DE69322547D1 - Lithiumionenleitendes Elektrolyt - Google Patents
Lithiumionenleitendes ElektrolytInfo
- Publication number
- DE69322547D1 DE69322547D1 DE69322547T DE69322547T DE69322547D1 DE 69322547 D1 DE69322547 D1 DE 69322547D1 DE 69322547 T DE69322547 T DE 69322547T DE 69322547 T DE69322547 T DE 69322547T DE 69322547 D1 DE69322547 D1 DE 69322547D1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- salts
- group
- conductivity
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical class [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical class [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 159000000021 acetate salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940053326 magnesium salt Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 tetrafluoroborate Chemical compound 0.000 abstract 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- KAKQVSNHTBLJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanesulfonimidic acid Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F KAKQVSNHTBLJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0563—Liquid materials, e.g. for Li-SOCl2 cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
- H01M6/181—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
- H01M6/162—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
- H01M6/164—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by the solvent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
- H01M6/162—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
- H01M6/166—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by the solute
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/901,669 US5506073A (en) | 1992-06-22 | 1992-06-22 | Lithium ion conducting electrolytes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE69322547D1 true DE69322547D1 (de) | 1999-01-28 |
| DE69322547T2 DE69322547T2 (de) | 1999-05-27 |
Family
ID=25414615
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69322547T Expired - Fee Related DE69322547T2 (de) | 1992-06-22 | 1993-06-18 | Lithiumionenleitendes Elektrolyt |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5506073A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0576225B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPH06119807A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE174727T1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2098870A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE69322547T2 (de) |
| MX (1) | MX9303749A (de) |
Families Citing this family (51)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5786110A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1998-07-28 | Arizona Board Of Regents | Alkali-metal-ion conducting electrolytes |
| US5514493A (en) * | 1995-03-06 | 1996-05-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Perfluoroalkylsulfonates, sulfonimides, and sulfonyl methides, and electrolytes containing them |
| US5874616A (en) * | 1995-03-06 | 1999-02-23 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Preparation of bis (fluoroalkylenesulfonyl) imides and (fluoroalkysulfony) (fluorosulfonyl) imides |
| US6335878B1 (en) * | 1998-07-28 | 2002-01-01 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Non-volatile multi-level semiconductor flash memory device and method of driving same |
| GB9619133D0 (en) | 1996-09-13 | 1996-10-23 | Secr Defence | An electrolyte |
| US7527899B2 (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2009-05-05 | Arizona Board Of Regents For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Electrolytic orthoborate salts for lithium batteries |
| US7012124B2 (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2006-03-14 | Arizona Board Of Regents, Acting For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Solid polymeric electrolytes for lithium batteries |
| WO2001096446A1 (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2001-12-20 | Arizona Board Of Regents, A Body Corporate Acting On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Conductive polymeric compositions for lithium batteries |
| KR100477744B1 (ko) * | 2001-10-31 | 2005-03-18 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 유기 전해액 및 이를 채용한 리튬 2차전지 |
| CA2424561A1 (en) * | 2002-04-02 | 2003-10-02 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Material for electrolytic solutions and use thereof |
| US20050026042A1 (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2005-02-03 | Alain Vallee | Polyimide-based battery for a portable electronic appliance |
| US7390336B2 (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2008-06-24 | Solicore, Inc. | Polyimide-based lithium metal battery |
| CA2482003A1 (fr) * | 2004-10-12 | 2006-04-12 | Hydro-Quebec | Melange ternaire polymere - sel fondu - solvant, procede de fabrication et utilisation dans les systemes electrochimiques |
| KR100941299B1 (ko) * | 2006-07-07 | 2010-02-11 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 시아노기를 갖는 비수 전해액 첨가제 및 이를 이용한전기화학소자 |
| US10559827B2 (en) | 2013-12-03 | 2020-02-11 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Electrochemical cell having solid ionically conducting polymer material |
| US11251455B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2022-02-15 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid ionically conducting polymer material |
| US11152657B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2021-10-19 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Alkaline metal-air battery cathode |
| US9819053B1 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2017-11-14 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid electrolyte high energy battery |
| US11319411B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2022-05-03 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid ionically conducting polymer material |
| US11749833B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2023-09-05 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid state bipolar battery |
| US10497970B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2019-12-03 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Alkali ion conducting plastic crystals |
| CN111341979A (zh) | 2013-12-03 | 2020-06-26 | 离子材料公司 | 固体离子传导性聚合物材料及其应用 |
| WO2015153729A1 (en) | 2014-04-01 | 2015-10-08 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | High capacity polymer cathode and high energy density rechargeable cell comprising the cathode |
| US10665895B2 (en) | 2014-04-18 | 2020-05-26 | Seeo, Inc. | Polymer composition with olefinic groups for stabilization of lithium sulfur batteries |
| US10044064B2 (en) | 2014-04-18 | 2018-08-07 | Seeo, Inc. | Long cycle-life lithium sulfur solid state electrochemical cell |
| US10566632B2 (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2020-02-18 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Hybrid electrolytes for group 2 cation-based electrochemical energy storage device |
| KR102640010B1 (ko) | 2015-06-04 | 2024-02-22 | 아이오닉 머터리얼스, 인코퍼레이션 | 고체 중합체 전해질을 갖는 리튬 금속 배터리 |
| WO2016200785A1 (en) * | 2015-06-08 | 2016-12-15 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Battery having aluminum anode and solid polymer electrolyte |
| US11342559B2 (en) | 2015-06-08 | 2022-05-24 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Battery with polyvalent metal anode |
| US10707531B1 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2020-07-07 | New Dominion Enterprises Inc. | All-inorganic solvents for electrolytes |
| DE102016224420A1 (de) * | 2016-12-08 | 2018-06-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Festelektrolyten |
| EP3574542A4 (de) | 2017-01-26 | 2020-09-02 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Alkalische batteriekathode mit festpolymerelektrolyt |
| US10686224B2 (en) | 2017-04-19 | 2020-06-16 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Battery with aluminum-containing cathode |
| WO2019135345A1 (ja) | 2018-01-05 | 2019-07-11 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | 固体電解質材料、および、電池 |
| EP3736822A4 (de) | 2018-01-05 | 2021-03-10 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Festelektrolytmaterial und batterie |
| WO2019135328A1 (ja) | 2018-01-05 | 2019-07-11 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | 固体電解質材料、および、電池 |
| WO2019135316A1 (ja) | 2018-01-05 | 2019-07-11 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | 固体電解質材料、および、電池 |
| CN111316485B (zh) | 2018-01-05 | 2023-10-20 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 正极材料及电池 |
| JPWO2019135348A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-05 | 2021-01-14 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | 固体電解質材料、および、電池 |
| CN111279431B (zh) | 2018-01-05 | 2022-03-25 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 固体电解质材料和电池 |
| EP3736834A4 (de) | 2018-01-05 | 2021-03-10 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Festelektrolytmaterial und batterie |
| WO2019135320A1 (ja) | 2018-01-05 | 2019-07-11 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | 固体電解質材料、および、電池 |
| WO2019135323A1 (ja) | 2018-01-05 | 2019-07-11 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | 電池 |
| CN111566853B (zh) | 2018-01-26 | 2024-04-19 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 正极材料和使用该正极材料的电池 |
| JP7217432B2 (ja) | 2018-01-26 | 2023-02-03 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | 正極材料およびそれを用いた電池 |
| JP7316564B6 (ja) | 2018-01-26 | 2024-02-19 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | 電池 |
| WO2020110480A1 (ja) | 2018-11-29 | 2020-06-04 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | 負極材料、電池、および電池の製造方法 |
| JP7429869B2 (ja) | 2018-11-29 | 2024-02-09 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | 負極材料、および、電池 |
| CN113508446B (zh) * | 2019-03-29 | 2022-09-27 | 日本贵弥功株式会社 | 固体电解质、蓄电设备及固体电解质的制造方法 |
| CN111600080A (zh) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-08-28 | 南开大学 | 一种提高水系电池低温性能的电解液添加剂及电解液 |
| US11928472B2 (en) | 2020-09-26 | 2024-03-12 | Intel Corporation | Branch prefetch mechanisms for mitigating frontend branch resteers |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3445290A (en) * | 1966-12-12 | 1969-05-20 | Globe Union Inc | Silver and copper thiocyanate primary cells |
| US3615828A (en) * | 1970-03-09 | 1971-10-26 | Atomic Energy Commission | Secondary power-producing cell |
| SU532916A1 (ru) * | 1975-05-04 | 1976-10-25 | Ленинградский Ордена Ленина Политехнический Институт Им. М.И.Калинина | Электролит дл химического источника тока с литиевым анодом |
| US4164610A (en) * | 1977-05-23 | 1979-08-14 | Corning Glass Works | Glasses exhibiting high lithium ion mobility |
| JPS6053427B2 (ja) * | 1978-02-16 | 1985-11-26 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 非水電解液電池 |
| US4234667A (en) * | 1979-03-02 | 1980-11-18 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Battery and method for fabricating same |
| DE2918940C2 (de) * | 1979-05-10 | 1984-08-09 | Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V., 3400 Göttingen | Festes Ionenleitermaterial, seine Verwendung und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| DE3039900C2 (de) * | 1979-10-29 | 1983-11-03 | Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo | Trockenelektrolyt |
| DE3200757C1 (de) * | 1982-01-13 | 1983-07-21 | Fa. Carl Freudenberg, 6940 Weinheim | Flexible elektrolytische Zelle |
| DK254484A (da) * | 1983-06-24 | 1984-12-25 | Ray O Vac Corp | Fremgangsmaade til opnaaelse af hoej ledningsevne i thionylchlorid-elektrolytter samt celle og salt til udoevelse af fremgangsmaaden |
| US4990413A (en) * | 1989-01-18 | 1991-02-05 | Mhb Joint Venture | Composite solid electrolytes and electrochemical devices employing the same |
| JPH0397758A (ja) * | 1989-09-11 | 1991-04-23 | Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd | 樹脂成形体の導電性改質方法 |
-
1992
- 1992-06-22 US US07/901,669 patent/US5506073A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-06-18 AT AT93304803T patent/ATE174727T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-18 EP EP93304803A patent/EP0576225B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-18 DE DE69322547T patent/DE69322547T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-06-21 CA CA002098870A patent/CA2098870A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-06-22 JP JP5188613A patent/JPH06119807A/ja active Pending
- 1993-06-22 MX MX9303749A patent/MX9303749A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX9303749A (es) | 1994-05-31 |
| US5506073A (en) | 1996-04-09 |
| ATE174727T1 (de) | 1999-01-15 |
| JPH06119807A (ja) | 1994-04-28 |
| CA2098870A1 (en) | 1993-12-23 |
| EP0576225B1 (de) | 1998-12-16 |
| EP0576225A1 (de) | 1993-12-29 |
| DE69322547T2 (de) | 1999-05-27 |
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