EP0070449A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour l'élévation de la sensibilité de réaction et de la sécurité contre les perturbations dans une installation détectrice de danger et particulièrement d'incendie - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour l'élévation de la sensibilité de réaction et de la sécurité contre les perturbations dans une installation détectrice de danger et particulièrement d'incendie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0070449A1
EP0070449A1 EP82106039A EP82106039A EP0070449A1 EP 0070449 A1 EP0070449 A1 EP 0070449A1 EP 82106039 A EP82106039 A EP 82106039A EP 82106039 A EP82106039 A EP 82106039A EP 0070449 A1 EP0070449 A1 EP 0070449A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
value
comparison
current
detector
idle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82106039A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0070449B1 (fr
Inventor
Karla Oberstein
Peer Dr.-Ing. Thilo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to AT82106039T priority Critical patent/ATE16534T1/de
Publication of EP0070449A1 publication Critical patent/EP0070449A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0070449B1 publication Critical patent/EP0070449B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B26/00—Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
    • G08B29/26—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components by updating and storing reference thresholds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for increasing the sensitivity and interference immunity in a hazard, in particular fire alarm system with a control center, to which a large number of automatic detectors are connected and polled cyclically, and in which the detector measured values are evaluated.
  • each detector can have a threshold circuit, which emits an alarm signal to the control center if the defined fire parameter (threshold) is exceeded.
  • threshold a defined fire parameter
  • timers were provided in the detectors or during an evaluation in the control center, which only display an alarm when the absolute threshold has been exceeded for a predetermined time.
  • thresholds for changing a fire parameter above which the alarm is to be triggered have also been defined.
  • a central evaluation of the detector signals also has an improvement brought because the alarm threshold could be easily adapted to the respective requirements.
  • a change in the idle signal of a detector e.g. due to component aging, contamination, wetness etc. lead to changes in sensitivity due to the fixed evaluation thresholds and in the borderline cases to incorrect response or ineffectiveness of the detector concerned.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method for detector evaluation, in which a high level of interference immunity is ensured over a very long time with high sensitivity. Aging of the components and soiling of the detectors should not have an adverse effect on the sensitivity of the detectors.
  • an average detector measurement value is formed as the detector rest value from the individual detector measurement values for each detector and is stored in a rest value memory as the current rest value; that the difference between the respective current detector measured value and the stored idle value can be used and these differences can be used to derive a respective current and storable comparison value, and that the current comparison value is compared with a predetermined limit value and a display device is activated if it is exceeded.
  • an average detector measurement value is formed in a central evaluation device for each detector. This is derived as the detector idle value from the respective previous measured measured values and stored in a memory provided for this purpose as the current idle value. With each polling cycle there will be for each detector the difference between its current measured value and its last stored rest value is formed. These differences are used to form a current comparison value, which is stored in a comparison value memory provided for this purpose. This current comparison value is compared in a comparison device with a predetermined limit value. If this current comparison value is smaller than the specified limit value, a new rest value is formed from the current detector measured value and the stored rest value. This is written into the idle value memory for the next processing cycle. If the current comparison value is equal to or greater than the predetermined limit value, the comparison device controls a display device which displays an alarm or fault or another event.
  • a rest value is formed for each detector, either when the system is switched on or on request, e.g. in the event of revision or maintenance.
  • the rest value is expediently automatically updated with a large time constant of, for example, one day.
  • the difference between the detector measured value and the idle value is used for the detection of events.
  • This difference is constantly increasing . For example, every few seconds or with every query cycle, newly determined, evaluated according to their size and evaluated.
  • a comparison value is expediently derived from these differences, which controls a display device when a specified limit value is exceeded.
  • the respective current comparison value is determined from the difference between the current measured value, the stored rest value and the stored comparison value, the Difference amount is reduced by a constant value, so that smaller fluctuations in the measured value, which are below the constant value, do not lead to an event display.
  • This result is integrated into a sum signal, ie the result is added to the last stored comparison value.
  • the sum signal obtained in this way corresponds to the current comparison value.
  • a detector idle value is expediently formed from the detector measured values with the aid of arithmetic logic units, which can be stored in a memory provided for this purpose, the first detector measured value corresponding to the idle value in the first interrogation cycle. It is used to form the comparison value.
  • the time constant for the formation of the idle value can be influenced via a parameter EPS (0 ⁇ EPS ⁇ 1).
  • FIG. 1a shows the course of a detector measured value MW as a function of time T.
  • the diagram shows an alarm threshold, designated AISW, which runs parallel to the time axis.
  • the detector itself has a rest value, which is drawn as a theoretical value as a straight line that rises slightly and is designated RW.
  • AISW alarm threshold
  • RW a disturbance threshold
  • STSW is drawn at a constant distance CON.
  • the detector measured value MW has increased significantly compared to its idle value RW. However, this increase in the measured value is not so great that it reaches the alarm threshold A1SW, and therefore no alarm is displayed. If the detector idle value RW changes in the direction of the alarm threshold ALSW, an identical event would erroneously generate an alarm at time T2.
  • the detector has become more sensitive by itself.
  • the rise in the detector measured value MW which is not greater than at time T1
  • Such a false alarm message is avoided with the method according to the invention, as will be explained in more detail later.
  • the detector value MW is also plotted over time T in FIG. 1b.
  • the ALSW alarm threshold is shown parallel to the time axis.
  • the detector idle value RW is shown as a straight line, which, however, tends towards the time axis, ie the detector idle value RW changes against the alarm threshold ALSW.
  • Parallel to the rest value RW a straight line is drawn above it at a constant distance CON, which represents the interference threshold STSW.
  • CON represents the interference threshold STSW.
  • the detector measured value increase is not large enough to reach or exceed the alarm threshold ALSW, so that no alarm is detected at time T2.
  • the alarm is no longer recognized at time T2 because the idle value RW has developed away from the alarm threshold ALSW. With the fire alarm system according to the invention, this lost alarm is also recognized.
  • the comparison value VW of the detector M is determined from the respective current detector measurement value MW, based on its idle value RW, and from its previously stored comparison value VWA and only then compared with a predetermined limit value GRW. In the exemplary embodiment, this is explained in detail with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5 for the alarm case.
  • FIG. 2a shows a measured detector value MW over time T, the time axis corresponding to the rest value RW.
  • An interference threshold STSW is shown at a constant distance above the idle value RW.
  • the previously defined alarm threshold for the detector measurement value MW is drawn in by a line parallel to the rest value RW at a corresponding height.
  • the sum signal SUS of the detector is below it in FIG. 2b shown as a function of time T.
  • the limit value for the sum signal SUS, at which an alarm is detected, is designated GRW.
  • the diagrams for three typical measured signal images are explained below.
  • the normal detector measured value curve (MW over time T) is shown in FIG. 2a and below it the sum signals SUS derived therefrom, which lead to the alarm detection.
  • both the size of the detector measured value and the duration of the detector measured value are decisive for the alarm evaluation, as well as for detection of faults.
  • the detector measured value signal is evaluated with each sampling cycle.
  • the difference (MW-RWA) is formed from the respective current detector measured value MW and the stored idle value RWA and is continuously determined, for example with each sampling cycle. This difference is related to a fixed value, namely a disturbance threshold STSW, in order not to add up smaller fluctuations in measured values which are below this disturbance threshold to an alarm signal.
  • the sum signal SUS according to FIG. 2b detects when it reaches or exceeds the predetermined threshold, limit value GRW, on alarm.
  • the measured value suddenly rises above the alarm threshold ALSW at time T1 and falls below the alarm threshold ALSW before time T2. In conventional systems, this event 1 would already result in an alarm if the alarm was not checked again before the alarm was given.
  • the method according to the invention shows no increase in the sum signal SUS beyond the limit value GRW. So there is no alarm.
  • the detector measurement value MW falls below the STSW threshold (FIG.
  • Another typical measured value signal image shows a slow increase in the measured detector value MW in the direction of the alarm (FIG. 2a).
  • a conventional fire alarm system would not yet recognize an alarm, since the measured value MW had not yet reached the alarm threshold ALSW at time T11.
  • the detector measured value MW based on the idle value RW after it has exceeded the interference threshold STSW (FIG. 2a) is integrated (FIG. 2a) from the time T10 and the sum signal SUS already reaches the limit value at the time T11 GRW and triggers the alarm AL.
  • a steady increase in the detector measured value in the direction of the alarm threshold is detected at an early stage.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment for alarm detection in the block diagram.
  • the example of a detector M shows that the detector measured values MW from the detector M to the control center Z via the detection line L.
  • the measured value MW reaches a comparison value generating device VWB and a rest value forming device RWB.
  • a memory VWSP is assigned to the device for forming the comparison value VWB, in which the current comparison value VWN is stored.
  • a memory RWSP is assigned to the device for rest value formation RWB, in which the current rest value RWN is stored.
  • VWB new comparison value VWN
  • This current comparison value VWN is stored on the one hand for the next processing cycle in the comparison value memory VWSP, and on the other hand compared with a predetermined limit value GRW, in the exemplary embodiment for alarm, in the comparison device VGE, which is arranged downstream of the two devices. If the current comparison value VWN is greater than or equal to the limit value for alarm GRW, an alarm AL is displayed in the display device ANZ connected downstream of the comparison device VGE. If the current comparison value VWN does not exceed the limit value GRW, the new detector measured value MW can be used together with the old idle value RWA from the idle value memory RWSP to calculate a new idle value RWN, which is used to rewrite the idle value memory RWSP.
  • the block diagram (Fig.3) illustrates the detection of alarms. In a similar way, faults can be recognized and displayed.
  • the device for forming the comparison value VWB is shown in more detail in FIG.
  • the detector value MW passes from the detector to the control center Z and to a first arithmetic logic unit ALU1. There, the old idle value RWA is subtracted from the idle value memory from the detector measured value MW.
  • a second arithmetic logical unit ALU2 which is connected downstream of the first ALU1, a predeterminable constant value CON is subtracted.
  • the second arithmetic logic unit ALU2 is followed by a third arithmetic logic unit ALU3, which adds the result of the ALU2 to the last (stored) comparison value VWA.
  • the comparator K1 connected downstream of the ALU3 with an assigned demultiplexer D1 only compares the result from the ALU3 (sum signal SUS) with the value 0 in order to achieve a lower limit of the sum signal (SUS according to FIG. 2b). If the value is less than 0, the multiplexer D1 outputs 0 at its output. If, on the other hand, the value is greater than 0, the sum signal SUS is at the output of the multiplexer D1 as the current comparison value VWN. This output leads to the comparison device VGE, in which the new comparison value VWN is compared with the limit value GRW using a further comparator K2.
  • the second demultiplexer D2 connected downstream of the second comparator K2 controls the display device ANZ when the comparison value VWN is greater than or equal to the limit value GRW (VWN> GRW). If the comparison value VWN is smaller than the limit value GRW (VWN ⁇ GRW), the second demultiplexer D2 controls the rest value formation device RWB and enables the formation of a new rest value RWN, as will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 5 shows the circuit arrangement for forming the idle value RWB. It has a first multiplier MU1, which is followed by an adder AD1 with a first input. It has a subtractor SU1 which is supplied with a constant value EPS (0 ⁇ EPS ⁇ 1). With this constant EPS is the time constant influenceable for the rest value formation. This constant value EPS is given to the first input, the detector measured value MW to the second input of the first multiplier stage MU1. The output signal (1 - EPS) of the subtractor SU1 reaches the second multiplier stage MU2, to which the last stored idle value RWA comes from the idle value memory RWSP.
  • the output of the second multiplier stage MU2 leads to the second input of the adder stage AD1, which, controlled by the comparison device VGE, forms the current idle value RWN via the enable input E if VWN ⁇ GRW.
  • the current reporting value MW is multiplied by the constant value EPS in the first multiplier M1.
  • the old idle value RWA from the idle value memory RWSP is multiplied by the value (1 - EPS) in the second multiplierMU2.
  • the adder AD1 then delivers the new idle value RWN at the output.
  • a slow change in the detector e.g. due to component aging or contamination.
  • the sensitivity of the detectors remains constant for a very long time. Different applications can usually be served with uniform detectors and evaluation programs.
  • slowly developing fires as well as rapidly spreading fires are detected at the earliest possible point in time, whereby malfunctions and deceptions of the alarm system are largely prevented.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
EP82106039A 1981-07-10 1982-07-06 Procédé et dispositif pour l'élévation de la sensibilité de réaction et de la sécurité contre les perturbations dans une installation détectrice de danger et particulièrement d'incendie Expired EP0070449B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82106039T ATE16534T1 (de) 1981-07-10 1982-07-06 Verfahren und anordnung zur erhoehung der ansprechempfindlichkeit und der stoersicherheit in einer gefahren-, insbesondere brandmeldeanlage.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813127324 DE3127324A1 (de) 1981-07-10 1981-07-10 Verfahren und anordnung zur erhoehung der ansprechempfindlichkeit und der stoersicherheit in einer gefahren-, insbesondere brandmeldeanlage
DE3127324 1981-07-10

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EP0070449A1 true EP0070449A1 (fr) 1983-01-26
EP0070449B1 EP0070449B1 (fr) 1985-11-13

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EP82106039A Expired EP0070449B1 (fr) 1981-07-10 1982-07-06 Procédé et dispositif pour l'élévation de la sensibilité de réaction et de la sécurité contre les perturbations dans une installation détectrice de danger et particulièrement d'incendie

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US (1) US4514720A (fr)
EP (1) EP0070449B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE16534T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR8203967A (fr)
DE (2) DE3127324A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK159346C (fr)
NO (1) NO156308C (fr)

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EP0121048A1 (fr) * 1983-03-04 1984-10-10 Cerberus Ag Mise en place de circuit pour le contrôle du niveau d'interférence des détecteurs connectés dans une installation de détecteurs de danger
GB2158572A (en) * 1984-05-09 1985-11-13 Quantor Corp Detecting low level radiation sources
DE3523232A1 (de) * 1984-06-29 1986-01-09 Hochiki Corp., Tokio/Tokyo Feueralarmsystem
EP0197371A1 (fr) * 1985-03-20 1986-10-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Agencement pour détecteur d'incendie avec un système d'aspiration
FR2580937A1 (fr) * 1985-04-12 1986-10-31 Hochiki Co Procede pour collecter des donnees concernant un incendie, detecteur d'incendie et systeme d'alarme anti-incendie mettant en oeuvre ce procede
FR2585157A1 (fr) * 1985-07-18 1987-01-23 Hochiki Co Systeme d'alarme anti-incendie
EP0248298A1 (fr) * 1986-06-03 1987-12-09 Cerberus Ag Dispositif détecteur de danger
DE3904979A1 (de) * 1989-02-18 1990-08-23 Beyersdorf Hartwig Verfahren zum betrieb eines ionisationsrauchmelders und ionisationsrauchmelder
EP0437658A1 (fr) * 1990-01-17 1991-07-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de protection pour une machine électrique
EP0501194A1 (fr) * 1991-02-26 1992-09-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour déterminer en avance le moment de la maintenance de détecteurs d'alarmes
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EP0677829A1 (fr) * 1994-03-18 1995-10-18 Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Système d'alarme d'incendie
FR2723237A1 (fr) * 1994-07-29 1996-02-02 Lewiner Jacques Dispositif de detection d'incendie avec transmission de signal electrique analogique a une unite centrale
EP0721175A1 (fr) * 1995-01-05 1996-07-10 Pittway Corporation Procédé et dispositif à haute sensibilité et ajustement dynamique du bruit
WO1999067758A1 (fr) * 1998-06-22 1999-12-29 Martin Daumer Procede et dispositif pour detecter des derives, des sauts et/ou des points aberrants de valeurs de mesure
WO2006132745A1 (fr) * 2005-06-06 2006-12-14 Lawrence Kates Systeme et procede pour un capteur a seuil variable
US7817031B2 (en) 2004-05-27 2010-10-19 Lawrence Kates Wireless transceiver
CN101957618A (zh) * 2010-10-18 2011-01-26 上海电机学院 智能家居控制系统
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US10663443B2 (en) 2004-05-27 2020-05-26 Google Llc Sensor chamber airflow management systems and methods
US10664792B2 (en) 2008-05-16 2020-05-26 Google Llc Maintaining information facilitating deterministic network routing

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DE10328376B3 (de) * 2003-06-24 2005-02-17 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Fehlalarmsicherheit in einer Brandmeldeeinrichtung sowie Brandmeleeinrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
US7218237B2 (en) * 2004-05-27 2007-05-15 Lawrence Kates Method and apparatus for detecting water leaks
US7228726B2 (en) * 2004-09-23 2007-06-12 Lawrence Kates System and method for utility metering and leak detection
US7250855B2 (en) * 2004-12-27 2007-07-31 Sap Aktiengesellschaft False alarm mitigation using a sensor network
US7230528B2 (en) * 2005-09-20 2007-06-12 Lawrence Kates Programmed wireless sensor system
US7142123B1 (en) * 2005-09-23 2006-11-28 Lawrence Kates Method and apparatus for detecting moisture in building materials
US8681011B2 (en) 2011-02-21 2014-03-25 Fred Conforti Apparatus and method for detecting fires
WO2013186640A2 (fr) 2012-05-24 2013-12-19 Lundy Douglas H Système et procédé de détection de menace
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DE102015223253A1 (de) 2015-11-25 2017-06-01 Minimax Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum Bestimmen von Schwellenwerten einer Zustandsüberwachungseinheit für eine Brandmelder- und/oder Löschsteuerzentrale sowie Zustandsüberwachungseinheit und System damit
EP3704679B1 (fr) * 2017-10-30 2024-10-23 Carrier Corporation Compensateur dans un dispositif détecteur

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Cited By (52)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0121048A1 (fr) * 1983-03-04 1984-10-10 Cerberus Ag Mise en place de circuit pour le contrôle du niveau d'interférence des détecteurs connectés dans une installation de détecteurs de danger
US4598271A (en) * 1983-03-04 1986-07-01 Cerberus Ag Circuit arrangement for monitoring noise levels of detectors arranged in an alarm installation
GB2158572A (en) * 1984-05-09 1985-11-13 Quantor Corp Detecting low level radiation sources
DE3523232A1 (de) * 1984-06-29 1986-01-09 Hochiki Corp., Tokio/Tokyo Feueralarmsystem
GB2161966A (en) * 1984-06-29 1986-01-22 Hochiki Co Detecting fires
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NO822153L (no) 1983-01-11
NO156308C (no) 1987-08-26
US4514720A (en) 1985-04-30
EP0070449B1 (fr) 1985-11-13
DK309582A (da) 1983-01-11
DK159346B (da) 1990-10-01
DE3127324A1 (de) 1983-01-27
ATE16534T1 (de) 1985-11-15
DK159346C (da) 1991-03-11
BR8203967A (pt) 1983-06-28
NO156308B (no) 1987-05-18
DE3267407D1 (en) 1985-12-19

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