EP0077027B1 - Diesel fuel - Google Patents
Diesel fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0077027B1 EP0077027B1 EP82109266A EP82109266A EP0077027B1 EP 0077027 B1 EP0077027 B1 EP 0077027B1 EP 82109266 A EP82109266 A EP 82109266A EP 82109266 A EP82109266 A EP 82109266A EP 0077027 B1 EP0077027 B1 EP 0077027B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tert
- volume
- diesel fuel
- ether
- butyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Definitions
- ether In order to reduce the formation of smoke or soot in diesel engines, it is known to add ether to the diesel fuel, in particular in a mixture with salts of organic acids from metals of the 2nd main group of the periodic table, in particular the barium.
- mono- and di-alkyl ethers of glycols in particular mono- and dimethyl ethers of ethylene glycol, are proposed as ethers.
- These additives have the disadvantage that they are very expensive to produce and their mode of operation as a soot-reducing and exhaust-gas-reducing additive is only slight.
- the pollution of the environment through the emission of cadmium, barium, strontium is to be feared.
- the present invention avoids the difficulties and disadvantages of the known, ether-containing diesel fuels and is distinguished by an improved combustion behavior compared to conventional diesel fuels and thus an increased useful output and a reduced pollutant emissions of the engines operated therewith.
- R I and R2 each represent a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl or 2-butyl radical.
- R I and R 2 may be the same or different.
- methyl tert-butyl ether (2-methoxy-2-methyl propane), methyl tert-amyl ether (2-methoxy-2-methyl butane), isopropyl tert-butyl ether (2- (2'- Propoxy) -2-methylpropane), sec-butyl tert-butyl ether (2- (2'-butoxy) -2-methyl propane), methyl tert-2,3-dimethylbutyl ether (2-methoxy -2,3-dimethylbutane) and methyl tert-2-methylpentyl ether (2-methoxy-2-methylpentane).
- Ether mixtures which contain up to 90% by volume of one of the stated ethers are preferred.
- methyl tert-butyl ether is 5-50 vol.%, Of methyl tert.-amyl ether 5-50 vol.%, Of isopropyl tert-butyl ether 5-50 vol.%, Of sec .-Butyl tert-butyl ether 5-50 vol.%, Methyl tert-2,3-dimethyl-butyl ether 5-50 vol.% And methyl tert-2-methylpentyl ether 5-50 vol .%.
- the ethers to be added to the diesel fuel according to the invention can be produced by simple processes from the hydrocarbons which are obtained during the extraction and processing of crude oil and are gaseous or volatile under normal conditions and can be made available in large quantities. It is therefore entirely possible to produce diesel fuel with the additives according to the invention, which consists of up to 40, preferably up to 25% by volume of the ether mixture.
- Common diesel fuel contains cycloparaffins and multinuclear aromatics, which tend to form soot particles during combustion.
- Complying with a prescribed smoke formation number (soot number, smoke unit) requires an excess of air compared to the stoichiometric ratio of fuel / air and thus reduces the maximum energy that can be released per mass of diesel fuel consumed.
- the addition of ether according to the invention greatly reduces the soot formation number, which makes it possible to reduce the excess air. This leads to an increase in the efficiency and thus the useful output of the engine through higher medium pressure.
- the absolute amount of exhaust gas is reduced and pollutant emissions, in particular NO x emissions, are reduced.
- the soot emitted in reduced concentration is characterized by the fact that the extractable carcinogenic components of polycyclic aromatics are significantly reduced.
- the ether mixtures added to the diesel fuel according to the invention can also serve as solubilizers for alcohols, in particular methanol and ethanol. They make it possible to add alcohols with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, e.g. methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, sec-butanol and tert-butanol, individually or in a mixture, even with low water content, to the diesel fuel, the alcohol content of the fuel being 2 to 40, preferably two se 5 to 25 vol.%. As a result, alcohols obtained from biomass can be used in larger quantities as diesel oil additives.
- solubilizers It is known to add alcohols to diesel fuels using solubilizers.
- solubilizers previously proposed for this purpose are produced by a complex process and are therefore not readily available in the larger quantities required.
- the substances previously considered as solubilizers also lack the property of favorably influencing the combustion behavior of diesel fuels, as is the case with the ethers according to the invention.
- a commercially available diesel fuel with the properties listed in Table 1 was used as the mixture component for the production of the fuels according to the invention and as the basis for the comparative tests.
- the fuels according to Examples 1, 3 and 7 as ignition accelerators were 0.5, 3.5 and 2.0% by weight (based on the fuel) di-sec.-butyl-para-phenyldi amine added.
- the Bosch number (BZ) as a measure of the exhaust ink, and the specific energy consumption were determined using a Daimler-Benz engine 240 D at 4400 min- i and a power of 47.3 kW.
- Table 3 shows the Bosch number and the specific energy consumption of the basic diesel fuel (0) and the mixtures according to Examples 1 to 8.
- Table 3 shows that improvements in the Bosch number as a measure of Russbil up to 62% compared to conventional diesel fuel. Even mixtures whose content of the components according to the invention is only 10% by volume have Bosch numbers which are reduced by up to 38%.
- the NOx values in the exhaust gas were determined with a standard VW Golf D engine with an output of 31.4 kW at 4800 min -1 .
- the results are shown in Table 4. *
- the mixtures according to Examples 1, 2 and 3 contained 1.0, 2.5 and 1.5% by volume (based on the total fuel) of di-sec-butyl-para-phenyldiamine as the ignition accelerator.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Zur Verminderung der Rauch- bzw. Russbildung in Dieselmotoren ist es bekannt, dem Dieselkraftstoff Äther, insbesondere in Mischung mit Salzen organischer Säuren von Metallen der II. Hauptgruppe des Periodensystems, insbesondere des Bariums zuzusetzen. Als Äther werden vor allem Mono- und Di-Alkyläther von Glykolen, insbesondere Mono- und Dimethyläther von Äthylenglykol vorgeschlagen. Diese Zusätze haben den Nachteil, dass ihre Herstellung sehr aufwendig und ihre Wirkungsweise als russminderndes und abgasreduzierendes Additiv nur gering ist. Zudem ist die Belastung der Umwelt durch die Emission von Cadmium, Barium, Strontium zu befürchten.In order to reduce the formation of smoke or soot in diesel engines, it is known to add ether to the diesel fuel, in particular in a mixture with salts of organic acids from metals of the 2nd main group of the periodic table, in particular the barium. In particular, mono- and di-alkyl ethers of glycols, in particular mono- and dimethyl ethers of ethylene glycol, are proposed as ethers. These additives have the disadvantage that they are very expensive to produce and their mode of operation as a soot-reducing and exhaust-gas-reducing additive is only slight. In addition, the pollution of the environment through the emission of cadmium, barium, strontium is to be feared.
Weiterhin ist es bekannt, Dieselmotoren mit Mischungen von Alkoholen und Äthern zu betreiben (Siehe z.B. Wo-A-8100721). Als Alkohole werden Methanol, Äthanol, n-Propanol und n-Butanol vorgeschlagen; bevorzugt werden Mischungen von Dimethyläther und Methanol. Bei diesen Gemischen hat es sich als notwendig erwiesen, die beiden Bestandteile dem Zylinder getrennt zuzuführen, z.B. über die Ansaugluft und durch die üblichen Einspritzpumpen. Zudem ist der Heizwert bezogen auf die Grundkomponente Dieselkraftstoff um mehr als die Hälfte geringer und die solchen Mischungen eigene Cetanzahl als Mass für die Zündwilligkeit stark vermindert, wenn nicht unzureichend für den runden Lauf eines handelsüblichen Dieselmotors.It is also known to operate diesel engines with mixtures of alcohols and ethers (see e.g. Wo-A-8100721). Methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol are proposed as alcohols; Mixtures of dimethyl ether and methanol are preferred. With these mixtures it has been found necessary to feed the two components separately to the cylinder, e.g. via the intake air and through the usual injection pumps. In addition, the calorific value, based on the basic component of diesel fuel, is more than half lower and the mixture's own cetane number as a measure of the ignitability is greatly reduced, if not insufficient for the smooth running of a commercially available diesel engine.
Die vorliegende Erfindung vermeidet die Schwierigkeiten und Nachteile der bekannten, Äther enthaltenden Dieselkraftstoffe und zeichnet sich durch ein gegenüber üblichen Dieselkraftstoffen verbessertes Verbrennungsverhalten und damit eine erhöhte Nutzleistung und einen verringerten Schadstoffausstoss der damit betriebenen Motoren aus.The present invention avoids the difficulties and disadvantages of the known, ether-containing diesel fuels and is distinguished by an improved combustion behavior compared to conventional diesel fuels and thus an increased useful output and a reduced pollutant emissions of the engines operated therewith.
Erreicht werden diese und weitere, sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung ergebende Vorteile erfindungsgemäss durch den Zusatz eines oder mehrerer Äther der allgemeinen Formel RI-O-C(CH3)2-R2 zum Dieselkraftstoff, wobei RI und R2. jeweils einen Methyl-, Ethyl-, n-Propyl-, 2-Propyl-, 1-Butyl- oder 2-Butylrest bedeuten. RI und R2 können gleich oder verschieden sein. Besonders brauchbar sind Methyl-tert.-butyläther (2-Methoxy-2-methylpropan), Methyl-tert.-amy- läther (2-Methoxy-2-methylbutan), Isopropyl- tert.-butyläther (2-(2'-Propoxy)-2-methylpro- pan), sec.-Butyl-tert.-butyläther (2-(2'-Butoxy)-2-methylpropan), Methyl-tert.-2,3-dimethylbuty- läther (2-Methoxy-2,3-dimethyl- butan) und Methyl-tert.-2-methylpentyläther (2-Methoxy-2-met- hylpentan). Bevorzugt werden Äthergemische, die bis zu 90 Vol.% eines der genannten Äther enthalten. Insbesondere beträgt der Gehalt des Zusatzes an Methyl-tert.-butyläther 5-50 Vol.%, an Methyl-tert.-amyläther 5-50 Vol.%, an Isopropyl-tert.-butyläther 5-50 Vol.%, an sec.-Butyl- tert.-butyläther 5-50 Vol.%, an Methyl- tert.-2,3-dimethyl-butyläther 5-50 Vol.% und an Methyl-tert.-2-methylpentyl-äther 5-50 Vol.%.According to the invention, these and further advantages resulting from the following description are achieved by adding one or more ethers of the general formula R I -OC (CH 3 ) 2 -R 2 to the diesel fuel, R I and R2. each represent a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl or 2-butyl radical. R I and R 2 may be the same or different. Particularly useful are methyl tert-butyl ether (2-methoxy-2-methyl propane), methyl tert-amyl ether (2-methoxy-2-methyl butane), isopropyl tert-butyl ether (2- (2'- Propoxy) -2-methylpropane), sec-butyl tert-butyl ether (2- (2'-butoxy) -2-methyl propane), methyl tert-2,3-dimethylbutyl ether (2-methoxy -2,3-dimethylbutane) and methyl tert-2-methylpentyl ether (2-methoxy-2-methylpentane). Ether mixtures which contain up to 90% by volume of one of the stated ethers are preferred. In particular, the content of the addition of methyl tert-butyl ether is 5-50 vol.%, Of methyl tert.-amyl ether 5-50 vol.%, Of isopropyl tert-butyl ether 5-50 vol.%, Of sec .-Butyl tert-butyl ether 5-50 vol.%, Methyl tert-2,3-dimethyl-butyl ether 5-50 vol.% And methyl tert-2-methylpentyl ether 5-50 vol .%.
Es ist zwar bekannt, vorstehend genannte Äther, insbesondere Methyl-tert.-butyläther Vergaserkraftstoffen zuzusetzen. Hieraus konnte jedoch nicht auf die Eignung der Äther als Zusatzstoffe für Dieselkraftstoffe geschlossen werden. Zum einen ist die Klopffestigkeit des Kraftstoffes bei Dieselmotoren nicht wesentlich; zum anderen ist ein bestimmtes Selbstzündungsvermögen und eine gewisse Verdampfungsgeschwindigkeit bei guten Lösungseigenschaften für Dieselkraftstoff notwendig.It is known to add the aforementioned ethers, in particular methyl tert-butyl ether, to gasoline fuels. However, it was not possible to conclude from this that the ether was suitable as an additive for diesel fuels. Firstly, the knock resistance of the fuel is not essential in diesel engines; on the other hand, a certain auto-ignition capacity and a certain evaporation rate with good solution properties for diesel fuel are necessary.
Die günstigen Wirkungen treten bereits bei relativ geringen Zusatzmengen von 2, vorzugsweise 5 Vol.% des Äthergemisches zu Dieselkraftstoff auf. Die erfindungsgemäss dem Dieselkraftstoff zuzufügenden Äther können durch einfache Verfahren aus den bei der Erdölgewinnung und -verarbeitung anfallenden, unter Normalbedingungen gasförmigen oder leicht flüchtigen Kohlenwasserstoffen hergestellt und in grossen Mengen zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Es ist daher durchaus möglich, Dieselkraftstoff mit den erfindungsgemässen Zusätzen herzustellen, der bis zu 40, vorzugsweise bis zu 25 Vol.% aus dem Äthergemisch besteht.The beneficial effects already occur with relatively small additions of 2, preferably 5% by volume of the ether mixture to diesel fuel. The ethers to be added to the diesel fuel according to the invention can be produced by simple processes from the hydrocarbons which are obtained during the extraction and processing of crude oil and are gaseous or volatile under normal conditions and can be made available in large quantities. It is therefore entirely possible to produce diesel fuel with the additives according to the invention, which consists of up to 40, preferably up to 25% by volume of the ether mixture.
Üblicher Dieselkraftstoff enthält Cycloparaffine und mehrkernige Aromaten, die bei der Verbrennung zur Bildung von Russpartikeln neigen. Die Einhaltung einer vorgeschriebenen Rauchbildungszahl (Russzahl, Smoke-unit) erfordert gegenüber dem stöchiometrischen Verhältnis Kraftstoff/Luft einen Luftüberschuss und vermindert damit die maximal freisetzbare Energie pro verbrauchter Masse Dieselkraftstoff. Durch den erfindungsgemässen Ätherzusatz wird die Russbildungszahl stark erniedrigt, wodurch die Herabsetzung des Luftüberschusses möglich ist. Dies führt zu einer Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades und damit der Nutzleistung des Motors durch höheren Mitteldruck. Zugleich wird die absolute Abgasmenge verringert und der Schadstoffausstoss, insbesondere die NOx-Emission reduziert. Ausserdem zeichnet sich der in verringerter Konzentration emittierte Russ dadurch aus, dass die extrahierbaren karzinogenen Anteile polyzyklischer Aromaten ganz wesentlich vermindert sind.Common diesel fuel contains cycloparaffins and multinuclear aromatics, which tend to form soot particles during combustion. Complying with a prescribed smoke formation number (soot number, smoke unit) requires an excess of air compared to the stoichiometric ratio of fuel / air and thus reduces the maximum energy that can be released per mass of diesel fuel consumed. The addition of ether according to the invention greatly reduces the soot formation number, which makes it possible to reduce the excess air. This leads to an increase in the efficiency and thus the useful output of the engine through higher medium pressure. At the same time, the absolute amount of exhaust gas is reduced and pollutant emissions, in particular NO x emissions, are reduced. In addition, the soot emitted in reduced concentration is characterized by the fact that the extractable carcinogenic components of polycyclic aromatics are significantly reduced.
Da die als Zusatzstoffe eingesetzten Äther praktisch schwefelfrei sind, verringert sich der absolute Schwefelgehalt im Dieselkraftstoff. Die geringere Rauchneigung und der kleinere S02-Gehalt bewirken eine geringere Motorölverschmutzung und damit eine längere Standzeit des Motoröls.Since the ether used as additives is practically sulfur-free, the absolute sulfur content in diesel fuel is reduced. The lower tendency to smoke and the lower S0 2 content result in less engine oil contamination and thus a longer service life of the engine oil.
Die erfindungsgemäss dem Dieselkraftstoff zugesetzten Äthergemische können weiterhin als Lösungsvermittler für Alkohole, insbesondere Methanol und Äthanol dienen. Sie ermöglichen es, Alkohole mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, z.B. Methanol, Äthanol, Isopropanol, Butanol, sec.-Butanol und tert.-Butanol einzeln oder in Mischung, sogar mit geringen Wassergehalten, dem Dieselkraftstoff zuzusetzen, wobei die Alkoholgehalte des Kraftstoffes 2 bis 40, vorzugsweise 5 bis 25 Vol.% betragen. Hierdurch lassen sich z.B. aus Biomasse gewonnene Alkohole in grösseren Mengen als Dieselölzusätze nutzen.The ether mixtures added to the diesel fuel according to the invention can also serve as solubilizers for alcohols, in particular methanol and ethanol. They make it possible to add alcohols with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, e.g. methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, sec-butanol and tert-butanol, individually or in a mixture, even with low water content, to the diesel fuel, the alcohol content of the fuel being 2 to 40, preferably two se 5 to 25 vol.%. As a result, alcohols obtained from biomass can be used in larger quantities as diesel oil additives.
Beim Zusatz von Alkoholen neben den erfindungsgemässen Äthern ist darauf zu achten, dass der Gehalt des Kraftstoffes an Kohlenwasserstoffen mindestens 40, vorzugsweise mehr als 50 Vol.% beträgt.When adding alcohols in addition to the ethers according to the invention, care must be taken to ensure that the hydrocarbon content of the fuel is at least 40, preferably more than 50% by volume.
Es ist zwar bekannt, Dieselkraftstoffen Alkohole unter Verwendung von Lösungsvermittlern zuzumischen. Die bisher hierfür vorgeschlagenen Lösungsvermittler werden jedoch durch ein aufwendiges Verfahren hergestellt und sind daher nicht ohne weiteres in den benötigten grösseren Mengen verfügbar. Auch fehlt den bisher als Lösungsvermittler in Betracht gezogenen Substanzen die Eigenschaft, das Verbrennungsverhalten von Dieselkraftstoffen günstig zu beeinflussen, wie dies bei den erfindungsgemässen Äthern der Fall ist.It is known to add alcohols to diesel fuels using solubilizers. However, the solubilizers previously proposed for this purpose are produced by a complex process and are therefore not readily available in the larger quantities required. The substances previously considered as solubilizers also lack the property of favorably influencing the combustion behavior of diesel fuels, as is the case with the ethers according to the invention.
Als Mischungskomponente für die Herstellung der erfindungsgemässen Kraftstoffe und als Basis für die Vergleichsversuche wurde ein handelsüblicher Dieselkraftstoff mit den in Tabelle 1 aufgeführten Eigenschaften verwendet.A commercially available diesel fuel with the properties listed in Table 1 was used as the mixture component for the production of the fuels according to the invention and as the basis for the comparative tests.
Aus der Grundkomponente und Äther- bzw. Alkoholzusätzen wurden durch Mischung die in Tabelle 2 aufgeführten acht erfindungsgemässen Dieselkraftstoffe hergestellt, die die dort angegebenen Eigenschaften aufweisen.
Hierbei bedeuten
- DK: Grundkomponente gemäss Tabelle 1,
- BI: Gemisch aus 90 Vol.% Methyl-tert.-butyl- äther, Isopropyl-tert.-butyläther, sec.-Butyl-tert.-butyläther (im Volumen-Verhältnis 1:1 :1) und 10 Vol.% Methanol, Isopropanol, sec.-Butanol (im Volumen-Verhältnis 1:1:1),
- B2: sec.-Butyl-tert.-butyläther,
- M: Methanol,
- E: Ethanol
- DK: basic component according to Table 1,
- B I : mixture of 90% by volume methyl tert-butyl ether, isopropyl tert-butyl ether, sec-butyl tert-butyl ether (in a volume ratio of 1: 1: 1) and 10% by volume Methanol, isopropanol, sec-butanol (in a volume ratio of 1: 1: 1),
- B 2 : sec-butyl-tert-butyl ether,
- M: methanol,
- E: ethanol
* Bei der Bestimmung der Cetanzahl wurde den Kraftstoffen gemäss Beispiel 1, 3 und 7 als Zündbeschleuniger 0,5, 3,5 bzw. 2,0 Gew.% (bezogen auf den Kraftstoff) Di-sec.-butyl-para-phenyldi- amin zugesetzt. * When determining the cetane number, the fuels according to Examples 1, 3 and 7 as ignition accelerators were 0.5, 3.5 and 2.0% by weight (based on the fuel) di-sec.-butyl-para-phenyldi amine added.
Die Vergleichsversuche der erfindungsgemässen Dieselkraftstoffe mit handelsüblichem Kraftstoff wurden mit handelsüblichen Dieselmotoren (Daimler Benz Typ 240 D und VW Typ Golf D) vorgenommen. Zur Vergleichbarkeit der Messergebnisse wurde die Leistung bei festen Drehzahlen (4400 bzw. 4800 min -1) bei Verwendung der verschiedenen Mischungen so eingestellt, dass die mit dem Grund-Dieselkraftstoff erzielte Leistung erreicht wurde.The comparative tests of the diesel fuels according to the invention with commercially available fuel were carried out with commercially available diesel engines (Daimler Benz Type 240 D and VW Type Golf D). In order to compare the measurement results, the performance at fixed speeds (4400 or 4800 min - 1 ) was set using the different mixtures in such a way that the performance achieved with the basic diesel fuel was achieved.
Die Bosch-Zahl (BZ) als Mass der Abgasschwärze und der spezifische Energieverbrauch wurden mit einem Daimler-Benz-MotorTyp 240 D bei 4400 min-i und einer Leistung von 47,3 kW bestimmt. In Tabelle 3 sind Bosch-Zahl und spezifischer Energieverbrauch des Grund-Dieselkraftstoffes (0) und der Mischungen nach Beispiel 1 bis 8 zusammengestellt.
Aus Tabelle 3 wird ersichtlich, dass Verbesserungen der Bosch-Zahl als Mass für die Russbildung bis zu 62% gegenüber konventionellem Dieselkraftstoff erzielt werden. Bereits Mischungen, deren Gehalt an den erfindungsgemässen Komponenten nur 10 Vol.% beträgt, weisen Bosch-Zahlen auf, die bis zu 38% vermindert sind.Table 3 shows that improvements in the Bosch number as a measure of Russbil up to 62% compared to conventional diesel fuel. Even mixtures whose content of the components according to the invention is only 10% by volume have Bosch numbers which are reduced by up to 38%.
Ausserdem zeigt sich, dass der spezifische Energieverbrauch trotz geringerer Heizwerte der erfindungsgemässen Mischungen ebenso gut oder in den meisten Fällen niedriger ist als bei Verwendung des Grund-Dieselkraftstoffes.It also shows that the specific energy consumption, despite the lower calorific values of the mixtures according to the invention, is just as good or in most cases lower than when the basic diesel fuel is used.
Die NOx-Werte im Abgas wurden mit einem handelsüblichen VW-Motor Typ Golf D bei einer Leistung von 31,4 kW bei 4800 min-1 ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 4 dargestellt.
Aus Tabelle 4 ist zu entnehmen, dass die erfindungsgemässen Dieselkraftstoffe im Abgas zu einer Verminderung der Stickoxid-Konzentration bis zu 26% (bezogen auf handelsüblichen Dieselkraftstoff) führen.It can be seen from Table 4 that the diesel fuels according to the invention in the exhaust gas lead to a reduction in the nitrogen oxide concentration of up to 26% (based on commercially available diesel fuel).
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT82109266T ATE18919T1 (en) | 1981-10-10 | 1982-10-07 | DIESEL FUEL. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19813140382 DE3140382A1 (en) | 1981-10-10 | 1981-10-10 | DIESEL FUEL |
| DE3140382 | 1981-10-10 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0077027A2 EP0077027A2 (en) | 1983-04-20 |
| EP0077027A3 EP0077027A3 (en) | 1984-04-25 |
| EP0077027B1 true EP0077027B1 (en) | 1986-04-02 |
Family
ID=6143882
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP82109266A Expired EP0077027B1 (en) | 1981-10-10 | 1982-10-07 | Diesel fuel |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0077027B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5874789A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE18919T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8205904A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1180895A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3140382A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK153225C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES516382A0 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI75592C (en) |
| GR (1) | GR76994B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE53445B1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX162435A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO160145C (en) |
| PT (1) | PT75662B (en) |
| TR (1) | TR22309A (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58208389A (en) * | 1982-05-31 | 1983-12-05 | Komatsu Ltd | Alcohol blended fuel for diesel engine |
| JPS6357691A (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1988-03-12 | ポラ− モレクラ− コ−ポレ−シヨン | Fuel conditioner |
| JPH01201393A (en) * | 1988-02-05 | 1989-08-14 | Takara Co Ltd | Diesel engine fuel for toy |
| JPH0393894A (en) * | 1989-09-06 | 1991-04-18 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | Lead-free high-performance gasoline |
| US5314511A (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1994-05-24 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Diesel fuel |
| US5425790A (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1995-06-20 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Diesel fuel |
| US5308365A (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1994-05-03 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Diesel fuel |
| AU1420600A (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2001-04-10 | Agrofuel Ab | Motor fuel for diesel engines |
| UA85188C2 (en) | 2003-06-24 | 2009-01-12 | Михиель Арьян Коземакер | Oxygen-containing compound as fuel additive, in particular in diesel fuels, gasoline and rapeseed methyl ether, the process for preparation thereof and fuel, containing it |
| ES2894347T3 (en) | 2016-09-21 | 2022-02-14 | Cepsa S A U | Solketal ethers, production method and uses thereof |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR828020A (en) * | 1936-11-05 | 1938-05-09 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Engine fuel |
| FR829581A (en) * | 1936-12-18 | 1938-06-30 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Engine fuel |
| BE786624A (en) * | 1971-07-31 | 1973-01-24 | Snam Progetti | PROCESS FOR REDUCING THE CARBON OXIDE CONTENT OF THE EXHAUST GASES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
| EP0020012A1 (en) * | 1979-05-14 | 1980-12-10 | Aeci Ltd | Fuel and method of running an engine |
| WO1981000721A1 (en) * | 1979-09-10 | 1981-03-19 | Wer R | Universal fuel for engines |
| US4332594A (en) * | 1980-01-22 | 1982-06-01 | Chrysler Corporation | Fuels for internal combustion engines |
| EP0036260B2 (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1988-12-14 | The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. | Preparation of a motor spirit blending component |
| US4353710A (en) * | 1980-03-26 | 1982-10-12 | Texaco Inc. | Novel method of extending a hydrocarbon fuel heavier than gasoline by adding a methoxy or ethoxy group |
| JPS5819389A (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1983-02-04 | Reametaru:Kk | Reforming of a fuel oil |
-
1981
- 1981-10-10 DE DE19813140382 patent/DE3140382A1/en active Granted
-
1982
- 1982-09-03 TR TR6933A patent/TR22309A/en unknown
- 1982-10-05 GR GR69444A patent/GR76994B/el unknown
- 1982-10-05 CA CA000412887A patent/CA1180895A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-10-07 DE DE8282109266T patent/DE3270279D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-10-07 EP EP82109266A patent/EP0077027B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-10-07 AT AT82109266T patent/ATE18919T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-10-08 DK DK446182A patent/DK153225C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-10-08 BR BR8205904A patent/BR8205904A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-10-08 JP JP57176457A patent/JPS5874789A/en active Granted
- 1982-10-08 ES ES516382A patent/ES516382A0/en active Granted
- 1982-10-08 PT PT75662A patent/PT75662B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-10-08 NO NO823376A patent/NO160145C/en unknown
- 1982-10-08 MX MX194722A patent/MX162435A/en unknown
- 1982-10-08 IE IE2442/82A patent/IE53445B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-10-08 FI FI823426A patent/FI75592C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3140382C2 (en) | 1990-04-12 |
| FI75592C (en) | 1988-07-11 |
| ES8307886A1 (en) | 1983-07-16 |
| DE3140382A1 (en) | 1983-04-21 |
| FI823426L (en) | 1983-04-11 |
| PT75662A (en) | 1982-11-01 |
| PT75662B (en) | 1985-01-11 |
| BR8205904A (en) | 1983-09-06 |
| FI75592B (en) | 1988-03-31 |
| EP0077027A2 (en) | 1983-04-20 |
| DK153225B (en) | 1988-06-27 |
| TR22309A (en) | 1987-01-20 |
| EP0077027A3 (en) | 1984-04-25 |
| JPH036958B2 (en) | 1991-01-31 |
| CA1180895A (en) | 1985-01-15 |
| ES516382A0 (en) | 1983-07-16 |
| MX162435A (en) | 1991-05-10 |
| IE822442L (en) | 1983-04-10 |
| DK446182A (en) | 1983-04-11 |
| NO160145C (en) | 1989-03-15 |
| ATE18919T1 (en) | 1986-04-15 |
| NO160145B (en) | 1988-12-05 |
| JPS5874789A (en) | 1983-05-06 |
| DE3270279D1 (en) | 1986-05-07 |
| DK153225C (en) | 1988-12-05 |
| NO823376L (en) | 1983-04-11 |
| GR76994B (en) | 1984-09-04 |
| FI823426A0 (en) | 1982-10-08 |
| IE53445B1 (en) | 1988-11-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0064253B2 (en) | Gasoline | |
| DE60011393T2 (en) | FUEL FORMULATIONS FOR EXTENDING THE MAGNUM BURNING LIMIT | |
| EP0077027B1 (en) | Diesel fuel | |
| DE3826797A1 (en) | FUEL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING POLYCARBONIC ACIDIC LOW-CHAIN ALCOHOLS | |
| DE69931014T2 (en) | Base oil for diesel fuel and compositions containing it | |
| WO1994021753A1 (en) | Liquid fuels | |
| DE2555921C2 (en) | Multipurpose additive mixture for gasoline and a fuel mixture containing them | |
| DE2235936A1 (en) | METHOD FOR REDUCING THE CARBON MONOXYDE CONTENT OF COMBUSTION ENGINE EXHAUST GAS | |
| DE3140238A1 (en) | POLYNITROALKYL ADDITIVES FOR LIQUID HYDROCARBON ENGINE FUELS | |
| EP0543225B1 (en) | Carbamate compounds, process for their manufacture and fuels and lubricants containing these carbamates | |
| EP0501097A1 (en) | Fuel for internal combustion engines and application of methylformate | |
| DE3146767A1 (en) | AZIDO COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE IN LIQUID CARBON-BASED LIQUID ENGINE FUELS | |
| DE2911411A1 (en) | Non-petroleum diesel fuels - based on lower alkyl acetal and/or cyclododecatriene | |
| DE2447345A1 (en) | Anti-knock motor fuels contg. alcohols - with addn. of acetals, esters, iron carbonyl and soluble manganese cpds. | |
| DE2444528A1 (en) | FUEL FOR ENGINES WITH SPARK IGNITION AND ADDITIVES FOR THESE | |
| DE69033497T3 (en) | NEW HYDROCARBON FUEL, METHOD OF MANUFACTURE AND USE | |
| DE1077480B (en) | Diesel fuel | |
| EP0484736A1 (en) | Fuels for spark ignition engines | |
| DD144791A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HIGH-OXANAN FUEL | |
| DE2363848A1 (en) | METHOD OF OPERATING OTTO AND ROTARY PISTON ENGINES | |
| AT212476B (en) | Fuel for internal combustion engines, in particular for carburetor machines | |
| DD140359A1 (en) | BLEAR ARMS FUEL COMPOSITION FOR OTTOMOTORS | |
| DE2331214A1 (en) | ALKALIMETAL SALT OF ALKYL AND DIALKYLAMINO ALKYLPHENOLS AND THEIR USE | |
| DE3044687A1 (en) | Prepn . of high octane fuel substitute for IC engine - using methanol based mixt. for smoke-free exhaust | |
| DE3432762A1 (en) | Additive mixture for carburettor fuels |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
| ITCL | It: translation for ep claims filed |
Representative=s name: STUDIO JAUMANN |
|
| EL | Fr: translation of claims filed | ||
| TCNL | Nl: translation of patent claims filed | ||
| PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: VEBA OEL AG |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19840813 |
|
| ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: STUDIO JAUMANN |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 18919 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19860415 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3270279 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19860507 |
|
| ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
| ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed | ||
| ITTA | It: last paid annual fee | ||
| EPTA | Lu: last paid annual fee | ||
| EAL | Se: european patent in force in sweden |
Ref document number: 82109266.5 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19970711 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19970904 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19970908 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19970919 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19970923 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19971020 Year of fee payment: 16 Ref country code: CH Payment date: 19971020 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19971031 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 19971118 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981007 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981007 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981007 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981008 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981031 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981031 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981031 |
|
| BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: VEBA OEL A.G. Effective date: 19981031 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19990501 |
|
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19981007 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
| EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 82109266.5 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19990630 |
|
| NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 19990501 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19990803 |