare for the welding of the winding assembly, it is preheated during its manufacture in one or more preheating devices which are each switched between two successive winding operations, advantageously at least in part of the preheating devices on the surface of the partial winding assembly produced up to that point is smoothed.
- the invention further relates to the strings produced by the method according to the invention, which have similar favorable properties as gut strings.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a preferred system for producing the string.
- the system comprises six consecutively arranged, essentially identical winding devices 1 to 6, of which only the winding devices 1, 2 and 6 are shown in FIG. 2, a heated tubular welding device 7, and five preheating nozzles 8 to, each arranged between two successive winding devices 12.
- the still warm finished string 13 passes through a calibration device 14 consisting of two grooved rollers, is pulled off by a pull-off device 15 in the direction of arrow 16 and is finally wound up at 17.
- each of the winding devices comprises a rotary star 18 with up to four pivoted and with trigger brakes 19 and with adjustable guide eyes 20 provided coils 21 for the plastic film strips 22.
- Each rotary star 18 is equipped with a separate drive with a continuously adjustable speed.
- Fig. 4 shows schematically the winding course of one film strip of the winding layers, which occupy the two outermost layers 23 and 24 of the string. It is explained in more detail with reference to the following description of the embodiment of the invention.
- the string is formed as follows: in the first winding device 1, to which no pre-strand is fed, one of the wound film tapes 22 receives a twisted structure, to which the remaining two tapes are applied as more or less uniform winding layers.
- the partial winding assembly 25 thus produced then passes through the first preheating nozzle 8, in which it is warmed up to a temperature at which no welding of the foil tapes occurs, but at which the ribbon material becomes more elastic, as a result of which the surface smoothing of the part taking place in preheating nozzle 8 occurs -Wrapping composite 25 is facilitated.
- the pre-strand 26 emerging from the first preheating nozzle now serves as the core for the winding layers applied in the subsequent winding devices 2 to 6 along concentric cylindrical surfaces made of overlapping and helically wound foil tapes 22.
- Fig. 4 shows the winding course of a foil tape 27 and 28 of winding layers, which occupy the two outermost layers 23 and 24 of the string.
- the pitch of the windings is determined by the take-off speed measured in front of the welding device 7, the speed of the rotary star 18 and the diameter of the respective strand. It increases from winding layer to winding layer from about 45 to 65.
- the angle .alpha. (FIG. 3), with which the film strip 22 runs towards the winding point 29, is in each case set to a constant value; the location of the winding point 29 is determined by adjusting the position of the guide eyelet 20 accordingly.
- the ribbon 22 Since, due to the action of the trigger brakes 19, the ribbon 22 is under tension during winding and because of the helical winding structure, there is a not inconsiderable contact pressure between the wound ribbon 22 and the pre-strand 25 serving as the winding substrate, which in the pre-connected preheating nozzle to a temperature below the Brought welding temperature and smoothed the surface.
- These pre-strands each form compact winding structures which do not contain any significant air pockets.
- the winding assembly 30 running from the last winding device 6 now passes through the welding device 7, in which a temperature in the range between 220 ° C and 260 ° C prevails.
- the preheated winding assembly 30 is brought to a temperature at which the film strips lying flat against one another and - as explained further above - are pressed together within this assembly Chen 22 weld well together, but their anisotropy due to the cold deformation in the film material is not significantly disturbed, which means that the tensile strength of the film strips used is not significantly reduced by this temperature treatment. That affects the present
- the still warm string 13 running from the welding device 7 then passes through the calibration device 14, in which it is calibrated to a diameter of 1.20 mm in the present production example, after which it is pulled off the take-off device 15 in a largely cooled state and wound up at 17 becomes.
- the finished string 13 has a spring constant characteristic according to curve C shown in FIG. 1. As you can see, here is the area of string pretension that is mainly considered in practice
- Example D 1 In production examples C 2 , C 3 , D 1 and D 2 , the same polypropylene-polyethylene diene terpolymer is used as the film base material as in production example C 1 described above, with a different degree of stretching of the film strips used: 1: 6, 5 (for C 1 , C 2 and C 3 ) and 1: 8 (for D 1 and D 2 ). Furthermore, in deviation from the other examples in Example D 1 , only five winding layers are applied instead of six.
- the polypropylene homopolymer used as the film material according to Example E contains about 1% of the nucleating agent of the type PP-78040 based on an organometallic complex compound, as supplied by Gabriel-Chemie, Vienna.
- the strings according to the production examples C 2 and C 3 like the string according to the example C 1 , have a spring tension characteristic according to curve C in FIG. 1, the strings according to the examples D 1 and D 2 have a characteristic according to curve D and the string according to example E, the curve correspondingly designated E.
- the string made according to the method of the invention can be used particularly advantageously for tennis racket stringing.
- the properties of such a stringing approximate those of a gut string stringing.
- the production costs of the string according to the invention are, however, considerably lower than those of a corresponding gut string.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT0185882A AT389642B (de) | 1982-05-12 | 1982-05-12 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer bespannungssaite fuer ballschlaeger, insbesondere fuer tennisschlaeger |
AT1858/82 | 1982-12-05 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0108093A1 true EP0108093A1 (de) | 1984-05-16 |
EP0108093B1 EP0108093B1 (de) | 1987-09-09 |
Family
ID=3522524
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83901362A Expired EP0108093B1 (de) | 1982-05-12 | 1983-05-13 | Verfahren zum herstellen von bespannungssaiten für ballschläger, insbesondere für tennisschläger |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4568415A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0108093B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS59500822A (de) |
AT (2) | AT389642B (de) |
AU (1) | AU559233B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE3373436D1 (de) |
IT (1) | IT1163341B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1983003998A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT388301B (de) * | 1984-11-09 | 1989-06-12 | Isosport Verbundbauteile | Verfahren zum herstellen einer bespannungssaite in lieferform fuer ballschlaeger, danach hergestellte bespannungssaite sowie verfahren zum bespannen von ballschlaegern mit dieser saite |
US5327714A (en) * | 1992-07-30 | 1994-07-12 | Prince Manufacturing, Inc. | Synthetic string for sporting application |
DE4242673A1 (de) * | 1992-12-17 | 1994-06-23 | Siegfried Kuebler | Saitenstrang oder Saite zum Bespannen eines Schlägers für Ballspiele |
US6132325A (en) * | 1997-06-25 | 2000-10-17 | Bertolotti; Fabio P | Interlocking string network for sport rackets |
US6506134B2 (en) | 1997-06-25 | 2003-01-14 | Fabio Paolo Bertolotti | Interlocking string network for sports rackets |
US6499524B1 (en) * | 1999-09-07 | 2002-12-31 | Berol Corporation | Dispenser for applying a material to a surface |
US6601631B1 (en) * | 1999-09-07 | 2003-08-05 | Berol Corporation | Dispenser for applying a material to a surface |
US20060084532A1 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-04-20 | Chaokang Chu | Strings for racquets |
CN102177284B (zh) * | 2008-10-07 | 2014-06-11 | 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 | 聚烯烃纤维 |
CN104233547A (zh) * | 2013-06-20 | 2014-12-24 | 郑州中远防务材料有限公司 | 单纱、单纱制品及其制备方法 |
WO2017013107A1 (de) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-01-26 | Teufelberger Fiber Rope Gmbh | Seil aus textilem fasermaterial |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB775093A (en) * | 1956-03-06 | 1957-05-22 | Dunlop Rubber Co | Improvements in cords |
US3050431A (en) * | 1958-07-07 | 1962-08-21 | Ashaway Line & Twine Mfg | Manufacture of tennis strings |
US3164952A (en) * | 1962-07-03 | 1965-01-12 | Dunlop Rubber Co | Method of making tennis cords |
DE2805066A1 (de) * | 1977-02-10 | 1978-08-17 | Fischer Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von bespannungssaiten aus kunststoff fuer ballschlaeger, insbesondere tennisschlaeger |
AT359882B (de) * | 1977-05-02 | 1980-12-10 | Fischer Gmbh | Bespannungssaite aus kunststoff fuer ball- schlaeger, insbesondere tennisschlaeger |
US4168606A (en) * | 1977-05-31 | 1979-09-25 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Process for forming string |
US4275117A (en) * | 1977-09-02 | 1981-06-23 | Ashaway Line & Twine Mfg. Co. | String construction produced by subjecting a fibrous strand composed of fibrous materials having differing melting points to heating conditions sufficient to melt some but not all of the fibrous materials |
JPS5519107A (en) * | 1978-07-27 | 1980-02-09 | Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd | Gut and its preparation |
-
1982
- 1982-05-12 AT AT0185882A patent/AT389642B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1983
- 1983-05-11 IT IT21032/83A patent/IT1163341B/it active
- 1983-05-13 WO PCT/AT1983/000014 patent/WO1983003998A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1983-05-13 AU AU15571/83A patent/AU559233B2/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-13 EP EP83901362A patent/EP0108093B1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-05-13 US US06/574,104 patent/US4568415A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-05-13 AT AT83901362T patent/ATE29427T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-05-13 JP JP58501698A patent/JPS59500822A/ja active Granted
- 1983-05-13 DE DE8383901362T patent/DE3373436D1/de not_active Expired
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8303998A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE29427T1 (de) | 1987-09-15 |
DE3373436D1 (en) | 1987-10-15 |
ATA185882A (de) | 1989-06-15 |
JPS59500822A (ja) | 1984-05-10 |
AU559233B2 (en) | 1987-02-26 |
IT8321032A0 (it) | 1983-05-11 |
AU1557183A (en) | 1983-12-02 |
WO1983003998A1 (fr) | 1983-11-24 |
JPH0238703B2 (de) | 1990-08-31 |
EP0108093B1 (de) | 1987-09-09 |
IT1163341B (it) | 1987-04-08 |
US4568415A (en) | 1986-02-04 |
AT389642B (de) | 1990-01-10 |
IT8321032A1 (it) | 1984-11-11 |
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