EP0045890B1 - Foyer à lit fluidisé - Google Patents

Foyer à lit fluidisé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0045890B1
EP0045890B1 EP81105895A EP81105895A EP0045890B1 EP 0045890 B1 EP0045890 B1 EP 0045890B1 EP 81105895 A EP81105895 A EP 81105895A EP 81105895 A EP81105895 A EP 81105895A EP 0045890 B1 EP0045890 B1 EP 0045890B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluidized bed
area
fluidized
segments
inflow floor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81105895A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0045890A1 (fr
Inventor
Lothar Holl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bergwerksverband GmbH
Original Assignee
Bergwerksverband GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bergwerksverband GmbH filed Critical Bergwerksverband GmbH
Publication of EP0045890A1 publication Critical patent/EP0045890A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0045890B1 publication Critical patent/EP0045890B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
    • F27B15/02—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B15/14—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/12—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated exclusively within the combustion zone
    • F23C10/14—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated exclusively within the combustion zone the circulating movement being promoted by inducing differing degrees of fluidisation in different parts of the bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/99006—Arrangements for starting combustion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fluidized bed combustion according to the preamble of the claim.
  • fluidized bed furnaces are used for the combustion of lumpy, dusty or sludge-like fuels for the production of steam or hot water.
  • the combustion air supplied through nozzles in the inflow floor on the one hand achieves a uniform distribution of the air, on the other hand this air causes a constant swirling of the fluidized material.
  • fluidized bed furnaces for partial load control are divided into segments on the air box side and this division is continued on the fluidized bed side by built-in walls or fin tube walls, a pressure tube (jet feed tube) being fed through each segment of the inflow floor to supply the fuel.
  • a pressure tube jet feed tube
  • DE-A 2 439 095 discloses a fluidized bed combustion of the generic type which is divided into four sections of approximately the same size, four partial fluidized beds lying one behind the other being formed by walls.
  • Such fluidized bed firing has the following disadvantages: During the heating process, a lot of heat is removed from the fluidized bed by the two side walls and the two transverse walls, so that this process accordingly takes a long time. This does not guarantee the rapid heating required for the flexibility of the furnace when there are fast load requirements.
  • transverse walls arranged in the fluidized bed itself complicate the part-load behavior, since cross-mixing is only possible at a later point in time when further sections are included. Each newly added section therefore initially swirls cold, since the wall also has to be heated up. This also severely hinders the flexibility of the part-load behavior.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages and to achieve a significant improvement in the part-load behavior of the generic fluidized bed combustion.
  • the heat dissipation from the aforementioned fluidized bed area is reduced in that this area is adjacent to at least two sides to further fluidized bed areas;
  • the boundary layer in the swirling and the non-swirling material has a surprisingly high thermal insulation effect - accordingly, in order to achieve the least possible heat dissipation, an area of the fluidized bed that is as central as possible will be selected for the start-up.
  • part-load behavior is improved, since in particular in the lower part-load range Load levels can be selected in relatively small steps, without this having to be subdivided into a particularly large number of fluidized bed regions which can be operated individually.
  • the cooled walls of the container in which the fluidized bed is operated have the effect that the individual fluidized bed areas in the region of the side walls, the end walls and the inflow floor are set up specifically for the delivery of a predetermined thermal output.
  • the outlet ends of the jet feed tubes which run parallel to the inflow floor, extend the dwell time of the carbon particles near the floor and support their circulation in the fluidized bed, which improves the burnout.
  • the segment to be switched on is first started up and if the resulting mixing temperature in the fluidized bed drops below a predetermined value, the newly connected air box segment is first switched off again then being hit again; this process can also be repeated several times - this will, among other things, avoided that the eddy air quantities in the individual air box segments had to be variable in order to make it easier to connect a new segment.
  • Fig. 1, 1 denotes the air box of the fluidized bed combustion in a container 14, which is divided, for example, by partition walls 12 into air box segments 1a-1f and thus also the inflow floor 10 into inflow floor segments 10a-10f.
  • the corresponding sections 2a-2f of the fluidized bed (not shown in FIG. 1) are located above these segments of the inflow floor 10.
  • a heat exchanger tube is designated, which is arranged in the water-cooled end wall 11a.
  • a heating burner 8 is mounted opposite the heat exchanger tube 7.
  • the water-cooled tubes of the inflow base 10, which are equipped with air nozzles (not shown here), through which the so-called jet feed tubes 9 for the coal extend, which are angled at their outlet end 9a parallel to the inflow base 10, are designated by 13.
  • FIG 2 shows the division of the air box into the air box segments 1a-1f, wherein the segments 1a and 1c and 1d and 1f are each approximately half as large as the segments 1b and 1e.
  • the heat exchanger tubes are therefore above the segments 1d-1f on the side remote from the heating burner 8.
  • the four jet feed tubes 9 are located in the segments 1b and 1e.
  • the side walls of the container 14 are designated 3 and 4, respectively.
  • the movement of the particles in the fluidized bed is also indicated in FIG. 3.
  • Fig. 4 the side air box segments 1a and 1c and the middle air box segment 1b are separated from each other by the partitions 12a and 12b.
  • 2b denotes the fluidized bed in motion above the air box segment 1b loaded with combustion air and 2a or 2c denotes the two fluidized bed layers at rest above the air box segments 1a and 1c not loaded with air.
  • 5 and 6 denote the separating surfaces between the stationary layers and the moving layer.
  • the fluidized bed consists of inert material, for example sand, ash or limestone.
  • inert material for example sand, ash or limestone.
  • the air box segment 1b is always put into operation. Since the remaining air box segments are not exposed to combustion air, an embankment is formed for this layered material, as can be seen from (Fig. 4 (5), (6)).
  • the fluidized bed in region 2b of the fluidized bed is then heated using the heating burner (8). Due to the lack of heat exchanger tubes (7) in this area, the heating time of the fluidized material is ver shortens since no additional heat is extracted from the fluidized bed.
  • coal is introduced into the fluidized bed with a conveying fluid through the jet feed pipes in FIG. 2 (FIG. 2 (9)) and the fluidized material is heated further until an operating temperature of approximately 850 ° C. is reached.
  • an operating temperature of approximately 850 ° C. is reached.
  • only heat is extracted through the water-cooled inflow floor (Fig. 3 (10)) and the water-cooled end wall (Fig. 3 (11)).
  • the thermal insulation compared to the resting good material in the other fluidized bed areas is so great that there are no significant heat losses.
  • only 10% of the nominal load (Fig. 5 (1b)) is achieved.
  • the area 1a can now be fluidized, for example, which results in a mixing temperature. If the temperature drops below a defined minimum value, the fluidization in area 1a is temporarily set and area 1b is further heated by charging coal. This process is repeated until both areas have the desired operating temperature. Then the fluidized bed combustion has reached 20% (FIG. 5) output. By switching on the area 1c in the same way, a further increase in performance to 30% (FIG. 5) can be achieved. In this operating state, in which the areas 1d-1f are not fluidized, the slope runs across the center of the fluidized bed.
  • any desired output of the fluidized bed furnace can be operated between 10 and 100% in load levels of 10%.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Claims (1)

1. Foyer à lit fluidisé, dans lequel un lit fluidisé (2) en un matériau inerte est disposé au-dessus de la plaque de fond (10) d'une chambre (14), surmontant un caisson d'admission d'air (1), subdivisé en plusieurs segments, le combustible pouvant être introduit en plusieurs endroits (9) dans le lit fluidisé (2) après avoir amené celui-ci, à l'aide d'un brûleur d'échauffement (8) disposé au-dessus d'un seul des segments du caisson d'air, à la température d'inflammation du combustible et des tubes échangeurs de chaleur (7) étant placés dans une partie du lit fluidisé (2), ne comprenant pas la région du lit fluidisé, dans laquelle est placé le brûleur d'échauffement (8), caractérisé en ce que:
a) la région d'introduction (2b) du lit fluidisé est directement adjacente, sur trois côtés, à des régions à lit fluidisé additionnelles (2a, 2c, 2e) connectables;
b) le lit fluidisé lui-même est exempt de parois de séparation;
c) une partie des régions additionnelles (2a, 2c, 2d, 2f) ne possède que la moitié environ du volume de la région d'introduction (2b) et d'une autre région additionnelle (2e);
d) la moitié environ des régions à lit fluidisé (2d, 2e, 2f) est pourvue de tubes échangeurs de chaleur noyés;
e) la plaque de fond (10) est inclinée vers la boîte à cendres et
f) les parois (3, 4, 11, 11a) au moins de la chambre (14) sont refroidies.
EP81105895A 1980-08-09 1981-07-25 Foyer à lit fluidisé Expired EP0045890B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803030215 DE3030215A1 (de) 1980-08-09 1980-08-09 Wirbelbett-feuerung
DE3030215 1980-08-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0045890A1 EP0045890A1 (fr) 1982-02-17
EP0045890B1 true EP0045890B1 (fr) 1985-05-02

Family

ID=6109285

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81105895A Expired EP0045890B1 (fr) 1980-08-09 1981-07-25 Foyer à lit fluidisé

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0045890B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3030215A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK353381A (fr)
NO (1) NO153273C (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH656941A5 (de) * 1982-08-26 1986-07-31 Sulzer Ag Brennkammerboden zu einer wirbelschichtfeuerung.
FR2542066A1 (fr) * 1983-03-03 1984-09-07 Fives Cail Babcock Procede pour bruler des charbons gonflants en lit fluidise a grille mecanique mobile, et foyer adapte a la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
JPS6298106A (ja) * 1985-10-23 1987-05-07 Babcock Hitachi Kk 流動層装置およびその流動化方法
AT385109B (de) * 1986-03-06 1988-02-25 Simmering Graz Pauker Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbesserung des teillastverhaltens einer wirbelschichtfeuerung
DK120288D0 (da) * 1988-03-04 1988-03-04 Aalborg Boilers Fluidbed forbraendigsreaktor samt fremgangsmaade til drift af en fluidbed forbraendingsreaktor
SE9401032L (sv) * 1994-03-28 1995-09-29 Abb Carbon Ab Förfarande och anordning för att efterjustera tubyta i en fluidiserad bädd
FR2740335B1 (fr) * 1995-10-26 1997-12-19 Oreal Utilisation de sel de lanthanide, de lithium, d'etain, de zinc, de manganese ou d'yttrium comme antagoniste de substance p

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3542523A (en) * 1967-09-08 1970-11-24 Dorr Oliver Inc Reactor design
DE2157931A1 (de) * 1971-11-23 1973-05-30 Metallgesellschaft Ag Vorrichtung zur direkten beheizung von wirbelschichtreaktoren
GB1459766A (en) * 1973-03-20 1976-12-31 British Petroleum Co Combustor
GB1426579A (en) * 1973-09-21 1976-03-03 Coal Industry Patents Ltd Boilers
US3893426A (en) * 1974-03-25 1975-07-08 Foster Wheeler Corp Heat exchanger utilizing adjoining fluidized beds
US3996863A (en) * 1976-03-15 1976-12-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Rapid ignition of fluidized bed boiler
GB1591301A (en) * 1976-08-26 1981-06-17 British Petroleum Co Fluidised bed
GB2001742A (en) * 1977-07-15 1979-02-07 Coal Ind Starting-up fluidised combustion bed systems
DE2814239C2 (de) * 1978-04-03 1985-11-14 Steag Ag, 4300 Essen Wirbelbettfeuerung für die Verbrennung von stückigem Brennstoff
US4167918A (en) * 1978-04-13 1979-09-18 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Fluid-bed air-supply system
GB1604999A (en) * 1978-05-31 1981-12-16 Deborah Fluidised Combustion Boilers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO153273B (no) 1985-11-04
NO153273C (no) 1986-02-12
NO812685L (no) 1982-02-10
EP0045890A1 (fr) 1982-02-17
DE3170277D1 (en) 1985-06-05
DE3030215A1 (de) 1982-03-18
DK353381A (da) 1982-02-10

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