Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
  • C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
  • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

• ether In order to reduce the formation of smoke or soot in diesel engines, it is known to add ether to the diesel fuel, in particular in a mixture with salts of organic acids from metals of the 2nd main group of the periodic table, in particular the barium.
• mono- and di-alkyl ethers of glycols in particular mono- and dimethyl ethers of ethylene glycol, are proposed as ethers.
• These additives have the disadvantage that they are very expensive to produce and their mode of operation as a soot-reducing and exhaust-gas-reducing additive is only slight.
• the pollution of the environment through the emission of cadmium, barium, strontium is to be feared.
• the present invention avoids the difficulties and disadvantages of the known, ether-containing diesel fuels and is distinguished by an improved combustion behavior compared to conventional diesel fuels and thus an increased useful output and a reduced pollutant emissions of the engines operated therewith.
• R I and R2 each represent a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl or 2-butyl radical.
• R I and R 2 may be the same or different.
• methyl tert-butyl ether (2-methoxy-2-methyl propane), methyl tert-amyl ether (2-methoxy-2-methyl butane), isopropyl tert-butyl ether (2- (2'- Propoxy) -2-methylpropane), sec-butyl tert-butyl ether (2- (2'-butoxy) -2-methyl propane), methyl tert-2,3-dimethylbutyl ether (2-methoxy -2,3-dimethylbutane) and methyl tert-2-methylpentyl ether (2-methoxy-2-methylpentane).
• Ether mixtures which contain up to 90% by volume of one of the stated ethers are preferred.
• methyl tert-butyl ether is 5-50 vol.%, Of methyl tert.-amyl ether 5-50 vol.%, Of isopropyl tert-butyl ether 5-50 vol.%, Of sec .-Butyl tert-butyl ether 5-50 vol.%, Methyl tert-2,3-dimethyl-butyl ether 5-50 vol.% And methyl tert-2-methylpentyl ether 5-50 vol .%.
• the ethers to be added to the diesel fuel according to the invention can be produced by simple processes from the hydrocarbons which are obtained during the extraction and processing of crude oil and are gaseous or volatile under normal conditions and can be made available in large quantities. It is therefore entirely possible to produce diesel fuel with the additives according to the invention, which consists of up to 40, preferably up to 25% by volume of the ether mixture.
• Common diesel fuel contains cycloparaffins and multinuclear aromatics, which tend to form soot particles during combustion.
• Complying with a prescribed smoke formation number (soot number, smoke unit) requires an excess of air compared to the stoichiometric ratio of fuel / air and thus reduces the maximum energy that can be released per mass of diesel fuel consumed.
• the addition of ether according to the invention greatly reduces the soot formation number, which makes it possible to reduce the excess air. This leads to an increase in the efficiency and thus the useful output of the engine through higher medium pressure.
• the absolute amount of exhaust gas is reduced and pollutant emissions, in particular NO x emissions, are reduced.
• the soot emitted in reduced concentration is characterized by the fact that the extractable carcinogenic components of polycyclic aromatics are significantly reduced.
• the ether mixtures added to the diesel fuel according to the invention can also serve as solubilizers for alcohols, in particular methanol and ethanol. They make it possible to add alcohols with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, e.g. methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, sec-butanol and tert-butanol, individually or in a mixture, even with low water content, to the diesel fuel, the alcohol content of the fuel being 2 to 40, preferably two se 5 to 25 vol.%. As a result, alcohols obtained from biomass can be used in larger quantities as diesel oil additives.
• solubilizers It is known to add alcohols to diesel fuels using solubilizers.
• solubilizers previously proposed for this purpose are produced by a complex process and are therefore not readily available in the larger quantities required.
• the substances previously considered as solubilizers also lack the property of favorably influencing the combustion behavior of diesel fuels, as is the case with the ethers according to the invention.
• a commercially available diesel fuel with the properties listed in Table 1 was used as the mixture component for the production of the fuels according to the invention and as the basis for the comparative tests.
• the fuels according to Examples 1, 3 and 7 as ignition accelerators were 0.5, 3.5 and 2.0% by weight (based on the fuel) di-sec.-butyl-para-phenyldi amine added.
• the Bosch number (BZ) as a measure of the exhaust ink, and the specific energy consumption were determined using a Daimler-Benz engine 240 D at 4400 min- i and a power of 47.3 kW.
• Table 3 shows the Bosch number and the specific energy consumption of the basic diesel fuel (0) and the mixtures according to Examples 1 to 8.
• Table 3 shows that improvements in the Bosch number as a measure of Russbil up to 62% compared to conventional diesel fuel. Even mixtures whose content of the components according to the invention is only 10% by volume have Bosch numbers which are reduced by up to 38%.
• the NOx values in the exhaust gas were determined with a standard VW Golf D engine with an output of 31.4 kW at 4800 min -1 .
• the results are shown in Table 4. *
• the mixtures according to Examples 1, 2 and 3 contained 1.0, 2.5 and 1.5% by volume (based on the total fuel) of di-sec-butyl-para-phenyldiamine as the ignition accelerator.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Glass Compositions (AREA)
• Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
• Steroid Compounds (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

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• 1981
  • 1981-10-10 DE DE19813140382 patent/DE3140382A1/de active Granted
• 1982
  • 1982-09-03 TR TR6933A patent/TR22309A/xx unknown
  • 1982-10-05 CA CA000412887A patent/CA1180895A/en not_active Expired
  • 1982-10-05 GR GR69444A patent/GR76994B/el unknown
  • 1982-10-07 AT AT82109266T patent/ATE18919T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1982-10-07 DE DE8282109266T patent/DE3270279D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1982-10-07 EP EP82109266A patent/EP0077027B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1982-10-08 DK DK446182A patent/DK153225C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1982-10-08 MX MX194722A patent/MX162435A/es unknown
  • 1982-10-08 NO NO823376A patent/NO160145C/no unknown
  • 1982-10-08 PT PT75662A patent/PT75662B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1982-10-08 JP JP57176457A patent/JPS5874789A/ja active Granted
  • 1982-10-08 IE IE2442/82A patent/IE53445B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1982-10-08 ES ES516382A patent/ES8307886A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1982-10-08 BR BR8205904A patent/BR8205904A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1982-10-08 FI FI823426A patent/FI75592C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation

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