JPH036958B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH036958B2 JPH036958B2 JP57176457A JP17645782A JPH036958B2 JP H036958 B2 JPH036958 B2 JP H036958B2 JP 57176457 A JP57176457 A JP 57176457A JP 17645782 A JP17645782 A JP 17645782A JP H036958 B2 JPH036958 B2 JP H036958B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- volume
- ether
- methyl
- butyl
- tert
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- HNFSPSWQNZVCTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-propan-2-yloxypropane Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)(C)C HNFSPSWQNZVCTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WMZNUJPPIPVIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]butane Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)(C)C WMZNUJPPIPVIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- HVZJRWJGKQPSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-Amyl methyl ether Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)OC HVZJRWJGKQPSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 methyl- Chemical group 0.000 claims 4
- ONDPFGDSSWLAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-dimethylbutoxy)-2,3-dimethylbutane Chemical group CC(C)C(C)COCC(C)C(C)C ONDPFGDSSWLAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- AQEFLFZSWDEAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(C)(C)C AQEFLFZSWDEAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AOPDRZXCEAKHHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentoxypentane Chemical compound CCCCCOCCCCC AOPDRZXCEAKHHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PWRRZALULPEHOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpentoxy)pentane Chemical compound CCCC(C)COCC(C)CCC PWRRZALULPEHOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 11
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- CQORYVKHJKAITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-2,3-dimethylbutane Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C(C)C CQORYVKHJKAITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIMZJBAYACLZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-2-methylbutane Chemical compound COC(C)(CC)C.COC(C)(C)CC ZIMZJBAYACLZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPMDGMWQQNLUIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C.COC(C)(C)C JPMDGMWQQNLUIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001346 alkyl aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005218 dimethyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
度々、ジーゼル動力エンジンから放出される排
気は、煙および煤を許容できない濃度で含有して
いる。煙および煤を形成する傾向は、エーテルお
よび有機酸の金属塩を混合した燃料を利用するこ
とによつて低下させることができる。塩は、周期
律表第族の金属、特にバリウムから製造され
る。エーテルはグリコールのモノーおよびジアル
キルエーテル、特にエチレングリコールのモノー
およびジメチルエーテルを含有している。しかし
ながらかゝる混合物は非常に高価でありそしてこ
のものが煤を減少させる効果は比較的僅かであ
る。塩類と混合した燃料の悪い性質には、環境に
受け入れられないということがある。
ジーゼル機関は、アルコール類およびエーテル
類と混合したジーゼル燃料にて首尾よく運転して
来た。アルコール類にはメタノール、エタノー
ル、ｎ−プロパノールおよびｎ−ブタノールが含
まれる。最も大きい利益はジメチルエーテルおよ
びメタノールと混合した燃料から得られる。所望
の結果を達成するに充分な濃度で上記アルコール
類を含有する混合物は混合し難いので、混合成分
およびジーゼル燃料を別々に例えば吸い込む空気
中に通例の噴射ポンプによつて噴射することが必
要である。不利益なのは、各混合成分の発熱量が
ジーゼル燃料のそれの半分より少ないことおよび
かゝる混合物のセタン価が非常に減少するかまた
は市販のジーゼル機関を滑らかに運転するのに不
適当でさえあることである。
本発明は、上記添加物を含有する慣習的ジーゼ
ル燃料の難点および不利益を回避しそしてジーゼ
ル燃料の改善された燃焼特性を顕著にすることで
ある。結果として、機械的効果が改善されそして
排気中の有害物質の放出が非常に低下する。
本発明によれば、これらの長所並びにその他の
長所が一般式
R1−Ｏ−Ｃ（CH3）2−R2
〔式中、R1およびR2がメチル−，エチル−，ｎ
−プロピル−，２−プロピル−，１−ブチル−ま
たは２−ブチル基である〕。
で表わされる１種以上のエーテル類をジーゼル燃
料に添加することによつて達成される。更に、事
情によつてはR2は水素であつてもよい。R1とR2
とは同じであつても異なつていてもよい。特にメ
チル−第３−ブチルエーテル（２−メトキシ−２
−メチル−プロパン）、メチル−第３−アミルエ
ーテル（２−メトキシ−２−メチルブタン）、イ
ソプロピル−第３−ブチルエーテル（２−（2′−
プロポキシ）−２−メチルプロパン）、第２−ブチ
ル−第３−ブチルエーテル（２−（2′−ブトキシ）
−２−メチルプロパン）、メチル−第３−２，３
−ジメチルプチルエーテル（２−メトキシ−２，
３−ジメチルブタン）およびメチル−第３−２−
メチルペンチルエーテル（２−メトキシ−２−メ
チルペンタン）が有用である。90容量％までの上
記エーテル類の１種類を含有しているエーテル混
合物が有利である。
更に、上記の一般式で表される複数のエーテル
より成る添加物がメチル−第三−ブチルエーテ
ル、イソプロピル−第三−ブチルエーテルおよび
第二−ブチル−第三−ブチルエーテルを約１：
１：１の容量比で含有する、炭化水素を基礎とす
るジーゼル燃料が特に有利である。特に、５〜50
容量％のメチル−第３−ブチルエーテル、５〜50
容量％のメチル−第３−アミルエーテル、５〜50
容量％のイソプロピル−第３−ブチルエーテル、
５〜50容量％の第２−ブチル−第３−ブチルエー
テル、５〜50容量％メチル−第３−２，３−ジメ
チルブチルエーテルおよび５〜50容量％のメチル
−第３−２−メチルペンチルエーテルを含む混合
物に興味がもたれる。
上述のエーテル、特にメチル−第三−ブチルエ
ーテルを気化燃料に添加することは確かに公知で
ある。しかしながらジーゼル燃料の為の添加物と
してエーテルが適することはこのことから推定で
きなかつた。例えば、ジーゼル機関の場合には燃
料のアンチノツク性は重要ではない。良好な溶解
特性のものでの一定の発火性および一定の蒸発速
度が必要とされる。
最も有利な効果が既に、ジーゼル燃料に５容量
％の比較的僅かな添加量でエーテル混合物を添加
した場合に生じる。ジーゼル燃料に本発明に従つ
て添加するエーテルは、原油精製および−加工の
際に生じる標準条件のもとでガス状または高揮発
性の炭化水素から簡単な方法で製造でき、大量に
入手できる。それ故に、25容量％までがエーテル
混合物である本発明の添加物を含むジーゼル燃料
を製造することも可能である。
慣用のジーゼル燃料は、燃焼する際に煤粒子を
形成する傾向のあるシクロパラフインおよび多核
芳香族化合物を含有している。提示された煙発生
値（煤価）を維持するには、燃料と空気との化学
量論比に比べて空気を過剰にすることが必要とさ
れ、これによつて消費されるジーゼル燃料あたり
の最大エネルギー出力が低下する。本発明のエー
テル添加量は煤発生値を著しく低下させ、それに
よつて過剰空気量を減らすことを可能とする。こ
のことは効率を向上させそしてそれによつて高い
平均圧のもとで機関の実用効率を向上させる。同
時に排ガス絶対量が減少しそして有害物質放出
量、特にNOxの放出量が減少する。更に、煤の
放出量の減少が、発がん性成分の多核芳香族化合
物が著しく減少するという特徴に結び付く。
添加物として用いるエーテルは実質的に硫黄を
含有していないので、ジーゼル燃料中の硫黄の絶
対含有量を減少させる。低い煙発生傾向および少
ないSO2−含有量が機関オイルの汚れを少なくし
且つ機関オイルの使用寿命を延ばす。
ジーゼル燃料に本発明に従つて加えられるエー
テル混合物は更に、アルコール類、特にメタノー
ルおよびエタノールの為の溶媒として役立つ。炭
素原子数１〜４のアルコール類、例えばメタノー
ル、エタノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノー
ル、第二ブタノールおよび第三ブタノールを単独
でまたは混合状態で−それどころか水を含んでい
てもよい−ジーゼル燃料に添加することを可能と
する。この場合、アルコール含有量は５〜25容量
％である。これによつて例えば、バイオマスから
得られたアルコールをジーゼル油添加物として多
量に利用できる。
炭素原子数１〜４のアルコールを、エーテルあ
るいはエーテル／アルコール混合物を含有する炭
化水素をベースとするジーゼル燃料に添加する場
合には、添加量に関して以下の角頂点が適用され
る：
ａ） ０容量％のアルコール添加量の場合には５
〜25容量％のエーテル−あるいはエーテル混合
物添加量であり、
ｂ） C1〜C4−アルコール全部の量が6.65容量％
の場合にエーテル＋アルコール添加量が21.5容
量％であり、その際加えるアルコールのメタノ
ール含有量が5.55容量％でありそしてエーテル
量の下限値が下変的に５容量％である。
上記アルコールはジーゼル燃料中に低濃度で混
合でき、ジーゼル燃料へのエーテルの添加はジー
ゼル燃料成分として上記のアルコールを多量に利
用することを許容する。エーテル／アルコール／
ジーゼル燃料−混合物を製造する時には、エーテ
ル＋アルコールの量が混合ジーゼル燃料の60容量
％より多くあるべきでない。有利な混合物は50％
以上のジーゼル燃料を含有している。
アルコールを含有するジーゼル燃料の製造の為
に、複雑な方法によつて製造されるソリユタイザ
ーは有利に使用されるとは云え、多量に容易に入
手できない。更に、用いたソリユタイザーはジー
ゼル燃料の燃焼特性に効果がない。本発明に従う
エーテルと同じ好ましい方法で行なう。
実施例
混合燃料の基礎として用いた市販のジーゼル燃
料の特性を第１表に示す。
Often, the exhaust emitted from diesel-powered engines contains smoke and soot in unacceptable concentrations. The tendency to form smoke and soot can be reduced by utilizing fuels mixed with ethers and metal salts of organic acids. The salt is produced from a metal from group of the periodic table, especially barium. Ethers include mono and dialkyl ethers of glycols, especially mono and dimethyl ethers of ethylene glycol. However, such mixtures are very expensive and have relatively little soot reduction effect. Among the negative properties of fuels mixed with salts is that they are not accepted by the environment. Diesel engines have been successfully operated on diesel fuel mixed with alcohols and ethers. Alcohols include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol. The greatest benefits are obtained from fuels mixed with dimethyl ether and methanol. Since mixtures containing the above alcohols in sufficient concentrations to achieve the desired result are difficult to mix, it is necessary to inject the mixture components and the diesel fuel separately, for example by means of a conventional injection pump, into the suction air. be. A disadvantage is that the calorific value of each mixture component is less than half that of the diesel fuel and the cetane number of such mixtures is greatly reduced or even unsuitable for smooth operation of commercial diesel engines. It is a certain thing. The present invention is to avoid the disadvantages and disadvantages of conventional diesel fuels containing the above additives and to highlight improved combustion properties of diesel fuels. As a result, the mechanical efficiency is improved and the emission of harmful substances in the exhaust gas is greatly reduced. According to the invention, these and other advantages can be achieved by combining the general formula R 1 -O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -R 2 [wherein R 1 and R 2 are methyl-, ethyl-, n
-propyl-, 2-propyl-, 1-butyl- or 2-butyl group]. This is achieved by adding one or more ethers represented by to diesel fuel. Furthermore, R 2 may be hydrogen under certain circumstances. R1 and R2
may be the same or different. In particular, methyl-tert-butyl ether (2-methoxy-2
-methyl-propane), methyl-tert-amyl ether (2-methoxy-2-methylbutane), isopropyl-tert-butyl ether (2-(2'-
propoxy)-2-methylpropane), 2-(2'-butoxy), 2-butyl-tert-butyl ether (2-(2'-butoxy)
-2-methylpropane), methyl-3-2,3
-dimethylbutyl ether (2-methoxy-2,
3-dimethylbutane) and methyl-3-2-
Methylpentyl ether (2-methoxy-2-methylpentane) is useful. Preference is given to ether mixtures containing up to 90% by volume of one of the abovementioned ethers. Furthermore, an additive consisting of a plurality of ethers represented by the above general formula may contain methyl-tert-butyl ether, isopropyl-tert-butyl ether, and sec-butyl-tert-butyl ether in about 1:
Hydrocarbon-based diesel fuels containing a 1:1 volume ratio are particularly advantageous. In particular, 5 to 50
% by volume methyl-tert-butyl ether, 5-50
Volume % methyl-tertiary-amyl ether, 5-50
% by volume of isopropyl-tert-butyl ether,
5-50% by volume of 2-butyl-tert-butyl ether, 5-50% by volume of methyl-3-2,3-dimethylbutyl ether and 5-50% by volume of methyl-3-2-methylpentyl ether. We are interested in the mixtures that contain them. It is indeed known to add the abovementioned ethers, in particular methyl tert-butyl ether, to vaporized fuels. However, the suitability of ether as an additive for diesel fuel could not be deduced from this. For example, in the case of diesel engines, the anti-knock nature of the fuel is not important. A certain ignition property and a certain evaporation rate with good dissolution properties are required. The most advantageous effects already occur when the ether mixture is added to the diesel fuel in a relatively small addition of 5% by volume. The ethers added according to the invention to diesel fuels can be produced in a simple manner from gaseous or highly volatile hydrocarbons under standard conditions occurring during crude oil refining and processing and are available in large quantities. It is therefore also possible to produce diesel fuels containing the additives of the invention in which up to 25% by volume are ether mixtures. Conventional diesel fuel contains cycloparaffins and polynuclear aromatic compounds that tend to form soot particles when burned. To maintain the smoke emission value (soot value) suggested, an excess of air is required compared to the stoichiometric ratio of fuel to air, which reduces the amount of air per unit of diesel fuel consumed. Maximum energy output is reduced. The ether addition according to the invention makes it possible to significantly reduce the soot production values and thereby reduce the amount of excess air. This increases efficiency and thereby increases the practical efficiency of the engine under high average pressures. At the same time, the absolute amount of exhaust gas is reduced and the emissions of harmful substances, especially NO x , are reduced. Furthermore, the reduction in soot emissions is coupled with the characteristic that the carcinogenic component polynuclear aromatic compounds is significantly reduced. The ether used as an additive is substantially sulfur-free and thus reduces the absolute sulfur content in the diesel fuel. The low tendency to smoke and the low SO 2 -content result in less fouling of the engine oil and a longer service life of the engine oil. The ether mixture added according to the invention to the diesel fuel also serves as a solvent for alcohols, in particular methanol and ethanol. Addition of alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, sec-butanol and tertiary-butanol, alone or in mixtures - and may even contain water, to diesel fuels. possible. In this case, the alcohol content is between 5 and 25% by volume. This makes it possible, for example, to utilize alcohol obtained from biomass in large quantities as a diesel oil additive. If alcohols containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms are added to diesel fuels based on hydrocarbons containing ethers or ether/alcohol mixtures, the following corner points regarding the amount added apply: a) 0 volume; % alcohol addition amount is 5
25% by volume of ether or ether mixture added; b) total amount of C 1 -C 4 -alcohols is 6.65% by volume;
In this case, the amount of ether plus alcohol added is 21.5% by volume, the methanol content of the alcohol added is 5.55% by volume, and the lower limit of the amount of ether is 5% by volume. The alcohols can be mixed in diesel fuels at low concentrations, and the addition of ethers to the diesel fuel allows for the use of large amounts of the alcohols as diesel fuel components. ether/alcohol/
When producing a diesel fuel-blend, the amount of ether+alcohol should not be more than 60% by volume of the blended diesel fuel. Advantageous mixture is 50%
It contains more than 100% of diesel fuel. For the production of alcohol-containing diesel fuels, solutizers produced by complex processes are advantageously used, but are not readily available in large quantities. Furthermore, the solutizer used has no effect on the combustion characteristics of diesel fuel. It is carried out in the same preferred manner as for the ether according to the invention. EXAMPLES Table 1 shows the properties of the commercially available diesel fuel used as the basis for the mixed fuel.
【表】【table】
【表】
色々な量でエーテル類および／またはアルコー
ル類を含有する８つのジーゼル燃料混合物を造
る。これらの試料の組成および分析を第２表に示
す。Table: Eight diesel fuel mixtures containing varying amounts of ethers and/or alcohols are made. The composition and analysis of these samples are shown in Table 2.
【表】
本発明のジーゼル燃料と市販の燃料とを比較す
る試験を、市販のジーゼル機関〔ダイムラ−・ベ
ンツ（Daimler Benz〕タイプ240Dおよびvw（ホ
ルクスワーゲン）タイプのゴルフ（Golf）Ｄ〕
で実施する：全ての試験の為に、機関はダイムラ
ー・ベンツ240Dについては4400回転／分そして
vwゴルフ・Ｄについては4800回転／分の一定回
転速度で運転する。機関の運転は、各試験につい
ての性能が市販のジーゼル燃料を運転する機関の
それに等しいように調整する。
排気の黒さおよび比エネルギー消費量を、ダイ
ムラー・ベンツ機関タイプ240Dを用いて4400回
転／分および47.3KWで運転して測定する。黒さ
はボツシユ価（Bosch number）として示す。第
３表に、市販のジーゼル燃料（実施例Ｏ）および
混合物（実施例１〜８）を用いた試験でしたボツ
シユ価および比エネルギー必要量を示す。実施例
１〜８の消費量を第２表に示す。[Table] A test comparing the diesel fuel of the present invention with a commercially available fuel was conducted using commercially available diesel engines [Daimler Benz type 240D and VW (Volkswagen) type Golf D].
For all tests, the engine is operated at: 4400 rpm for Daimler-Benz 240D and
The VW Golf D operates at a constant rotational speed of 4800 rpm. Engine operation is adjusted so that the performance for each test is equal to that of an engine running commercial diesel fuel. The exhaust blackness and specific energy consumption are measured using a Daimler-Benz engine type 240D operating at 4400 rpm and 47.3 KW. Blackness is indicated as Bosch number. Table 3 shows the potency values and specific energy requirements tested using commercially available diesel fuel (Example O) and mixtures (Examples 1-8). The consumption amounts of Examples 1 to 8 are shown in Table 2.
【表】
第３表は、本発明の混合燃料での煤形成が市販
のジーゼル燃料でのそれよりも少ないことを示し
ている。示されている様に、煤形成の減少は32％
〜62％範囲内である。要するに、90容量％のジー
ゼル燃料である実施例４によつて示されているよ
うに、少量のエーテル／アルコールが煤形成を著
しう減少させる。実施例４では煤形成が38％減少
する。
本発明によつて開示された混合物が低い発熱量
であるにかゝわりなく、比エネルギー消費量が基
礎のジーゼル燃料を用いた時と同じレベルかまた
は多くの場合、より低いことが判かる。
31.4KWおよび4800回転／分の速度にて運転す
る市販のVWタイプのゴルフＤ機関を、放出され
る排気中のNOX濃度におけるエーテル／アルコ
ール混合物の作用を評価するのに用いる。この試
験の結果を第４表に示す。Table 3 shows that soot formation with the blended fuel of the present invention is less than that with commercial diesel fuel. As shown, the reduction in soot formation is 32%
~62% range. In summary, small amounts of ether/alcohol significantly reduce soot formation, as shown by Example 4, which is 90% by volume diesel fuel. Example 4 reduces soot formation by 38%. It can be seen that, despite the low heating value of the mixture disclosed by the present invention, the specific energy consumption is at the same level or in many cases lower than when using the basic diesel fuel. A commercially available VW type Golf D engine operating at a speed of 31.4 KW and 4800 revolutions/min is used to evaluate the effect of the ether/alcohol mixture on the NOx concentration in the emitted exhaust gas. The results of this test are shown in Table 4.
【表】
第４表に示されているように、本発明に従うジ
ーゼル混合燃料は、排気中のNOX濃度を市販の
ジーゼル燃料に比較して26％まで低下せしめる。[Table] As shown in Table 4, the diesel blend fuel according to the present invention reduces the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas by up to 26% compared to commercially available diesel fuel.
Claims (1)
ル−、１−プロピル−、２−プロピル−、１−ブ
チル−または２−ブチル基を意味し、R2は水素
であつてもよい。〕 で表される一種以上のエーテル類より成る添加物
を５〜25容量％含有することを特徴とする、炭化
水素ベースのジーゼル燃料。 ２ ０〜90容量％のメチル−第三−ブチルエーテ
ル、０〜90容量％のメチル−第三−アミルエーテ
ル、０〜90容量％のイソプロピル−第三−ブチル
エーテル、０〜90容量％の第二−ブチル−第三−
ブチルエーテル、０〜90容量％のメチル−第三−
２，３−ジメチルブチルエーテル、０〜90容量％
のメチル−第三−２−メチルペンチルエーテルよ
り成る添加物を５〜25容量％含有する請求項１に
記載のジーゼル燃料。 ３ 添加物の５〜50容量％までがメチル−第三−
ブチルエーテルより成る請求項１または２に記載
のジーゼル燃料。 ４ 添加物の５〜50容量％までがメチル−第三−
アミルエーテルより成る請求項１〜３の何れか一
つに記載の燃料。 ５ 添加物の５〜50容量％までがイソプロピル−
第三−ブチルエーテルより成る請求項１〜４の何
れか一つに記載の燃料。 ６ 添加物の５〜50容量％までが第二−ブチル−
第三−ブチルエーテルより成る請求項１〜５の何
れか一つに記載の燃料。 ７ 添加物の５〜50容量％までがメチル−第三−
２，３−ジメチルブチルエーテルより成る請求項
１〜６の何れか一つに記載の燃料。 ８ 添加物の５〜50容量％までがメチル−第三−
２−メチルペンチルエーテルより成る請求項１〜
７の何れか一つに記載の燃料。 ９ 添加物がメチル−第三−ブチルエーテル、イ
ソプロピル−第三−ブチルエーテルおよび第二ブ
チル−第三−ブチルエーテルを約１：１：１の容
量比で含有する請求項１〜８の何れか一つに記載
のジーゼル燃料。 １０ 追加的にC1〜C4−アルコールを含有し、
その際その添加量に関して以下の角頂点が適用さ
れる： ａ） ０容量％のアルコール添加量の場合には５
〜25容量％のエーテル−あるいはエーテル混合
物添加量であり、 ｂ） C1〜C4−アルコール全部の量が6.65容量％
の場合にエーテル＋アルコール添加量が21.5容
量％であり、その際加えるアルコールのメタノ
ール含有量が5.55容量％でありそしてエーテル
量の下限値が不変的に５容量％である 請求項１に記載のジーゼル燃料。[Claims] 1 General formula R 1 -O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -R 2 [In the formula, R 1 and R 2 are respectively methyl-, ethyl-, 1-propyl-, 2-propyl-, It means a 1-butyl- or 2-butyl group, and R 2 may be hydrogen. ] A hydrocarbon-based diesel fuel characterized by containing 5 to 25% by volume of an additive consisting of one or more ethers represented by: 2 0-90% by volume methyl-tert-butyl ether, 0-90% by volume methyl-tert-amyl ether, 0-90% by volume isopropyl-tert-butyl ether, 0-90% by volume secondary- Butyl-tertiary-
Butyl ether, 0-90% by volume methyl-tertiary
2,3-dimethylbutyl ether, 0-90% by volume
Diesel fuel according to claim 1, containing from 5 to 25% by volume of an additive consisting of methyl-tert-2-methylpentyl ether. 3 Up to 5 to 50% by volume of the additive is methyl-tertiary.
The diesel fuel according to claim 1 or 2, comprising butyl ether. 4 Up to 5 to 50% by volume of the additive is methyl-tertiary.
The fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising amyl ether. 5 Up to 5-50% by volume of the additive is isopropyl-
5. A fuel according to claim 1, comprising tert-butyl ether. 6 Up to 5-50% by volume of the additive is sec-butyl-
6. A fuel according to claim 1, comprising tert-butyl ether. 7 Up to 5-50% by volume of the additive is methyl-tertiary
7. A fuel according to claim 1, comprising 2,3-dimethylbutyl ether. 8 Up to 5% to 50% by volume of the additive is methyl-tertiary.
Claims 1 to 2 comprising 2-methylpentyl ether.
7. The fuel described in any one of 7. 9. According to any one of claims 1 to 8, the additive contains methyl-tert-butyl ether, isopropyl-tert-butyl ether and sec-butyl-tert-butyl ether in a volume ratio of about 1:1:1. Diesel fuel listed. 10 additionally contains a C1 - C4 -alcohol,
The following angles apply with respect to the amount added: a) 5 for an alcohol addition of 0% by volume;
25% by volume of ether or ether mixture added; b) total amount of C 1 -C 4 -alcohols is 6.65% by volume;
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the amount of ether+alcohol added is 21.5% by volume, the methanol content of the alcohol added is 5.55% by volume, and the lower limit for the amount of ether remains unchanged at 5% by volume. diesel fuel.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19813140382 DE3140382A1 (en) | 1981-10-10 | 1981-10-10 | DIESEL FUEL |
| DE3140382.4 | 1981-10-10 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5874789A JPS5874789A (en) | 1983-05-06 |
| JPH036958B2 true JPH036958B2 (en) | 1991-01-31 |
Family
ID=6143882
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57176457A Granted JPS5874789A (en) | 1981-10-10 | 1982-10-08 | Diesel fuel |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0077027B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5874789A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE18919T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8205904A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1180895A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3140382A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK153225C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8307886A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI75592C (en) |
| GR (1) | GR76994B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE53445B1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX162435A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO160145C (en) |
| PT (1) | PT75662B (en) |
| TR (1) | TR22309A (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58208389A (en) * | 1982-05-31 | 1983-12-05 | Komatsu Ltd | Alcohol blended fuel for diesel engine |
| JPS6357691A (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1988-03-12 | ポラ− モレクラ− コ−ポレ−シヨン | Fuel conditioner |
| JPH01201393A (en) * | 1988-02-05 | 1989-08-14 | Takara Co Ltd | Diesel engine fuel for toy |
| JPH0393894A (en) * | 1989-09-06 | 1991-04-18 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | Lead-free high-performance gasoline |
| US5425790A (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1995-06-20 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Diesel fuel |
| US5314511A (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1994-05-24 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Diesel fuel |
| US5308365A (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1994-05-03 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Diesel fuel |
| WO2001018154A1 (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2001-03-15 | Agrofuel Ab | Motor fuel for diesel engines |
| DE502004010677D1 (en) | 2003-06-24 | 2010-03-11 | Biovalue Holding Bv | Use of an oxygenate as an additive for reducing the particle emission in fuels, in particular in diesel fuels, gasoline fuels and rapeseed methyl ester |
| WO2018055065A1 (en) | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-29 | Cepsa S.A.U. | Solketal-ethers, production method and uses thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS55157684A (en) * | 1979-05-14 | 1980-12-08 | Aeci Ltd | Fuel |
| JPS56139588A (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1981-10-31 | British Petroleum Co | Production of component for being compounded in motor spirit |
| JPS5819389A (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1983-02-04 | Reametaru:Kk | Reforming of a fuel oil |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR828020A (en) * | 1936-11-05 | 1938-05-09 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Engine fuel |
| FR829581A (en) * | 1936-12-18 | 1938-06-30 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Engine fuel |
| BE786624A (en) * | 1971-07-31 | 1973-01-24 | Snam Progetti | PROCESS FOR REDUCING THE CARBON OXIDE CONTENT OF THE EXHAUST GASES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
| WO1981000721A1 (en) * | 1979-09-10 | 1981-03-19 | Wer R | Universal fuel for engines |
| US4332594A (en) * | 1980-01-22 | 1982-06-01 | Chrysler Corporation | Fuels for internal combustion engines |
| US4353710A (en) * | 1980-03-26 | 1982-10-12 | Texaco Inc. | Novel method of extending a hydrocarbon fuel heavier than gasoline by adding a methoxy or ethoxy group |
-
1981
- 1981-10-10 DE DE19813140382 patent/DE3140382A1/en active Granted
-
1982
- 1982-09-03 TR TR6933A patent/TR22309A/en unknown
- 1982-10-05 GR GR69444A patent/GR76994B/el unknown
- 1982-10-05 CA CA000412887A patent/CA1180895A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-10-07 EP EP82109266A patent/EP0077027B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-10-07 DE DE8282109266T patent/DE3270279D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-10-07 AT AT82109266T patent/ATE18919T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-10-08 MX MX194722A patent/MX162435A/en unknown
- 1982-10-08 FI FI823426A patent/FI75592C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-10-08 IE IE2442/82A patent/IE53445B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-10-08 NO NO823376A patent/NO160145C/en unknown
- 1982-10-08 BR BR8205904A patent/BR8205904A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-10-08 PT PT75662A patent/PT75662B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-10-08 JP JP57176457A patent/JPS5874789A/en active Granted
- 1982-10-08 DK DK446182A patent/DK153225C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-10-08 ES ES516382A patent/ES8307886A1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS55157684A (en) * | 1979-05-14 | 1980-12-08 | Aeci Ltd | Fuel |
| JPS56139588A (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1981-10-31 | British Petroleum Co | Production of component for being compounded in motor spirit |
| JPS5819389A (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1983-02-04 | Reametaru:Kk | Reforming of a fuel oil |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO160145B (en) | 1988-12-05 |
| NO160145C (en) | 1989-03-15 |
| EP0077027B1 (en) | 1986-04-02 |
| DK153225B (en) | 1988-06-27 |
| DK153225C (en) | 1988-12-05 |
| DE3270279D1 (en) | 1986-05-07 |
| DK446182A (en) | 1983-04-11 |
| BR8205904A (en) | 1983-09-06 |
| FI75592C (en) | 1988-07-11 |
| MX162435A (en) | 1991-05-10 |
| PT75662A (en) | 1982-11-01 |
| FI823426A0 (en) | 1982-10-08 |
| IE822442L (en) | 1983-04-10 |
| ES516382A0 (en) | 1983-07-16 |
| ES8307886A1 (en) | 1983-07-16 |
| NO823376L (en) | 1983-04-11 |
| FI75592B (en) | 1988-03-31 |
| JPS5874789A (en) | 1983-05-06 |
| ATE18919T1 (en) | 1986-04-15 |
| PT75662B (en) | 1985-01-11 |
| GR76994B (en) | 1984-09-04 |
| EP0077027A2 (en) | 1983-04-20 |
| DE3140382C2 (en) | 1990-04-12 |
| DE3140382A1 (en) | 1983-04-21 |
| IE53445B1 (en) | 1988-11-09 |
| FI823426L (en) | 1983-04-11 |
| CA1180895A (en) | 1985-01-15 |
| TR22309A (en) | 1987-01-20 |
| EP0077027A3 (en) | 1984-04-25 |
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