EP0031515A1 - Appareil pour découper des feuilles d'emballage d'une bande en mouvement - Google Patents

Appareil pour découper des feuilles d'emballage d'une bande en mouvement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0031515A1
EP0031515A1 EP80107761A EP80107761A EP0031515A1 EP 0031515 A1 EP0031515 A1 EP 0031515A1 EP 80107761 A EP80107761 A EP 80107761A EP 80107761 A EP80107761 A EP 80107761A EP 0031515 A1 EP0031515 A1 EP 0031515A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
web
belts
pack
recesses
blanks
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80107761A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0031515B1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Focke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0031515A1 publication Critical patent/EP0031515A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0031515B1 publication Critical patent/EP0031515B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H45/00—Folding thin material
    • B65H45/12—Folding articles or webs with application of pressure to define or form crease lines
    • B65H45/28—Folding in combination with cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/56—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which travels with the work otherwise than in the direction of the cut, i.e. flying cutter
    • B26D1/62—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which travels with the work otherwise than in the direction of the cut, i.e. flying cutter and is rotating about an axis parallel to the line of cut, e.g. mounted on a rotary cylinder
    • B26D1/626—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which travels with the work otherwise than in the direction of the cut, i.e. flying cutter and is rotating about an axis parallel to the line of cut, e.g. mounted on a rotary cylinder for thin material, e.g. for sheets, strips or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B31B50/14—Cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting or trimming
    • B31B50/16—Cutting webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H20/00—Advancing webs
    • B65H20/10—Advancing webs by a feed band against which web is held by fluid pressure, e.g. suction or air blast
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H35/00—Delivering articles from cutting or line-perforating machines; Article or web delivery apparatus incorporating cutting or line-perforating devices, e.g. adhesive tape dispensers
    • B65H35/04—Delivering articles from cutting or line-perforating machines; Article or web delivery apparatus incorporating cutting or line-perforating devices, e.g. adhesive tape dispensers from or with transverse cutters or perforators
    • B65H35/08—Delivering articles from cutting or line-perforating machines; Article or web delivery apparatus incorporating cutting or line-perforating devices, e.g. adhesive tape dispensers from or with transverse cutters or perforators from or with revolving, e.g. cylinder, cutters or perforators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/465—Cutting motion of tool has component in direction of moving work
    • Y10T83/4696—Plural diverse flying cutters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/465—Cutting motion of tool has component in direction of moving work
    • Y10T83/4766—Orbital motion of cutting blade
    • Y10T83/4778—Work feed gripper carried on endless belt

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing pack blanks by cutting off a continuous web and for feeding to a pack or the like.
  • the pack blank can be separated from the continuous web by cutting knives and web and blank cut at least in the area of the web Belts capturing side edges are transportable.
  • the transverse separating cuts for dividing the blanks are made in two complementary partial cuts.
  • the incoming web is provided with two partial cuts in the lateral area.
  • the web then enters the area of lateral belts that are subjected to suction air. These capture the web in the area of the previously made partial cuts.
  • a further partial cut then takes place between them, which, in addition to the partial cuts made first, effects a separation of the blank.
  • the web and the blank are thus guided and held over the entire conveyor line of interest (DE-PS 25 30 992).
  • the invention has for its object to propose a device by means of which a more simple means casual conveyance and guidance of a web of packaging material and the cuts separated from it is possible.
  • the invention is characterized in that the belts are provided with recesses arranged transversely to the conveying direction for the passage of the cutting knife.
  • the web and the blank are preferably conveyed and guided by two lateral belts which grip the web and subsequently the blank in the region of their lateral edges.
  • open elongated holes are made in the strips, that is to say on the sides facing one another, into which the separating knife with the end regions enters when making a separating cut.
  • the continuous separating cut is therefore produced in one work cycle by a suitably designed, arranged and dimensioned separating knife.
  • the web and subsequently the package blank are guided in the transport direction before and after the area of the separating cut by belts which are subjected to suction air.
  • the separating knife which necessarily has a larger transverse dimension than the distance between the inner edges of the strips, enters the recesses of the strips with a partial area.
  • the tapes are arranged at such a distance from one another that a package can be passed between them transversely to the plane of the tapes, taking the cut held by the bands.
  • the tapes are over the area of a recording or Packing station led out so that the blank is slipped off the tapes.
  • This arrangement of the bands also enables the device to operate continuously.
  • the separating knife which is preferably arranged on a rotating knife roller and cooperates with a stationary counter knife, runs synchronously. the belts, preferably at the same speed.
  • the length of the cut pack blanks can be determined according to the invention by the rolls arranged upstream of the belts in the conveying direction, which at most, namely at the maximum length of the pack blanks, run at the same speed as the belts. In the case of shorter pack blanks, the web is conveyed by the correspondingly adjusted speed of the pull rollers in the area of the belts to the point of separation.
  • pack blanks 10 are separated from a continuous web 11 of packaging material, for example a plastic film, and fed to a processing station 12 in the vertical plane. In the area thereof, the blank is folded in a U shape around a transversely supplied pack 13 or another object.
  • the pack 13 is transported here on a horizontal pack path 45 and passed through a mouthpiece 14 with the pack blank 10 held ready in the vertical plane.
  • the pack blank 10 lies in a U-shape around the pack 13. Following the mouthpiece 14, pack 13 and pack blank 10 are received in a pocket 15 of a folding turret 16.
  • the web 11 tapering from above is conveyed by two driven draw rollers 17 and 18 which are controllable in terms of their speed. Following these pull rollers 17 and 18, the web 11 enters the area of a guided conveyor line. This is due to upright, circumferential bands 20 and 21 defined. Through this, the web 11 and in the further course of the upright conveying path of the pack blank 10 are first detected, conveyed and held.
  • the tensile, flexible belts 20, 21 run over common upper and lower deflection rollers 22 and 23, of which the upper one can be driven, for example.
  • the deflecting rollers 22, 23 are provided with depressions 44 approximately in the width of the belts 20, 21.
  • the tapes 20 and 21 are arranged at a distance from one another in such a way that the web 11 and the pack blank 10 with a lateral strip are in contact with mutually facing inner edge regions of the tapes 20, 21.
  • web 11 and package blank 10 are fixed continuously, that is to say over the entire conveyor line, by adhesion to the belts 20, 21.
  • the liability is brought about by the application of suction air.
  • the strips 20, 21 are provided with a series of suction holes 24 in the region of the contact of the web 11 and the package blank 10. Through this suction air is brought to the web 11 and the package blank 10 for releasable fixation to the bands 20, 21.
  • a transverse cut 25 is made in the web 11 in the area of the conveyor line, ie in the area of the belts 20, 21, which extends over the full width of the web 11.
  • the separating cut 25 is carried out by a stationary knife device 26, which here consists of a rotating separating knife 27 and a fixed knife. existing counter knife 28.
  • the separating knife 27 is on a rotatably driven knife roller 29 is arranged.
  • the bands 20, 21 are provided at intervals with slot-like recesses 30 and 31 which are formed in the region of the sides facing one another and which have such a transverse dimension that the separating knife 27 with counter knife 28 can come into effect with their full length, under passage from end regions through the recesses 30 and 31.
  • the recesses 30, 31, as can be seen in particular from FIGS. 2 and 3, are somewhat deeper than this corresponds to the length of the separating knife 27 and the counter knife 28. These in turn are somewhat longer than the width of the web 11.
  • the bands 20, 21 can, since the recesses 30 and 31 ensure unimpeded passage of the knives 27, 28, be formed in any suitable width.
  • driver holes 32 are arranged, into which pin-like projections 33 of the driven, in the present case upper deflection roller 22, enter in a form-fitting manner in order to drive the drive onto the belts 20, 21 to be transferred.
  • a device for transmitting the suction air to the belts 20, 21 is here, for example, designed in the same way as in DE-PS 25 30 992.
  • the belts 20, 21 or their strand facing the web 11 or the pack blanks 10 run in the area of an upright support plate 34. This extends laterally beyond the bands 20, 21.
  • the surface of the support plate 34 facing the web 11 or the pack blanks 10 is essentially flush with the outer top of the bands 20, 21. These are guided in appropriately dimensioned flat grooves 35, 36 of the support plate 34 (see in particular Fig. 6).
  • suction nozzles 37, 38 with suction lines 39, 40 connect to the support plate 34.
  • the suction nozzles 37, 38 extend almost over the entire height of the belts 20, 21.
  • the suction lines 39, 40 are connected to a vacuum source.
  • a further knife arrangement 41 is arranged upstream of the conveyor section 19. Together with a longitudinal separating device 42 located in front of the drawing rollers 17 and 18, this serves to produce a grip tab 43 for forming a tear strip on the package blank 10.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
  • Advancing Webs (AREA)
  • Details Of Cutting Devices (AREA)
  • Wrapping Of Specific Fragile Articles (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
EP80107761A 1979-12-11 1980-12-09 Appareil pour découper des feuilles d'emballage d'une bande en mouvement Expired EP0031515B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2949685 1979-12-11
DE19792949685 DE2949685A1 (de) 1979-12-11 1979-12-11 Vorrichtung zum herstellen von packungszuschnitten durch abtrennen von einer fortlaufenden bahn

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0031515A1 true EP0031515A1 (fr) 1981-07-08
EP0031515B1 EP0031515B1 (fr) 1984-07-18

Family

ID=6088087

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80107761A Expired EP0031515B1 (fr) 1979-12-11 1980-12-09 Appareil pour découper des feuilles d'emballage d'une bande en mouvement

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4385479A (fr)
EP (1) EP0031515B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5684234A (fr)
BR (1) BR8008077A (fr)
CA (1) CA1145242A (fr)
DE (2) DE2949685A1 (fr)
SU (1) SU1071217A3 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0109582A1 (fr) * 1982-11-11 1984-05-30 Focke & Co. (GmbH & Co.) Dispositif pour la fabrication par découpe de flans
EP0338260A2 (fr) * 1988-04-18 1989-10-25 Stobb Inc. Dispositif à découper une bande de papier
EP0443787A2 (fr) * 1990-02-17 1991-08-28 Molins Plc Appareil pour envelopper des articles
EP0545265A2 (fr) * 1991-12-03 1993-06-09 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Procédé et dispositif d'alimentation en matériau d'emballage d'une machine à emballer
EP0728693A2 (fr) * 1995-02-23 1996-08-28 MELZER MASCHINENBAU GmbH Dispositif pour le transport d'une bande à travers des stations d'une ligne de traitement
EP0827931A2 (fr) * 1996-09-04 1998-03-11 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et méthode pour le guidage dynamique d'objets plats
DE102022105779A1 (de) 2022-03-11 2023-09-14 Focke & Co. (Gmbh & Co. Kg) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Handhaben von Zuschnitten für eine Umhüllung von Packungen für Produkte der Zigarettenindustrie

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3131687A1 (de) * 1981-08-11 1983-03-03 Focke & Co, 2810 Verden "verpackungs-vorrichtung zum herstellen von zuschnitten und zufuehren derselben in einer verpackungsstation"
US4608894A (en) * 1983-02-09 1986-09-02 Lee Ki S Adhesive tape-cutting device
DE3332950A1 (de) * 1983-09-13 1985-03-28 Focke & Co, 2810 Verden Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einhuellen von zigaretten-packungen in folien-zuschnitte
IT1184341B (it) * 1984-03-29 1987-10-28 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Dispositivo per alimentare materiale di rivestimento ad involucro ad una confezionatrice,specialmente confezionatrice per sigarette
DE3433608A1 (de) * 1984-09-13 1986-03-20 Focke & Co (GmbH & Co), 2810 Verden Umhuellung fuer beutelverpackungen sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen derselben
US4650453A (en) * 1984-09-26 1987-03-17 Womako Maschinenkonstruktionen Gmbh Apparatus for cross cutting a running web
DE3832533A1 (de) * 1988-09-24 1990-03-29 Focke & Co Vorrichtung zum zufuehren von verpackungs-zuschnitten zu einem faltaggregat
US5151073A (en) * 1989-04-05 1992-09-29 Focke & Co. (Gmbh & Co.) Apparatus for the production of cigarette packs
US4945707A (en) * 1989-04-24 1990-08-07 K. C. Technical Servies, Inc. Machine and method for overwrapping cylindrical articles
IT1262969B (it) * 1991-08-01 1996-07-23 Molins Plc Procedimento per realizzare un involucro per oggetti, in particolare sigarette, e macchina per realizzare tali involucri.
DE4134646A1 (de) * 1991-10-19 1993-04-22 Focke & Co Verfahren und vorrichtung zum transport einer materialbahn aus verpackungsmaterial und von dieser abgetrennter zuschnitte
GB9124249D0 (en) * 1991-11-14 1992-01-08 Goldstein Fredric Ribbon curling and shredding device
US5189865A (en) * 1992-06-03 1993-03-02 Idab Incorporated Method and apparatus for wrapping an article
IT1263436B (it) * 1993-06-18 1996-08-05 Gd Spa Metodo e dispositivo per l'alimentazione di spezzoni di materiale di incarto ad una linea di impacchettamento.
GB9321148D0 (en) * 1993-10-13 1993-12-01 Molins Plc Package blank feeding
DE19843533A1 (de) 1998-09-23 2000-03-30 Armin Steuer Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entsorgung von Bahnmaterial
ITBO20000733A1 (it) * 2000-12-20 2002-06-20 Gianluigi Gamberini Macchina per il confezionamento di pile di articoli multi - falda di carta o simili entro relativi involucri ottenuti da fogli di avvolgimen
NL1019933C2 (nl) * 2002-02-08 2003-08-11 Fountain Tech Bv Transportstans.
US6644193B2 (en) * 2002-03-12 2003-11-11 Elsner Engineering Works, Inc. Web cutting tuck folding machine and method
ITBO20030706A1 (it) * 2003-11-21 2005-05-22 Gd Spa Unita' di incarto di prodotti.
WO2005087593A1 (fr) * 2004-03-12 2005-09-22 Tokyo Automatic Machinery Works, Ltd. Dispositif d'emballage de corps plié
DE102009041900A1 (de) 2009-09-18 2011-04-07 Focke & Co.(Gmbh & Co. Kg) Packungen insbesondere für Zigaretten sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen derselben
DE102009060134A1 (de) 2009-12-09 2011-06-16 Focke & Co.(Gmbh & Co. Kg) Packungen insbesondere für Zigaretten sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen derselben

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3828636A (en) * 1973-03-21 1974-08-13 Pratt Mfg Corp Rotary cutting apparatus

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3075325A (en) * 1959-12-08 1963-01-29 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Method and apparatus for feeding wrapping material into a wrapping machine
GB1037261A (en) * 1962-03-08 1966-07-27 Derek Henry Youngman Improvements in or relating to the cutting of desired lengths from a web of wrapper material
GB1094351A (en) * 1964-06-04 1967-12-13 Schmermund Alfred Improvements in or relating to wrapping machines
GB1326892A (en) * 1969-08-22 1973-08-15 Surbrook L M Cutting apparatus for use in folders or sheeters for printing presses
US3721375A (en) * 1971-02-01 1973-03-20 Package Machinery Co Web feed mechanism for wrapping machines
US3917092A (en) * 1971-08-16 1975-11-04 Goodrich Co B F Conveyor belt with sprocket drive
DE2530992C3 (de) * 1975-07-11 1980-01-31 Focke & Pfuhl, 2810 Verden Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Verpackungszuschnitten

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3828636A (en) * 1973-03-21 1974-08-13 Pratt Mfg Corp Rotary cutting apparatus

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0109582A1 (fr) * 1982-11-11 1984-05-30 Focke & Co. (GmbH & Co.) Dispositif pour la fabrication par découpe de flans
EP0338260A2 (fr) * 1988-04-18 1989-10-25 Stobb Inc. Dispositif à découper une bande de papier
EP0338260A3 (fr) * 1988-04-18 1990-08-16 Stobb Inc. Dispositif à découper une bande de papier
EP0443787A2 (fr) * 1990-02-17 1991-08-28 Molins Plc Appareil pour envelopper des articles
EP0443787A3 (en) * 1990-02-17 1992-01-02 Molins Plc Article wrapping apparatus
US5386679A (en) * 1991-12-03 1995-02-07 G. D. Societa' Azioni Method and device for feeding a wrapping machine with portions of wrapping material
EP0545265A2 (fr) * 1991-12-03 1993-06-09 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Procédé et dispositif d'alimentation en matériau d'emballage d'une machine à emballer
EP0545265B1 (fr) * 1991-12-03 1998-02-11 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Procédé et dispositif d'alimentation en matériau d'emballage d'une machine à emballer
EP0728693A2 (fr) * 1995-02-23 1996-08-28 MELZER MASCHINENBAU GmbH Dispositif pour le transport d'une bande à travers des stations d'une ligne de traitement
EP0728693A3 (fr) * 1995-02-23 1997-04-16 Melzer Maschinenbau Gmbh Dispositif pour le transport d'une bande à travers des stations d'une ligne de traitement
EP0827931A2 (fr) * 1996-09-04 1998-03-11 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et méthode pour le guidage dynamique d'objets plats
EP0827931A3 (fr) * 1996-09-04 1999-01-07 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et méthode pour le guidage dynamique d'objets plats
US6170371B1 (en) 1996-09-04 2001-01-09 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Apparatus for transporting signatures
DE102022105779A1 (de) 2022-03-11 2023-09-14 Focke & Co. (Gmbh & Co. Kg) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Handhaben von Zuschnitten für eine Umhüllung von Packungen für Produkte der Zigarettenindustrie
WO2023169941A1 (fr) * 2022-03-11 2023-09-14 Focke & Co. (Gmbh & Co. Kg) Dispositif et procédé de manipulation de découpes pour envelopper des articles d'emballage pour des produits de l'industrie des cigarettes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0031515B1 (fr) 1984-07-18
BR8008077A (pt) 1981-06-30
JPH0146376B2 (fr) 1989-10-06
DE3068625D1 (en) 1984-08-23
SU1071217A3 (ru) 1984-01-30
JPS5684234A (en) 1981-07-09
CA1145242A (fr) 1983-04-26
DE2949685A1 (de) 1981-06-19
US4385479A (en) 1983-05-31

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