EP0044991B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur pyrolytischen Zersetzung von Halogene und/oder Phosphor enthaltenden organischen Substanzen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur pyrolytischen Zersetzung von Halogene und/oder Phosphor enthaltenden organischen Substanzen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0044991B1
EP0044991B1 EP81105437A EP81105437A EP0044991B1 EP 0044991 B1 EP0044991 B1 EP 0044991B1 EP 81105437 A EP81105437 A EP 81105437A EP 81105437 A EP81105437 A EP 81105437A EP 0044991 B1 EP0044991 B1 EP 0044991B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fixed bed
bed reactor
reactor
process according
ceramic bodies
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81105437A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0044991A1 (de
Inventor
Jürgen Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Hofmann
Hans Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Huschka
Daniel Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Neupert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nukem GmbH
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Nukem GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Nukem GmbH filed Critical Nukem GmbH
Publication of EP0044991A1 publication Critical patent/EP0044991A1/de
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/40—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by heating to effect chemical change, e.g. pyrolysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06—Processing
    • G21F9/14—Processing by incineration; by calcination, e.g. desiccation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/20—Organic substances
    • A62D2101/22—Organic substances containing halogen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/20—Organic substances
    • A62D2101/26—Organic substances containing nitrogen or phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2203/00—Aspects of processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change in the substances
    • A62D2203/10—Apparatus specially adapted for treating harmful chemical agents; Details thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the pyrolytic decomposition of halogens and / or phosphorus-containing, radioactively contaminated organic substances at 300 to 800 ° C in a reactor.
  • a number of radioactive contaminated organic solvents and extraction agents are generated in nuclear technology, which have to be disposed of.
  • the majority of the contaminated organic substances that have to be removed consist of a mixture of tributyl phosphate (TBP) and kerosene, which is used, for example, in a volume ratio of 30:70 as an extractant in the reprocessing of spent fuel using the Purex process.
  • TBP tributyl phosphate
  • kerosene kerosene
  • Waste from the Nuckleartechnik must therefore be brought into a state capable of being disposed of under much stronger safety precautions.
  • These safety precautions include that the waste must be reduced to the lowest possible volume on the one hand and that the methods of reduction work with high decontamination factors and the lowest possible secondary waste.
  • the waste in the categories mentioned in the nuclear technology essentially consists of TBP / kerosene.
  • GB-A-15 17 014 describes a process for the treatment of contaminated TBP / kerosene wastes, in which the TBP is first separated from kerosene using phosphoric acid and then the adduct formed is thermally decomposed at about 200 ° C. to give phosphoric acid and butene becomes. Butene is burned, the highly active phosphoric acid is precipitated with calcium hydroxide and the resulting calcium phosphate is disposed of. The additional introduction of phosphoric acid required for the adduct formation into the process generates additional secondary waste, which is a particular disadvantage of this process.
  • reaction gas is normally required in a fluidized bed, which leads to an increased amount of exhaust gas and to dust formation in the reaction space, which can have a not insignificant influence on the service life of the filter candles at the reactor outlet.
  • radioactive water is generated, which has to be processed in an additional process step.
  • the post-combustion chamber (11) is followed by a scrubber (12) for safety, which works at a pH of about 5 in order to separate any small amounts of HCI and / or HF present in the exhaust gas, while C0 2 at this pH happens to the washer.
  • a scrubber (12) for safety works at a pH of about 5 in order to separate any small amounts of HCI and / or HF present in the exhaust gas, while C0 2 at this pH happens to the washer.
  • the subsequent condenser chamber (13) the remaining water vapor is condensed and the remaining water aerosols are separated on the deep-bed filter (14).
  • the exhaust gas now to be released via an S filter (15) consists only of CO 2 .
  • the ceramic bed consists largely of spherical particles, but it is also possible to use particles which deviate from the spherical shape and are, for example, elliptical.
  • the particles advantageously have a size of 10-30 mm.
  • Expanded clay is preferably used for the bed, but other ceramic materials can also be used.
  • the combustible waste gases escaping from the reactor are afterburned in the afterburning chamber (11) with a small excess of air and the afterburning gases are washed with water in the scrubber (12).
  • 0.015% of the activity fed into the reactor (4) in the form of highly enriched uranium had accumulated in the circulation water of the scrubber (12).
  • the phosphate content in the washing circuit is 30 ppm.
  • the radiometric activity measurements in the exhaust air duct behind the S filter (15) are in the range of the zero level. -
  • the combustible exhaust gases escaping from the reactor are used in the afterburning Chamber (11) burned with a small excess of air and the exhaust gases escaping from the post-combustion chamber washed out with water in the scrubber (12).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP81105437A 1980-07-25 1981-07-11 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur pyrolytischen Zersetzung von Halogene und/oder Phosphor enthaltenden organischen Substanzen Expired EP0044991B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3028193A DE3028193C2 (de) 1980-07-25 1980-07-25 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur pyrolytischen Zersetzung von Halogene und/oder Phosphor enthaltenden organischen Substanzen
DE3028193 1980-07-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0044991A1 EP0044991A1 (de) 1982-02-03
EP0044991B1 true EP0044991B1 (de) 1984-10-03

Family

ID=6108071

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81105437A Expired EP0044991B1 (de) 1980-07-25 1981-07-11 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur pyrolytischen Zersetzung von Halogene und/oder Phosphor enthaltenden organischen Substanzen

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4711185A (pt)
EP (1) EP0044991B1 (pt)
JP (1) JPS5752900A (pt)
BR (1) BR8104719A (pt)
DE (2) DE3028193C2 (pt)

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3205569C2 (de) * 1982-02-17 1983-12-15 Nukem Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur thermischen Zersetzung von organischen und anorganischen Substanzen
JPS60150881A (ja) * 1984-01-18 1985-08-08 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst 再処理廃溶媒中のリン酸トリブチルの処理方法
US4609430A (en) * 1984-03-07 1986-09-02 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Liquid material drying apparatus
DE3447337C2 (de) * 1984-12-24 1986-11-06 Nukem Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Verfahren zur chemisch-thermischen Zersetzung von höher halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen
DE3517019C2 (de) * 1985-05-11 1987-03-26 Nukem Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Verfahren zur chemisch-thermischen Zersetzung von Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen
DE3615027A1 (de) * 1986-05-02 1987-11-05 Dietrich Dipl Ing Dr Radke Verfahren zur zerstoerung organischer halogenverbindungen insbesondere von chlorierten biphenylen, polychlorierten dioxinen und polychlorierten furanen
US5276250A (en) * 1986-07-11 1994-01-04 Hagenmaier Hans Paul Process for decomposing polyhalogenated compounds
DE3623492A1 (de) * 1986-07-11 1988-01-21 Hagenmaier Hans Paul Verfahren zum abbau von halogenierten aromaten
JPS63171398A (ja) * 1987-01-09 1988-07-15 日本碍子株式会社 放射性廃棄物の処理方法およびその装置
DE3918718C2 (de) * 1989-06-08 1994-02-17 Nukem Gmbh Vorrichtung zur thermischen Behandlung von organischen und anorganischen Stoffen
DE3918716C1 (pt) * 1989-06-08 1990-06-28 Nukem Gmbh, 6450 Hanau, De
DE4207943A1 (de) * 1992-03-12 1993-09-16 Srl Sommer Recycling Lauta Gmb Verfahren zur aufarbeitung al-haltiger pcdd/pcdf-belasteter reststoffe
US5476640A (en) * 1994-08-25 1995-12-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Low temperature destruction of toxics in pollutant air streams
NO308831B1 (no) * 1995-03-22 2000-11-06 Nkt Res Ct As FremgangsmÕte for behandling av halogenholdig avfallsmateriale
WO1998002692A1 (fr) * 1996-07-12 1998-01-22 Anisimov, Alexandr Pavlovich Procede d'elimination de substances organiques toxiques
DE19714740C1 (de) * 1997-04-09 1998-12-17 Hampel Christoph Verfahren und Einrichtung zur umweltschonenenden Entsorgung von vorzugsweise in großen Gebinden vorliegenden Giftstoffen
FR2793561A1 (fr) * 1999-05-14 2000-11-17 Cogema Surveillance d'un processus chimique vis-a-vis de toute intervention intempestive d'air
JP5314956B2 (ja) * 2008-07-22 2013-10-16 矢崎エナジーシステム株式会社 木質ペレットの燃焼方法及び燃焼機
HU229808B1 (hu) * 2009-09-24 2014-08-28 Mta Kemiai Kutatokoezpont Eljárás és berendezés poliklórozott szénhidrogéneket tartalmazó veszélyes hulladékok megsemmisítésére
CN103836633A (zh) * 2012-11-21 2014-06-04 中核建中核燃料元件有限公司 一种应用于废磷酸三丁酯热解焚烧过程中的热解装置
CN103996421A (zh) * 2014-04-18 2014-08-20 天津赛德医药研究院有限公司 去除放射性卤素的去污剂
DE102015115119A1 (de) * 2015-09-09 2017-03-09 Wehrle-Werk Ag Verfahren zur Phosphorrückgewinnung
WO2022235981A1 (en) * 2021-05-06 2022-11-10 Mason J Bradley Systems and methods for treatment of materials

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE679231A (pt) * 1966-04-07 1966-10-07
FR1495622A (fr) * 1966-08-12 1967-09-22 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procédé d'incinération de liquides organiques fluorés
US3556024A (en) * 1969-06-27 1971-01-19 Dow Chemical Co Method of reducing halogen emissions from the incineration of halogen-containing plastics
US3814568A (en) * 1973-05-25 1974-06-04 Syst Technology Corp Method and apparatus for incinerating liquids
BE819818A (nl) * 1974-09-12 1974-12-31 Werkwijze voor het behandelen van organische afvalstoffen
DE2729325C3 (de) * 1977-06-29 1980-09-11 Kernforschungsanlage Juelich Gmbh, 5170 Juelich Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung radioaktiv kontaminierter Lösungsmittelabfälle
DE2855650C2 (de) * 1978-12-22 1984-10-25 Nukem Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Verfahren zur pyrohydrolytischen Zersetzung von Phosphor enthaltenden, mit hochangereichertem Uran kontaminierten Flüssigkeiten
US4352332A (en) * 1979-06-25 1982-10-05 Energy Incorporated Fluidized bed incineration of waste

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5752900A (en) 1982-03-29
DE3028193A1 (de) 1982-04-08
DE3028193C2 (de) 1984-11-22
DE3166470D1 (en) 1984-11-08
US4711185A (en) 1987-12-08
BR8104719A (pt) 1982-04-06
EP0044991A1 (de) 1982-02-03
JPH0221560B2 (pt) 1990-05-15

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