CN102177284B - 聚烯烃纤维 - Google Patents
聚烯烃纤维 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102177284B CN102177284B CN200980139856.4A CN200980139856A CN102177284B CN 102177284 B CN102177284 B CN 102177284B CN 200980139856 A CN200980139856 A CN 200980139856A CN 102177284 B CN102177284 B CN 102177284B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制备聚烯烃纤维的方法。该方法包括下列步骤:提供至少一条聚烯烃带;将至少一条聚烯烃带纵向加捻或折叠以得到前体纤维,在拉伸下将该前体纤维暴露在聚烯烃熔点范围内的温度下足够长的时间,使得前体纤维的两个或更多个部位至少部分融合。本发明还涉及由此可得到的纤维。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备聚烯烃纤维的方法以及由此可得到的聚烯烃纤维。本发明还涉及聚烯烃纤维的应用。
背景技术
聚烯烃纤维通常通过从挤出模具纺丝含有聚烯烃的流体组合物来制备。用这种方法制成的聚烯烃纤维可以通过例如使多根纤维加捻而被制成多丝纱线。聚烯烃纤维还可以用作制备进一步产品(包括单丝状纤维)的前体。这样做的一种方法是使多根前体聚烯烃纤维融合成最终产品。在EP 0740002 B1中,描述了一种用丝状材料制备钓鱼线的方法,其中用凝胶纺丝的聚烯烃丝线的纱线制成编织、加捻或加捻以及合股的钓鱼线,将该钓鱼线暴露在所述聚烯烃熔点范围内的温度下足够长的时间,使得相邻丝线至少部分融合,同时在1.01-2.5的拉伸比范围内拉伸所述钓鱼线。该方法中所用的纱线是连续的多丝纱线,更具体地,该纱线通过所谓的超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMwPE)的凝胶纺丝来制备,例如名为Spectra或Dyneema可商购的纱线。
在已知的方法中,纱线或纤维由多根纤维制成。前体纤维之间性能上可能的差异将影响最终产品的性能。此外,最终产品中的部分原来是前体纤维间的界面,这一部分的性能可能不同于产品的其他部分。
发明目的
本发明的目的是提供一种制备聚烯烃纤维的新颖方法,其中上述的局限或其他局限被减少了。
发明内容
因此,本发明提供了一种制备聚烯烃纤维的方法,其包括下列步骤:提供至少一条聚烯烃带;将至少一条聚烯烃带纵向加捻或折叠以得到前体纤维,在拉伸下将该前体纤维暴露在聚烯烃熔点范围内的温度下足够长的时间,使得前体纤维的两个或更多个部位至少部分融合。
本发明人现已认识到:聚烯烃带的横截面形状允许沿着带的纵向加捻或折叠该带,并且聚烯烃带的材料允许相邻层的融合。因为纤维是由一条带或原本在宽度方向本身相连的多条带制成,与用多根圆形横截面的丝线制成的纤维相比,通过本发明方法制成的纤维结构更加均匀并且横向上的完整性更好。制备纤维所需的带的数量可以小于当使用具有大致圆形横截面的前体丝线时的数量。此外,与用多根前体丝线制成的产品相比,产品的表面可以被制成具有更小面积的融合边界。融合边界降低了纤维的表面光滑度。通过调整带被加捻或折叠的方法以及融合条件(例如温度和压力),可以调整纤维表面融合边界的面积,从而调整纤维表面的粗糙度。有利的是(具体是用在钓鱼线)表面粗糙度很低。此外,将带再成形为纤维期间,性能甚至可以得到改善。
本发明的另一个重要优点在于:制备纤维所用的带可以不必通过纺丝法(例如凝胶纺丝法或熔融纺丝法)来制备。例如,聚烯烃带可以通过施加足够的压力和温度由粉末聚合物制成。由粉末聚合物制成的聚合物例如可从US 4879076和5091133已知,它们都通过引用结合于此。因此,根据本发明,可以不通过纺丝法来制备纤维。
优选地,纤维由一条带制成。在这样的实施方式中本发明的优势将更加明显。聚烯烃带横截面的形状允许单一的聚烯烃带再成形为具有例如圆形横截面的纤维。这样的再成形对于具有大致圆形横截面的常规纤维是不可能的。当用一条带制备时所得纤维的结构最均匀。
本文中“带”理解为任何扁平体,包括长度尺寸远远大于横截面尺寸的物体以及与横截面的长轴相比长度尺寸不必更大的物体。术语“带”包括可以被称为丝带、条带、膜或片的物体。横截面可以具有各种各向异性的形状,例如矩形或椭圆形。横截面的长轴被称为宽度,而垂直于宽度方向的横截面的短轴被称为厚度。
本文中“前体纤维”理解为通过带的再成形制备、并通过融合转变为一个基本完整体的物体。
当在本文中使用时,“纵向加捻或折叠带”指的是弯曲带或以其它方式改变带的形状,使得带的一个侧边与带的另一部分相接触,以致带的至少一部分的宽度变小,从而得到前体纤维。当多于一条带被纵向加捻或折叠时,在本文中指的是一捆多于一条的带作为一个整体被加捻或折叠。该捆被再成形使得捆的一个侧边与捆的另一部分相接触,以使得捆的至少一部分的宽度变小,从而得到前体纤维。
带可以被加捻或折叠任意次数,以得到所期望的结果。例如,带可以被加捻2-1500匝/米(t/m)。具体地,带可以被加捻50-1000t/m,更优选100-700t/m。
本文中“纤维”理解为长度尺寸远远大于横截面尺寸的细长体。横截面可以是任意形状,例如圆形、椭圆形、矩形、正方形、U-型。
聚烯烃可以是聚乙烯、聚丙烯或能够融合在一起而机械性能没有显著降低的任何其他合适的聚合物。
对于相邻层被至少部分融合的步骤来说,可以依据每一种应用中所需的融合程度而使用熔融助剂,例如石蜡油。
在一个优选的实施方式中,聚烯烃带是HMwPE带或UHMwPE带。“HMwPE带或UHMwPE带”指的是带的总重量中包含75wt%的HMwPE或UHMwPE。该比例优选为至少90wt%,最优选为100wt%。当带由HMwPE和UHMwPE的组合物制成时,所得的带可以是HMwPE带或UHMwPE带,这取决于HMwPE和UHMwPE的比例。类似地,纤维的总重量中包含75wt%的HMwPE或UHMwPE的纤维被称为HMwPE纤维或UHMwPE纤维。
本文中“高分子量聚乙烯(HMwPE)”指的是分子量为50000-400000的聚乙烯。本文中“超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMwPE)”定义为分子量为至少400000的聚乙烯。UHMwPE可以具有多达几百万的分子量。除非特别指出,本文中所指的分子量是重均分子量(Mw)。
特性粘度可用于确定分子量。特性粘度是摩尔质量(也称为分子量)的量度,它比例如Mn和Mw的实际摩尔质量参数更易确定。根据方法PTC-179(Hercules Inc.Rev.Apr.29,1982)来测定IV,测试条件为:在135℃下,十氢化萘中,溶解时间为16小时,采用用量为2g/l溶液的DBPC作为抗氧剂,并且将在不同浓度下测量的粘度外推得到零浓度下的粘度。IV和Mw之间存在一些经验关系,但这些关系高度依赖于摩尔质量的分布。基于方程Mw=5.37*104[IV]1.37(参见EP 0504954A1),4.5的IV相当于约4.2×105g/mol的Mw。
因为它们的长分子链,IV大于5dl/g、经拉伸的UHMwPE纤维具有非常好的机械性能,例如高拉伸强度、模量和断裂能量吸收。更优选地,选择IV大于10dl/g的聚乙烯。这是因为通过凝胶纺丝所述UHMwPE纱线而制成的纱线提供了下列性能的组合:高强度、低相对密度、良好的耐水解性以及优异的耐磨性。合适的UHMwPE的特性粘度通常大于5dl/g,优选介于8和40dl/g之间,更优选介于10和30、或12和28、或15和25dl/g之间。
优选地,本发明中的HMwPE和UHMwPE是线性聚乙烯,即每100个碳原子具有小于1个侧链,优选每300个碳原子具有小于1个侧链的聚乙烯,其中侧链通常包含至少10个碳原子。优选只存在聚乙烯,但线性聚乙烯也可以还包含至多5mol%的可与其共聚或不能与其共聚的烯烃,例如丙烯、丁烯、戊烯、4-甲基戊烯或辛烯。聚乙烯可以还包含至多15重量%、优选1-10重量%的对于所述纤维来说常用的添加剂,例如抗氧化剂、热稳定剂、着色剂等等。
在一个实施方式中,带是单丝带。本文中“单丝”理解为通过纺丝从一个喷丝孔中得到的丝线。要注意的是本文中所用的单丝不需要具有圆形横截面。该实施方式是有利的这样的单丝带具有非常均匀的结构。
根据一个实施方式,所提供的带通过下列方式制备:提供包含HMwPE和/或UHMwPE的流体组合物;将流体组合物从具有各向异性形状的喷丝孔中纺丝得到流体带;冷却流体带得到固化带,并在至少一个方向上在至少一个拉伸步骤中拉伸该固化带。各向异性的形状可以是各种形状,例如矩形或椭圆形。
在制备带的步骤中,固化带可以是已经纵向折叠的。在一个实施方式中,得到固化带的步骤之后,固化带用绕线器缠绕,所述绕线器具有宽度小于固化带宽度的狭缝。这就使得固化带被纵向折叠。经折叠的固化带的相邻层在拉伸步骤期间可以至少部分融合。由此得到的带包含纵向折叠并且可能融合的层,该带可以经历随后的加捻或折叠步骤。
优选地,拉伸步骤仅在纵向上进行。这样的拉伸步骤赋予带高的抗断强度。优选地,拉伸比为至少1.5,更优选至少5,更优选至少10。使用这样的拉伸比将得到特别高的抗断强度。
根据另一个的实施方式,所提供的带在至少两个方向上进行拉伸。拉伸可以双向进行,即在轴向以及基本横向的方向,或者在甚至更多方向上进行拉伸。优选地,拉伸在至少为10的面拉伸比(即就面积而言的拉伸因子)下进行。根据该方法制成的带可能具有较大的宽度,这就使得带在随后步骤中的加捻或折叠方式具有更大的自由度。
根据一个优选的实施方式,带是凝胶纺丝的UHMwPE带。UHMwPE的凝胶纺丝在如下各种出版物中均有描述,包括EP 0205960A、EP0213208A1、US 4413110、WO 01/73173A1和Advanced Fibre SpinningTechnology,Ed.T.Nakajima,Woodhead Publ.Ltd(1994),ISBN 1-855-73182-7以及其中所列的参考文献。这些出版物通过引用结合与此。因此,根据本发明的一个方面,流体组合物是在UHMwPE在溶剂中的溶液,并且本发明方法包括除去至少部分溶剂的步骤。
在本方法中,可以使用用于UHMwPE凝胶纺丝的任何已知溶剂。纺丝溶剂的适当实例包括脂族烃和脂环族烃,例如辛烷、壬烷、癸烷和石蜡,包括其异构体;石油馏分;矿物油;煤油;芳族烃,例如甲苯、二甲苯和萘,包括其氢化衍生物,例如十氢化萘和四氢化萘;卤化烃,例如一氯代苯;和环烷烃或环烯烃,例如蒈烯(careen)、芴、莰烯、孟烷、二戊烯、萘、苊烯(acenaphtalene)、甲基环戊二烯、三环癸烷、1,2,4,5-四甲基-1,4-环己二烯、芴酮、联萘胺(naphtindane)、四甲基-对-苯并二醌、乙基芴(ethylfuorene)、荧蒽和萘酮。还可以使用上面所列举的纺丝溶剂的组合用于UHMWPE的凝胶纺丝,其中为了简化,溶剂的组合也被称为纺丝溶剂。在一个实施方式中,所选择的纺丝溶剂在室温下具有低蒸汽压,例如石蜡油。还发现,本发明的方法对于在室温下相对挥发性的纺丝溶剂例如十氢化萘、四氢化萘和煤油而言尤其有利。最优选,纺丝溶剂是十氢化萘。
凝胶纺丝、纵向拉伸的UHMwPE带具有非常高的抗断强度。优选地,UHMwPE带的抗断强度为至少20cN/dtex,优选为至少25cN/dtex,甚至更优选为至少30cN/dtex,最优选为至少35cN/dtex。因为带是经拉伸的UHMwPE带,所以得到如此高的抗断强度。
此外,凝胶纺丝、纵向拉伸的UHMwPE带具有非常高的模量。优选地,带的模量为至少600cN/dtex,更优选为至少900cN/dtex,甚至更优选为至少1300cN/dtex。
根据另一个实施方式,带是熔融纺丝的HMwPE带或熔融纺丝的UHMwPE带,其中UHMwPE的分子量最高达800000。熔融纺丝法在本领域是众所周知的,包括下列步骤:加热PE组合物形成PE熔体,挤出PE熔体,冷却挤出的熔体得到固化的PE,拉伸固化的PE至少一次。该方法在例如EP0344860A1、WO03/037590A1、EP1445356和EP173659A1中均提到,它们通过引用结合于此。因此,根据本发明的一个方面,流体组合物是HMwPE和/或分子量最高达800000的HMwPE的熔体。
在该实施方式中,考虑到可加工性来选择PE。HMwPE可以毫无困难地熔融纺丝,而分子量高达800000的UHMwPE也可以熔融纺丝。更高的分子量可以为带提供更理想的机械性能,但是可加工性降低,具体是挤出变得更加困难。优选地,熔融纺丝、纵向拉伸带的抗断强度为至少13cN/dtex,优选至少16cN/dtex,甚至更优选至少20cN/dtex。
根据另一个实施方式,通过如下制备HMwPE带或UHMwPE带:将包含HMwPE和/或UHMwPE的聚合物粉末加料到一组环带之间;在低于聚合物粉末熔点的温度下对其进行压缩模制;并且辊压所得到的压缩模制聚合物,随后拉伸。用这种方式制备带的方法可从例如US 4879076和5091133(通过引用结合与此)获知。拉伸比优选为至少1.5,更优选为至少5,甚至更优选为至少10。如果需要,在将聚合物粉末加料和压缩模制之前,聚合物粉末可与合适的液体有机化合物(沸点高于所述聚合物的熔点)混合。压缩模制也可以通过如下进行:将聚合物粉末暂时保留在环带间,同时运送该聚合物粉末。该过程可以例如通过与环带相关联的挤压压盘和/或辊来实现。通过该方法制备的带通过本发明的方法再成形为纤维。该方法为制备纤维提供了一种完全新颖的方法,其不包括纺丝过程(例如凝胶纺丝法或熔融纺丝法)。因此,所提供的制备纤维的方法不受纺丝法可能具有的任何限制。
通过该方法得到的带可以纵向分割。要指出的是:尽管可以通过带的分割来制备横截面纵横比约为1的纤维,但是分割将损坏带并且降低带的强度。这种通过分割制成的纤维不具有许多应用所要求的强度。与之相对比,根据本发明的一个实施方式,带被纵向分割,然后经历纵向加捻或折叠带的步骤,随后进行融合步骤。发现融合步骤之后,由分割所产生的损坏基本消失,得到非常好的强度值。该实施方式允许所得到的最终纤维具有所期望的厚度以及高强度。
在一个实施方式中,在进行包含融合的步骤的同时,以1.01-5.0、优选1.1-3.0、更优选1.2-2.5、甚至更优选1.4-2.0、甚至更优选1.5-1.8的拉伸比拉伸加捻或折叠过的带。拉伸的同时使其经受带的熔点范围内的温度,所产生的纤维具有改善的机械性能,例如抗断强度。
本发明还涉及通过本发明方法得到的纤维。优选地,纤维具有基本上为圆形的横截面。但是对纤维可能的横截面没有限制。该横截面可以是例如矩形、正方形、椭圆形、U-型。
发现由凝胶纺丝单丝UHMwPE带制成的纤维具有非常高的抗断强度。优选地,纤维的抗断强度为至少20cN/dtex,优选为至少25cN/dtex,甚至更优选为至少30cN/dtex,最优选为至少35cN/dtex。
此外,由凝胶纺丝单丝UHMwPE带制成的纤维具有非常高的模量。优选地,纤维的模量为至少600cN/dtex,更优选为至少900cN/dtex,甚至更优选为至少1300cN/dtex。高模量在钓鱼线和其他应用(其中一端的微小运动必须立即传送到另一端而且基本没有损失)中特别有利。
在一个实施方式中,纤维具有基本上为圆形的横截面,其直径为至少100μm,优选为至少120μm,更优选为至少150μm。具有如此大直径的纤维可以直接用在各种应用中。事实上,根据本发明的方法,纤维的粗度几乎没有什么上限。多达几厘米的值是可能的。粗纤维的拉力增大,解决该问题的技术手段是工业中现有的标准。但是,对于大部分实际应用来说,不需要如此粗的纤维。因此,纤维直径优选为至多3000μm,更优选为至多1500μm,更优选为至多500μm。纤维的直径主要仅受带的宽度和厚度以及所用带的数量限制。
在一个实施方式中,纤维的表面粗糙度Ra为至少0.5μm,优选为至少1μm。这可以通过调整带被加捻或折叠的方式以及调整进行融合的条件(例如温度和压力)来实现。高表面粗糙度在下列应用中可能有利:其中可打结性很重要。下面描述了测定表面粗糙度的典型方法。
用光学轮廓仪(Veeco NT1100)来测定表面粗糙度Ra。为了防止不必要的内部反射,测试之前将纱线样品镀金。使用VSI-模式(垂直扫描干涉法(vertical scanning interferometry))来扫描纱线样品。扫描后,使用光学轮廓仪的操作软件用圆柱和倾斜校正来校正轮廓,以调整到丝线的圆柱形状。通过操作软件用扫描数据计算表面粗糙度。
本发明的纤维具有多种应用,包括钓鱼线。高抗断强度、模量和断裂伸长率相结合给出一种特别有利的钓鱼线。此外,本发明的钓鱼线与用编织纱线制成的钓鱼线相比有利的是:本发明的钓鱼线不截留水而且不存在易挂破或缠结的外表面。编织线可能在线的末端还易于磨损。当打成结时,末端磨损产生绒毛状突起,钓鱼时这可能不利地影响诱饵的外观和可接受性。此外,由凝胶纺丝聚乙烯制成的编织线不能用钓鱼者常用的压缩型直线式裁切机整齐地切割。织带必须用剪刀或其他类型的剪切装置来切割以确保织带中的所有丝线都已均匀地切断。另一个用途包括含有本发明纤维的风筝线。与用更细纤维的织带制成的风筝线相比,它具有更少的启动阻力。纤维的高机械性能在多种应用中是有利的,例如用在机械设备中的致动器缆绳。致动器缆绳必须具有高模量,因为即使非常小的应变也可能影响致动器的精确控制。
将参考下面的实施例更详细地说明本发明。
方法:
●IV:根据方法PTC-179(Hercules Inc.Rev.Apr.29,1982)来测定特性粘度,测试条件为:在135℃下,十氢化萘中,溶解时间为16小时,采用用量为2g/l溶液的DBPC作为抗氧剂,其中将在不同浓度下测量的粘度外推得到零浓度下的粘度。
●dtex:通过称重10米长的纤维来测定纤维的线密度(dtex,g/10km)。以毫克计的所测重量便是dtex。
●拉伸性能:根据ASTM D885M,使用名义标定长度为500mm的纤维,在装有1kN载荷传感器和Instron抛物线型纤维夹具的Instron拉力试验机中进行拉伸测试。由每一个单独的样品断裂时所测定的力和所测定的线密度来确定拉伸强度。由0.3-1.0%的应变之间的弦线模量来确定拉伸模量。使用0应变下拉力为0.08N的100mm的标定长度来确定断裂伸长率和应变。标定长度包括在抛物线型纤维夹具部分上直到平坦气动夹具部分的起始端的完整纤维长度。拉伸测试期间的应变速率为50mm/min。
1.用凝胶纺丝的UHMwPE单丝带制备纤维
1.1凝胶纺丝的UHMwPE单丝带的制备
实施例1
UHMwPE单丝带通过凝胶纺丝法制备。将IV为20dl/g的UHMwPE在十氢化萘中的8wt%的溶液在约160℃下通过具有一个喷丝孔的喷丝板纺丝为溶液单丝带。溶液单丝带从72mm×0.8mm的狭缝中流入5mm的空气隙中,然后进入水浴。溶液单丝带在保持约为30℃的水浴中冷却得到凝胶带,并以在空气隙中施加1.8的拉伸比的速率被收取。纺丝速度保持恒定为2.8m/min。随后凝胶带在125℃的平均温度下以20的拉伸比进一步拉伸得到部分拉伸的带。部分拉伸的带用其狭缝宽度小于该部分拉伸的带的宽度的绕线器缠绕成线轴。这导致部分拉伸带的纵向折叠。没有使用纺丝整理剂。随后折叠的部分拉伸带在151℃的平均温度下以3.5的拉伸比拉伸得到完全拉伸的带。
通过SEM观察带的平面截面和横截面。观察到带的折叠部分在最终拉伸中已融合在一起。取决于每一个带上层的数量,带的厚度在约10到40μm的范围内变化。带的宽度约为0.85mm。
根据本文上面所描述的方法来测试带的拉伸性能,结果显示在表1中。
实施例2-5
实验类似于实施例1来进行,但是实施例2中部分拉伸的带不再进一步拉伸,而实施例3、4和5的第二拉伸阶段分别以2.5、3.0和4.0的拉伸比得到完全拉伸的带。根据本文上面所描述的方法来测试纱线的拉伸性能,结果显示在表1中。
表1
*PDT:部分拉伸的带;没有第二拉伸阶段而得到的带。
实施例6
实验类似于实施例1来进行,但是部分拉伸的带用没有狭缝的绕线器缠绕。因此,所得的带没有纵向折叠。
通过SEM测定带的宽度和厚度为4000μm和10μm。宽度和厚度之间如此高的比例是令人惊讶的,因为这远高于喷丝板中喷丝孔的比例。
1.2.用凝胶纺丝带制备纤维
实施例7-10
通过实施例1的带的再成形来制备通常具有圆形横截面的单丝纤维。以300t/m的速度使带加捻并在151℃的温度下拉伸。没有使用例如石蜡油的熔融助剂,因为已发现石蜡油导致机械性能更低。在拉伸过程中,对每一个实施例施加如表2中所示的拉力,实施例7-10分别得到1.5、1.6、1.7和1.8的拉伸比。加捻的带产生单丝纤维。根据本文上面所描述的方法来测试带的拉伸性能,结果显示在表2中。抗断强度很高,在一个实施例中所得到的抗断强度高达38.9cN/dtex。抗断强度高于已知的用多根丝线制成的融合纱线。高抗断强度的原因可能是(并非仅限于此):融合了多根丝线的纱线与本发明的纤维相比,具有更多通过融合形成的界面。
表2
2.用通过压缩模制制成的UHMwPE带来制备纤维
通过压缩模制和辊压UHMWPE的精细粉末床制备的带经历本发明制备纤维的过程。原始带的宽度为110mm,厚度为45μm。带的抗断强度测得为16cN/dtex。首先将带分割成宽度为3mm。所得到的带以300t/m(匝/米)和450t/m的速度加捻。根据本文上面所描述的方法来测试加捻的带以及未加捻的带的拉伸性能,结果显示在表3中。
表3
通过对比原始带和分割带(表示为表中未加捻的)的抗断强度,可以看出由于分割步骤抗断强度大大降低。还可以看出由于加捻抗断强度和E-模量显著降低。
实施例11-14
实施例11-14中以300t/m加捻的带在150.6℃下分别以1.1、1.2、1.3和1.4的拉伸比来拉伸。用从动辊的速度之间的比值来计算拉伸比。没有使用例如石蜡油的熔融助剂。加捻的带产生单丝纤维。根据本文上面所描述的方法来测试纤维的拉伸性能,结果显示在表4中。
表4
与加捻的未经拉伸的带相比,抗断强度和E-模量显著增大。观察到抗断强度增大到带被分割之前的水平,或甚至更高。
实施例15-25
以300t/m加捻的带在如表5中所示的各自的温度下以各自的拉伸比拉伸。没有使用例如石蜡油的熔融助剂。加捻的带产生单丝纤维。根据本文上面所描述的方法来测试纤维的拉伸性能,结果显示在表5中。
表5
Claims (25)
1.一种制备聚烯烃纤维的方法,其包括下列步骤:
a)提供至少一条聚烯烃带;
b)将所述至少一条聚烯烃带纵向加捻或折叠以得到前体纤维;并
c)在拉伸下将该前体纤维暴露在所述聚烯烃的熔点范围内的温度下足够长的时间,以使得所述前体纤维的两个或更多个部位至少部分融合,同时以1.01-5.0的拉伸比拉伸所述前体纤维。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述聚烯烃纤维由一条聚烯烃带制成。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述聚烯烃带是HMwPE带或UHMwPE带。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述步骤a)包括下列步骤:
-提供包含HMwPE和/或UHMwPE的流体组合物;
-将所述流体组合物从具有各向异性形状的喷丝孔中纺丝得到流体带;
-冷却该流体带得到固化带;并
-在至少一个方向上在至少一个拉伸步骤中拉伸该固化带。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述的拉伸步骤仅在纵向上进行,拉伸比为至少1.5。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述的拉伸步骤仅在纵向上进行,拉伸比为至少5。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述的拉伸步骤仅在纵向上进行,拉伸比为至少10。
8.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述的拉伸步骤以至少为10的面拉伸比在至少两个方向上进行。
9.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述的流体组合物是UHMwPE在溶剂中的溶液,所述方法包括至少部分除去该溶剂的步骤。
10.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述的流体组合物是HMwPE的熔体和/或分子量最高达800000的UHMwPE的熔体。
11.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述步骤a)包括下列步骤:将包含HMwPE和/或UHMwPE的聚合物粉末加料到一组环带之间;在低于聚合物粉末熔点的温度下对其进行压缩模制并且辊压所得到的压缩模制聚合物,随后拉伸。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述步骤c)在以1.1-3.0的拉伸比来拉伸经加捻或折叠的带的同时来进行。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述步骤c)在以1.2-2.5的拉伸比来拉伸经加捻或折叠的带的同时来进行。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述步骤c)在以1.4-2.0的拉伸比来拉伸经加捻或折叠的带的同时来进行。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述步骤c)在1.5-1.8的拉伸比来拉伸经加捻或折叠的带的同时来进行。
16.一种纤维,其可根据权利要求1-15中任意一项所述的方法得到。
17.如权利要求16所述的纤维,其具有基本上为圆形的横截面。
18.如权利要求16所述的纤维,其中所述纤维的抗断强度为至少30cN/dtex。
19.如权利要求18所述的纤维,其中所述纤维的抗断强度为至少35cN/dtex。
20.如权利要求16所述的纤维,其中所述纤维具有基本上为圆形的横截面,直径为至少100μm。
21.如权利要求16所述的纤维,其中所述纤维具有基本上为圆形的横截面,直径为至少120μm。
22.如权利要求16所述的纤维,其中所述纤维具有基本上为圆形的横截面,直径为为至少150μm。
23.如权利要求16-23中任意一项所述的纤维,其中所述纤维的表面粗糙度Ra为至少0.5μm。
24.如权利要求23所述的纤维,其中所述纤维的表面粗糙度Ra为至少1μm。
25.一种钓鱼线,其包含如权利要求16-24中任意一项所述的纤维。
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US20160145796A1 (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2016-05-26 | Zhengzhou Zhongyuan Defense Material Co., Ltd | High-strength rigging and preparation method thereof |
CN206204500U (zh) * | 2013-06-20 | 2017-05-31 | 郑州中远防务材料有限公司 | 高强度织物 |
CN104085154A (zh) * | 2013-06-20 | 2014-10-08 | 郑州中远防务材料有限公司 | 扁平吊装带及其制备方法 |
JP2016527409A (ja) * | 2013-06-20 | 2016-09-08 | 鄭州中遠防務材料有限公司Zhengzhou Zhongyuan Defense Material Co., Ltd | 単糸、単糸製品及びその製造方法 |
CN104088176A (zh) * | 2013-06-20 | 2014-10-08 | 郑州中远防务材料有限公司 | 捻绳及其制备方法 |
CN104088177A (zh) * | 2013-06-20 | 2014-10-08 | 郑州中远防务材料有限公司 | 索具及其制备方法 |
BR122020002319B1 (pt) * | 2013-10-29 | 2021-06-15 | Braskem S.A. | Método e sistema contínuo para a produção de pelo menos um fio polimérico |
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AU2009301171A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
EP2334854A2 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
WO2010040711A3 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
US20110233342A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
TW201022493A (en) | 2010-06-16 |
US20110173874A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
WO2010040714A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
JP2012505316A (ja) | 2012-03-01 |
JP5545500B2 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
US8578693B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
EP2334493A1 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
CN102177284A (zh) | 2011-09-07 |
WO2010040711A2 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
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